World War II Test Flashcards
0
Q
what year did ww2 end?
A
1945
1
Q
what year did world war 2 begin?
A
1939
2
Q
what is fascism?
A
a political philosophy that exalts nation above the individual and that stands for a government headed by a dictator
3
Q
what is nazism?
A
- extreme form of fascism, anti-jew
- national socialist German workers party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolf hitler
4
Q
what we’re the causes of ww2?
A
- hitler
- expansionism
- appeasement
- treaty of Versailles
- Munich conference
5
Q
what did hitler vow to defy?
A
- the treat of Versailles
- promises to restore Germany to it’s greatness
6
Q
what is expansionism?
A
Germany, Italy, and japan began expanding their empires into neighboring countries
7
Q
what is appeasement?
A
meeting demands of a hostile power to avoid war
8
Q
what was the Munich conference?
A
- meeting between Britain + Germany
- Great Britain agreed that Germany could have Sudentenland (land around the borders) if hitler promised not to make any further territorial demands in Europe
9
Q
when was the Munich agreement signed?
A
September 29, 1938
10
Q
describe the non aggression pact
A
- August 23, 1939
- between Germany and Soviet Union
- divided Europe into “territories”
- Germany to have Western Europe and Soviet Union to have Baltic states of Eastern Europe
11
Q
what countries we’re in the axis powers?
A
- Germany- hitler
- Italy- Mussolini
- Japan-Emperor Hirohito
12
Q
what countries we’re in the allied powers?
A
- MURICA-Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Great Britain-Prime Minister Churchill
- Russia-Stalin
13
Q
describe hitlers first invasion of Poland
A
- September 1st, 1939
- hitler uses blitzkrieg warfare
- Germany takes over.. Poland, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands
14
Q
what happens of September 3rd, 1939?
A
France and Britain declare war on Germany
15
Q
describe the phony war
A
- troops formed a system of fortification a few miles away from each other
- each side waited for the other to attack, nothing happened
- newspaper authors called this “the phony war” and “sitzkrieg(sitting war)”
16
Q
what was the miracle at Dunkirk?
A
- may 1940
- German troops quickly take over Belgium and attack allied troops from behind the maginot line
- 340,000 soldiers we’re evacuated
- this rescue saved allied forces from complete annihilation
17
Q
what happened on June 22, 1940?
A
- after 6 weeks of resistance, France surrenders to Germany
- hitler quickly makes plans to invade Europe
18
Q
describe the Battle of Britain
A
- August 1940-May 1941
- nazis bomb Britain, hoping to force Britain to withdrawal from the war
- first battle fought over air
- British uses radar and enigma to hold off Germans, resulting in hitler calling back attacks
- significance: showed allies that hitlers attacks could be held off
19
Q
what was the British Air Force called?
A
RAF- Royal Airforce
20
Q
what was the German Air Force called?
A
Luftwaffe
21
Q
describe operation Barbarossa
A
June 22, 1941- Spring 1942
- code name for German invasion of the Soviet Union
- off guard, soviets burned all they had that the nazis could use
22
Q
what happened on September 8th, 1941 during operation Barbarossa?
A
hitler laid siege to Leningrad, but the city refused to surrender
23
Q
what happened on October 2nd, 1941 during operation Barbarossa?
A
- troops in Moscow
- soviets launch counter offense
- the day was a failure
24
describe the Mediterranean
- Mussolini attempts to take control of Mediterranean region
- British launch counter offense and successfully lush Italians to Libya
- German general Erwin Rommel arrives(leader of afrika korps) (earned name "desert fox")
- British caught off guard
- devastating loss for allies
25
why did the us decide to stay isolated?
- us citizens felt like they we're dragged into ww1
- citizens felt they should concentrate on domestic problems
- congress passed neutrality acts in 1930s to prevent us from taking sides
26
describe Pearl Harbor
- US. cuts off oil supply to japan because of aggressiveness in Asia
- japan retaliates: Dec. 7, 1941
- Japanese planes bombed US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
- damaged/sank 8 battleships, destroyed 200 planes, 2,400 troops killed
- pulled US into war
27
describe the Japanese internment camps
- Japanese Americans we're forced to move to war relocation camps by order of Roosevelt
- executive order 9066, issued feb 14, 1942
28
what we're the two Japanese war camps in ar?
Jerome
| Rohuer
29
name the three German POW camps in AR
-camp Robinson
-camp Chaffee
-camp Dermott
23,000 people we're sent to these POW camps
they we're used used by farmer who faced labor shortages
30
describe the Doolittle raid
- April 18, 1942
- lieutenant colonel Doolittle bombs Tokyo and 4 other cities
- significance- proved US was capable of striking back, boosted US morale
- Japanese Klee 250,000 Chinese civilians looking for doolittles men
31
describe midway island attack
- June 4-7, 1942
- key US airfield on midway island
- admiral Charles Nimitz broke japan code and knew of attack, launching counter attack
- we destroyed planes still on decks of aircraft carriers from japan
- significance: turned the tide on the war in the pacific,, allies now took offensive side
32
what did the war production board do in America?
directed manufacture of wartime supplies
33
what was the office of scientific research and development?
