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Gen Path > Immunopath > Flashcards

Immunopath Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane PRRs

A

TLRs, C-type lectin receptors, GPCRs, mannose receptors

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2
Q

Endosomal PRRs

A

TLRs 3, 7, 8, 9

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3
Q

Cytosolic PRRs

A

NLRs, RLRs

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4
Q

C-type lectin receptor recognition

A

Fungal glycans

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5
Q

GPCR recognition

A

N-formylmethionyl (N-fMet, bacteria)

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6
Q

Mannose receptor recognition

A

Microbial sugars

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7
Q

TLR3 ligand

A

dsRNA (viruses)

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8
Q

TLR4 ligand

A

LPS (gram neg bacteria), HSP60 (chlamydia)

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9
Q

TLR5 ligand

A

Flagella (various bacteria)

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10
Q

TLR6 ligand

A

CpG DNA (bacteria, protozoans)

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11
Q

TLR7 ligand

A

ssRNA (viruses)

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12
Q

TLR8 ligand

A

ssRNA (viruses)

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13
Q

TLR9 ligand

A

CpG DNA (bacteria, viruses)

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14
Q

TLR2 ligand

A

Lipoproteins (bacteria), peptidoglycan (gram pos bacteria), zymosan (fungi), LPS (lepto), GPI anchor (trypanosomes), lipoarabinomannan (mycobacterium), phosphatidylinositol dimannoside (mycobacterium)

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15
Q

TLR3 uses what instead of MyD88?
(And what other TLR can use this?)

A

TRIF
(TLR4 can also use this)

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16
Q

NOD1 and NOD2 ligands

A

Gram neg and gram neg/pos bacteria, respectively

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17
Q

RIG1 ligand and domain

A

dsRNA (viruses), CARD domain

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18
Q

MNGC types, composition, and mediation

A

•Acute tuberculosis - M1, DC-STAMP-mediated fusion
•Chronic tuberculosis - M2, IL-1 driven fusion
•Foreign body giant cells - M2a, IL4/13 promotes DC-STAMP and E-Cadherin-association fusion
•Xanthogranulomas - Touton giant cells, IFNy and IL6-mediated fusion

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19
Q

What differentiates Langerhans cells from other DCs?

A

EpCAM expression

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20
Q

What differentiates follicular DCs from other DCs? What is their mechanism of action?

A

•Do not express MHC Class II
•Instead express FcR and CR to to develop and maintain memory B cells

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21
Q

What do NK cells express?

A

CD16/56

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22
Q

ILC1s secrete what and are good against what type of disease process?

A

IFNy and TNF (like Th1)
Viruses, cancer, intracellular bacteria, protozoa

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23
Q

ILC2s secrete what and are good against what type of disease process?

A

IL4/5/9/13 (like Th2)
Parasites, atopy/allergy

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24
Q

ILC3s secrete what and are good against what type of disease process?

A

TNFa
Extracellular bacteria

25
Q

Antigen receptor diversity (somatic recombination) of T cells is mediated by what?

A

RAG1 and RAG2
(Recombination activating genes)

26
Q

What induces expression of proteins not typically expressed in the thymus and is critical for TCL selection?

A

AIRE

27
Q

Intraepithelial lymphs (IELs) are what type of T cell? What is their MHC restriction?

A

Gamma/delta
Does not require MHC

28
Q

TCR signaling steps

A

•Signal 1: binding to MHC class
•Signal 2 (costimulatory): CD28 — B7-1(CD80)/B7-2(CD86) or CD40L — CD40
•Activation —> IL2 —> proliferation and differentiation

29
Q

What do Tregs express?

A

CD4+Foxp3+

30
Q

Tregs common transcription factor

A

Foxp3

31
Q

B lymph antigen receptor complex (signaling and expression)

A

Signal 1: CD79a/b
Signal 2: CD21 — C3b, C3a
CD40 — CD40L on Th cells

32
Q

What is required for B cell isotype switching?

