Wound Care Flashcards
Basic treatment for red, yellow, and black wounds
red: cover
yellow: clean
black: debride
What are the wound healing phases
hemostasis
inflammation
proliferative
remodeling
maturation
hemostasis phase
blood vessels constrict
platelets gather
inflammation phase
heat, swelling, redness, and pain at site
WBCs travel to area - neutrophils and macrophages
macerated
moisture
dehiscence
partial or total separation of wound
periwound
skin surrounding wound
indurated
firm or hard skin around wound
passive vs. mechanical irrigation
passive: pour stuff over
mechanical: use gauze and soln to gently scrub
what is it called when new blood vessels form within the wound
angiogenesis
angiogenesis becomes what
granulation tissue where capillary system forms but is still prone to bleeding and trauma
what is epithelialization
temp protection starting from wound edges to center
what promotes epithelialization
moise environments
proliferative phase
fibroblasts create and secrete collagen, angiogenesis, and epithelization
maturation phase
completes healing, could take more than a year
collagen reorganized to strengthen, less vascular support
thins
list some extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect wound healing
intrinsic: age, chronic illness, reduced sensation
extrinsic: aspirin, corticosteroids, cancer, inadequate nutrients, stress
how are chronic wound healing difference from acute wound
chronic usually heal through secondary intention where the edges are irregular - prevents matrix and scar formation
more fluid and proinflammatory cytokines - slows proliferative phase
how to remove dry dressing
add some 0.9% NaCl to moisten for removal
never use wet-to-dry dressing on what
granulation tissue
how to create wet to dry dressing and purpose
apply saline and take excess out
as dressing dries, will pull exudate out
alginate dressings: use and how to use
use: lots of exudate and pack deep wounds, hemostasis
requires contact with wound to provide moisture, need secondary dressing to cover
alginate vs. hydrogel dressing
both for exudates
alginate also for stopping blood -> hemostasis
hydrogel dressing how to use
cut larger than cavity and apply secondary dressing
purpose of transparent film dressings
allow oxygen exchange and keeps from drying out
for necrotic tissue or superficial skin tears
what does autolytic wound debridement mean
use body own enzymes and moisture to rehydrate tissue
which dressings are autolytic wound debridement
hydrocolloids, hydrogels, transparent films
when are binders used
provides support and most often used in abdomen after incision in surgery
what does “povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide are cytotoxic” mean
they kill fibroblasts and healing tissue
antiseptic agents and examples
inhibit or kill microbes
povidone-iodine, silver agents, hydrogen peroxide
antibacterial agents examples
bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, triple abx ointment
what that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) OR called vacuum assisted closure (VAC) do
help with wound contraction, debridement, and removal of exudate by applying suction;
helps with granulation, and decrease bacteria
what are penrose drains
open drainage system
low air loss mattress
redistribute pressure and allow flow of air prevent moisture accumulation
air fluidized bed surface
;redistribute pressure with air forced through beads; for pts with skin graft, skin flap, or moist areas of skin
lateral rotation surfaces
passive motion to promote movement; for pts with venous stasis or urinary issues
hyperbaric oxygen therapy usage
promote cell growth for burns and necrotic infections
growth factor therapy usage
use of plasma rich in platelets allow stimulation of fibroblasts to increase cell growth
ultrasound therapy usage
decrease pain, increase granulation, lower chances of infection
what does applying oxygen therapy do for pt with multiple wounds
improves perfusion and decreases likelihood of increased inflammatory phase in chronic wounds