- manhattan project
- improved radar + sonar
- penicillin
34
what was Stalingrad?
a major industrial center by the Volga River
- attacked by Germans, soviets launched counter offensive, trapping Germans inside the city
- soviets cut off all supplies from the Germans
- 90,000 of the 330,000 survived
- significance: Germany now on defensive side (retreating westward)
35
what strategy did the Big 3 create that the allies used?
- put Germany on defensive
- attack North Africa
- invade Europe
- defeat japan in pacific
36
what was the North Africa campaign and operation torch?
- US lands in Moraco and Algeria under command of general Dwight D Eisenhower
- crush rommels forces between allies
- afrika korps defeated in May 1943
- significance: provided a clear base from which allies could invade Italy
- Tuskegee airmen
37
what was the invasion of Italy?
- allied forces attack and capture island of Sicily
- Mussolini removed from power
- Italy surrenders
- significance: German troops began retreating northward
38
what was the Teheran conference?
- November 26, 1943
- held in Teheran, Iran
- meeting of the "big 3"
- Franklin Roosevelt
- Winston Churchill
- Josef Stalin
- developed a plan to start another front of France
39
describe D-Day
- June 6, 1944
- allied invasion of Europe
- code name: operation overload
- largest land/sea/air attack in history, led by general Eisenhower
- allied forces fought their way into 60 mile stretch of beach in Normandy France, they secured the beaches by the end of the day
- significance: Germany retreats eastward
40
what was the battle of the bulge?
- dec 6, 1944
- last major German offensive
- hitler tries to divide allied troops, makes a "bulge"
- allied forces counter attack and force German retreat
41
what was the yalta conference?
- feb 4, 1945
- second wartime conference of the Big 3
- discusses what to do about post-war world
42
VE DAY
- allied troops push Germans into Germany
- may 8, 1945
- victory in Europe
- Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender from German military
- surrender officially signed in Berlin
43
what was island hopping?
- establishing a line of overlapping island bases
- capture certain key islands, one after another until japan is within reach
- commander of allied forces jn pacific: Douglas MacArthur
44
what we're kamikaze?
- japan suicide planes with allied ships as their target
| - showed Japanese valued national honor more than individual life
45
what was the Bataan death march?
-japan forces march of over 50 miles where the japs treaties their captives to terrible cruelties, killing 16,000 of the 70,000-75,000
46
describe Americas attack of Iwo Jima
- feb-March 1945
- island part of japan
- 8 sq. miles and heavily fortified, us troops fought for every inch
47
describe Americas attack if Okinawa
- April-June 1945
- one of the bloodiest battles on land
- highest number of deaths in pacific theater since ww1
- japan lost over 100,000 troops killed or captured, America losing 50,000
48
who we're the code talkers?
- Navajo native Americans
- native language- unwritten and complex
- took part in every assault the US marines conducted in pacific from 1942-1945
- only code unbroken
49
describe the atomic bomb
- president Harry Truman wanted to end the war quick
| - he ordered Japan's surrender of face a "rain of ruin from the air"
50
what was the Ebola gay?
- Boeing B-29 "super fortress"
- it dropped both bombs
- Hiroshima: August 6, 1945
- Nagasaki: August 9, 1945
51
VJ DAY!
- September 2, 1945
- Japanese officially surrender unconditionally
- ceremony held at USS Missouri
52
the cost of the war
- 50 million people died
- Germany left the war a devastated country
- demilitarization of Germany and japan
53
what we're the Nuremberg trials?
Germany and Japanese politicians and general we're out on trial for war crimes
54
what was the Marshall plan?
-US secretary of state George Marshall offered economic aid to European countries regardless of what side try we're on
55
describe the actions taken post-war in japan
- MacArthur put in charge of re-stabilizing japan
| - by 1951 they had a new constitution, all adults we're granted suffrage, and strategic economic policies we're in place
56
what we're the long term effects of ww2?
- formation of United Nations
- rise of US and USSR as two new superpowers
- beginning of the Cold War
57
what was walnut ridge in Arkansas?
- located in Lawrence county
- home of an army flying school
- currently a museum and baptist college
58
describe the willawaw war
- conflict between US and Japanese troops in Aleution islands
- AR nations guard we're mobilized and served in this conflict
59
what does "willawaw" mean?
sudden wind, rain, snow, and fog
60
who was Maurice "footsie" Britt?
- served in North Africa and Italy
- awarded the congressional Medal of Honor
- later serves as lieutenant governor
61
who was William Darby?
- helped the Army Ranger Battalion
- used secret tactics to surprise and defeat enemy troops
- his men known as "Darby's rangers"
62
who was Paul Douglas?
- from Greene county
| - one of the most highly decorated fighter pilots
63
who was Pierce McKinnon?
- famous flying ace from Clarksville
| - shot down more than 20 enemy aircraft
64
who was Woodrow W. Crockett?
-served as Tuskegee airman