A

CD40 binding to CD40L on Th cells

33
Q

B cells under the influence of what become IgE secreting B cells?

A

IL4

34
Q

Expression of MHCII

A

Primarily on APCs

35
Q

Expression of MHCI

A

All nucleated cells and platelets

36
Q

Hypersensitivity types and descriptions

A

I: immediate-type
II: cytotoxic
III: immune complex
IV: delayed-type or cell-mediated (antibody-independent)

37
Q

Type I hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result

A

IgE mediated
Exogenous Ags
IL4, Th2 cells, IgE secreting plasma cells, mast cells

38
Q

Mast cell granule contents and cytokines secreted

A

•Preformed: Histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors, proteogkycans
•Synthesized: Lipid mediators (PAF, PGD2, LTB/C/D/E4)
•IL4/5/13

39
Q

Type II hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result

A

Ab—Ag, IgM or IgG
Exogenous or endogenous Ag
Most commonly agains RBCs or plts

40
Q

Type II hypersensitivity examples

A

Graves’ disease, myasthenia gravis, IMHA, ITP, drug and transfusion reactions, pemphigus, NIE

41
Q

Type I hypersensitivity examples

A

Anaphylaxis, allergies (atopy), bronchial asthma

42
Q

Type III hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result

A

Ag—Ab, usually IgM or IgG
Deposit in tissues and activates complement, vasculitis
Recruitment and activation of neuts and macs

43
Q

Type III immune complex deposition condition

A

Slight antigen excess

44
Q

Type III hypersensitivity examples

A

Arthus reaction, blue eye, equine asthma, SLE, some forms of glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, Aleutian mink disease

45
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity examples

A

Contact dermatitis, transplant rejection, tuberculosis, chronic allergic disease, rheumatoid arthritis

46
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity - mediator, stimulation (sensitizer), key cytokine(s), Th cell type, key cells/end result

A

•Requires T cell (Th1, Th17, CTL)
Ab independent!
•Direct cytotoxicity from CD8 T cells
•Cytokine release from CD4 (IFNy) and CD8 T cells —> activates macs
•Th17 release IL17/21/22 —> recruits neuts and monos
•Takes 24-48h to develop

47
Q

Sjorgen-like syndrome signs

A

LC infiltration and fibrosis of lacrimal/salivary glands
-adult-onset KCS, xerostomia, lymphoplasmacytic adenitis

48
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

•Temporal and masseter muscles
•Necrosis of basal cells of epidermis, follicular epithelium —> subepidermal clefts
•Mononuclear myositis

49
Q

Common effector pathway (target for therapy) for immune mediated inflamm diseases

A

TNF-a

50
Q

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is due to a defect in what and what signs can you see?

A

Lyst gene (regulates intracellular trafficking)
Enlarged granules in granulocytes (incl melanocytes) and monos, hypopigmentation, bleeding tendencies, ocular abnormalities, nerve defects, recurrent infections

51
Q

What effects does Chediak-Higashi syndrome have on neutrophils and NK cells?

A

Impaired phagosomal-lysosomal fusion

52
Q

What defect is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?

A

B2 integrin subunit and defective expression of CD18 (affects adhesion)

53
Q

SCID mutation in horses vs Bassett hounds vs cardigan welsh corgis vs JRT dogs vs mice

A

•Horses, JRT, mice: DNA-PKcs
•Bassett and corgi: X-linked mutation in common gamma subunit of IL2/4/7/8/15

54
Q

Nude mice have what kind of immunodeficiency?

A

Thymic hypoplasia, deficiency of T cell responses, defective CMI and no Ab response
(nu/nu)

55
Q

Primary amyloidosis - type and composition

A

AL type
Light chains of plasma cells

56
Q

Secondary amyloidosis - type and composition

A

AA type
Serum AA

57
Q

Neurodegenerative amyloidosis deposits - composition

A

ABeta

58
Q

Transmission of amyloidosis has been shows with which types?

A

AA (IV and PO) and ApoAI

Gen Path (8 decks)

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