Skin Physical Assessment

Question 1

what can hyperpigmentation be a sign of

Answer 1

freckles, chloasma, solar lentigines, cafe au lait spots

Question 2

what can hypopigmentation be

Answer 2

scars, stretch marks, vitiligo

Question 3

vitiligo

Answer 3

white patches of hypopigmentation

Question 4

ecchymosis

Answer 4

bruise

Question 5

erythema

Answer 5

inflammation -> redness

Question 6

jaundice cause

Answer 6

RBC breakdown that releases bilirubin; sign of liver issue

Question 7

petechiae

Answer 7

small, pinpoint hemorrhages that don’t blanche when pressed

Question 8

xerosis

Answer 8

dry skin

Question 9

seborrhea

Answer 9

oily skin

Question 10

velvety skin cause

Answer 10

thyroid disease

Question 11

purpura

Answer 11

mix of petechiae and ecchymosis

Question 12

macule

Answer 12

small pigmentation change
flat lesion

Question 13

patch

Answer 13

larger pigmentation change
flat lesion

Question 14

papule

Answer 14

small mole thing
raised lesions

Question 15

plaque

Answer 15

psoriasis, eczema
raised lesions

Question 16

wheal

Answer 16

irregular edema from allergies, insect bites
raised solid lesions

Question 17

nodule

Answer 17

dermis -> melanoma
raised solid lesions

Question 18

tumor

Answer 18

dermis -> lipoma
raised solid lesions

Question 19

vesicle

Answer 19

superficial serous fluid
varicella, shingles
raised fluid-filled lesions

Question 20

bulla

Answer 20

large superficial serous fluid
blister
raised fluid-filled lesions

Question 21

pustule

Answer 21

superficial purulent fluid
acne, herpes
raised fluid-filled lesions

Question 22

cyst

Answer 22

subq fluid or semi-solid fluid
cystic acne
raised fluid-filled lesions

Question 23

lichenification

Answer 23

thickened and elevated skin from prolonged scratching & rubbing
chronic skin inflammation or psoriasis

Question 24

fissure

Answer 24

straight line crack into dermis

Question 25

erosion

Answer 25

shallow moist depression in epidermis; no bleeding

Question 26

ulcer

Answer 26

loss to dermis, may bleed

Question 27

excoriation

Answer 27

epidermal abrasions

Question 28

ABCDE rule for recognizing melanoma

Answer 28

A - asymmetry
B - border irregularity
C - color
D - diameter
E - evolving

Question 29

“ugly ducking rule” for recognizing melanoma

Answer 29

looks diff from other moles and may itch, burn, or bleed

Question 30

interventions for pressure injuries

Answer 30

reposition q2hrs
elevate bed to no more than 30 degrees
NEVER rub
lift, don’t drag
keep dry

Question 31

risks for developing skin cancers

Answer 31

• hx of immediate family or self
• lots of moles
• light skin, eye, hair color
• severe blistering sunburns during childhood
• immunosuppressed pt
• lots of sun exposure

Question 32

characteristics of venous ulcer

Answer 32

• irregular/flat wound border
• no report of pain at rest
• pedal pulses present
• around ankle discoloration
• ankle or leg edema

Question 33

characteristics of arterial ulcer

Answer 33

• regular, even, wound border
• pain reported at rest
• pedal pulses absent
• pale wound around toes
• temp cool
• body hair loss around region

Question 34

peristalsis waves visible in epigastric area indicates what

Answer 34

abnormal aortic aneurysm; do not palpate