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Immunopath Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane PRRs

A

TLRs, C-type lectin receptors, GPCRs, mannose receptors

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2
Q

Endosomal PRRs

A

TLRs 3, 7, 8, 9

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3
Q

Cytosolic PRRs

A

NLRs, RLRs

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4
Q

C-type lectin receptor recognition

A

Fungal glycans

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5
Q

GPCR recognition

A

N-formylmethionyl (N-fMet, bacteria)

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6
Q

Mannose receptor recognition

A

Microbial sugars

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7
Q

TLR3 ligand

A

dsRNA (viruses)

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8
Q

TLR4 ligand

A

LPS (gram neg bacteria), HSP60 (chlamydia)

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9
Q

TLR5 ligand

A

Flagella (various bacteria)

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10
Q

TLR6 ligand

A

CpG DNA (bacteria, protozoans)

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11
Q

TLR7 ligand

A

ssRNA (viruses)

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12
Q

TLR8 ligand

A

ssRNA (viruses)

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13
Q

TLR9 ligand

A

CpG DNA (bacteria, viruses)

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14
Q

TLR2 ligand

A

Lipoproteins (bacteria), peptidoglycan (gram pos bacteria), zymosan (fungi), LPS (lepto), GPI anchor (trypanosomes), lipoarabinomannan (mycobacterium), phosphatidylinositol dimannoside (mycobacterium)

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15
Q

TLR3 uses what instead of MyD88?
(And what other TLR can use this?)

A

TRIF
(TLR4 can also use this)

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16
Q

NOD1 and NOD2 ligands

A

Gram neg and gram neg/pos bacteria, respectively

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17
Q

RIG1 ligand and domain

A

dsRNA (viruses), CARD domain

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18
Q

MNGC types, composition, and mediation

A

•Acute tuberculosis - M1, DC-STAMP-mediated fusion
•Chronic tuberculosis - M2, IL-1 driven fusion
•Foreign body giant cells - M2a, IL4/13 promotes DC-STAMP and E-Cadherin-association fusion
•Xanthogranulomas - Touton giant cells, IFNy and IL6-mediated fusion

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19
Q

What differentiates Langerhans cells from other DCs?

A

EpCAM expression

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20
Q

What differentiates follicular DCs from other DCs? What is their mechanism of action?

A

•Do not express MHC Class II
•Instead express FcR and CR to to develop and maintain memory B cells

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21
Q

What do NK cells express?

A

CD16/56

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22
Q

ILC1s secrete what and are good against what type of disease process?

A

IFNy and TNF (like Th1)
Viruses, cancer, intracellular bacteria, protozoa

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23
Q

ILC2s secrete what and are good against what type of disease process?

A

IL4/5/9/13 (like Th2)
Parasites, atopy/allergy

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24
Q

ILC3s secrete what and are good against what type of disease process?

A

TNFa
Extracellular bacteria

25
Antigen receptor diversity (somatic recombination) of T cells is mediated by what?
RAG1 and RAG2 (Recombination activating genes)
26
What induces expression of proteins not typically expressed in the thymus and is critical for TCL selection?
AIRE
27
Intraepithelial lymphs (IELs) are what type of T cell? What is their MHC restriction?
Gamma/delta Does not require MHC
28
TCR signaling steps
•Signal 1: binding to MHC class •Signal 2 (costimulatory): CD28 — B7-1(CD80)/B7-2(CD86) or CD40L — CD40 •Activation —> IL2 —> proliferation and differentiation
29
What do Tregs express?
CD4+Foxp3+
30
Tregs common transcription factor
Foxp3
31
B lymph antigen receptor complex (signaling and expression)
Signal 1: CD79a/b Signal 2: CD21 — C3b, C3a CD40 — CD40L on Th cells
32
What is required for B cell isotype switching?
CD40 binding to CD40L on Th cells
33
B cells under the influence of what become IgE secreting B cells?
IL4
34
Expression of MHCII
Primarily on APCs
35
Expression of MHCI
All nucleated cells and platelets
36
Hypersensitivity types and descriptions
I: immediate-type II: cytotoxic III: immune complex IV: delayed-type or cell-mediated (antibody-independent)
37
Type I hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result
IgE mediated Exogenous Ags IL4, Th2 cells, IgE secreting plasma cells, mast cells
38
Mast cell granule contents and cytokines secreted
•Preformed: Histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors, proteogkycans •Synthesized: Lipid mediators (PAF, PGD2, LTB/C/D/E4) •IL4/5/13
39
Type II hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result
Ab—Ag, IgM or IgG Exogenous or endogenous Ag Most commonly agains RBCs or plts
40
Type II hypersensitivity examples
Graves’ disease, myasthenia gravis, IMHA, ITP, drug and transfusion reactions, pemphigus, NIE
41
Type I hypersensitivity examples
Anaphylaxis, allergies (atopy), bronchial asthma
42
Type III hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result
Ag—Ab, usually IgM or IgG Deposit in tissues and activates complement, vasculitis Recruitment and activation of neuts and macs
43
Type III immune complex deposition condition
Slight antigen excess
44
Type III hypersensitivity examples
Arthus reaction, blue eye, equine asthma, SLE, some forms of glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, Aleutian mink disease
45
Type IV hypersensitivity examples
Contact dermatitis, transplant rejection, tuberculosis, chronic allergic disease, rheumatoid arthritis
46
Type IV hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result
•Requires T cell (Th1, Th17, CTL) Ab independent! •Direct cytotoxicity from CD8 T cells •Cytokine release from CD4 (IFNy) and CD8 T cells —> activates macs •Th17 release IL17/21/22 —> recruits neuts and monos •Takes 24-48h to develop
47
Sjorgen-like syndrome signs
LC infiltration and fibrosis of lacrimal/salivary glands -adult-onset KCS, xerostomia, lymphoplasmacytic adenitis
48
Dermatomyositis
•Temporal and masseter muscles •Necrosis of basal cells of epidermis, follicular epithelium —> subepidermal clefts •Mononuclear myositis
49
Common effector pathway (target for therapy) for immune mediated inflamm diseases
TNF-a
50
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is due to a defect in what and what signs can you see?
Lyst gene (regulates intracellular trafficking) Enlarged granules in granulocytes (incl melanocytes) and monos, hypopigmentation, bleeding tendencies, ocular abnormalities, nerve defects, recurrent infections
51
What effects does Chediak-Higashi syndrome have on neutrophils and NK cells?
Impaired phagosomal-lysosomal fusion
52
What defect is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?
B2 integrin subunit and defective expression of CD18 (affects adhesion)
53
SCID mutation in horses vs Bassett hounds vs cardigan welsh corgis vs JRT dogs vs mice
•Horses, JRT, mice: DNA-PKcs •Bassett and corgi: X-linked mutation in common gamma subunit of IL2/4/7/8/15
54
Nude mice have what kind of immunodeficiency?
Thymic hypoplasia, deficiency of T cell responses, defective CMI and no Ab response (nu/nu)
55
Primary amyloidosis - type and composition
AL type Light chains of plasma cells
56
Secondary amyloidosis - type and composition
AA type Serum AA
57
Neurodegenerative amyloidosis deposits - composition
ABeta
58
Transmission of amyloidosis has been shows with which types?
AA (IV and PO) and ApoAI

Gen Path (8 decks)

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