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social studies 4th 9 Weeks > Cold/Korean/Vietnam Wars Test > Flashcards

Cold/Korean/Vietnam Wars Test Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the Cold War?

A
  • lasted from 1945 to early 1990s

- a conflict and period of distrust and tension between Soviet Union and United States

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2
Q

what happened during the yalta conference?

A
  • Big 3 met, goals set
    1. provide world peace
    2. provide emergency relief for relief
    3. help from interim governments based on the will of Europe
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3
Q

what we’re the outcomes if the yalta conference goals?

A
  • split into 4 parts controlled by allies (zones of occupation)
  • pay damages to USSR
  • Eastern European countries could have free elections
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4
Q

after ww2, nations around the world gathered and did what?

A
  • formed the UN
  • formed by US, Soviet Union, and Great Britain
  • voluntary organization dedicated to finding peaceful ways to end conflict
  • based in New York
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5
Q

what was the security council?

A
  • has power to investigate and settle disputers
  • 5 permanent members: US, Soviets, Britain, France, and China
  • 10 non permanent members elected for two year terms
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6
Q

what we’re the goals of the us for the Cold War?

A
  • democracy
  • gain access to raw materials/markets for industry
  • rebuild European governments to promote stability
  • reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase security in Europe
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7
Q

what we’re the goals of the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

A
  • communism
  • rebuild soviet economy using eastern europes raw materials/equipment
  • control Eastern Europe to protect soviet borders
  • keep Germany divided to prevent another war
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8
Q

what happened soon after the creation of the UN?

A

Soviet Union installed communist governments all around Europe

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9
Q

what happened to our allies in ww2 in the Cold War?

A

they became our enemies

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10
Q

how was Germany split?

A
  • east Germany- zone held by USSR(communist)
  • west Germany- zone held by allies(democratic)
  • Germany’s Capitol, Berlin, was also split (Berlin Wall)
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11
Q

what was the iron curtain?

A

division of democratic west Europe between a communist Eastern Europe

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12
Q

describe the Berlin airlift

A
  • soviets cut off highway, water, rail-traffic, and electricity off to secure West Berlin
  • Stalin thought allies would surrender
  • planes landed every 3 minutes in Berlin to drop off gifts and supplies
  • allies bright 2.3 million tons of gifts to Berlin
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13
Q

what was NATO?

A
  • North Atlantic treaty organization

- ten Western European nations, US, and Canada

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14
Q

what was the Warsaw Pact?

A

-made up of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe communist countries

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15
Q

describe the Berlin Wall construction

A

a barbed wire border was constructed in 1962 to prevent east and west Berliners from traveling back and forth

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16
Q

what was the red scare?

A

fear of foreign communists influencing society or involved in the federal government

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17
Q

describe McCarthyism

A
  • most famous examples include the speeches, investigations, and hearings of senator McCarthy
  • thousands of Americans we’re accused of being communists or communist sympathizers and were investigated and questioned by government or private industry commitees, like House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
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18
Q

what types of people were targets of McCarthyism?

A
  • government employees, those in entertainment (Hollywood blacklist), educators, and union activists
  • many suffered loss of employment, destruction of their careers, and imprisonment
  • most of these punishments came about through trial verdicts later overturned
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19
Q

what is McCarthyism?

A

the practice if making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard or evidence

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20
Q

what was the arms race?

A

competition between US and Soviet Union to develop more destructive weapons

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21
Q

what were some new weapons/technology in the Cold War?

A
  • hydrogen bomb
  • ballistic missiles
  • spy planes
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22
Q

what is Sputnik?

A
  • worlds largest artificial sattelite
  • launched by Russia
  • launch of Sputnik set off space race
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23
Q

describe the the US involvement in the space race

A
  • creates NASA

- launches Explorer 1 (first US sattelite)

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24
Q

how did Americans prepare for a nuclear war?

A
  • practice drills for nuclear bomb (DUCK AND COVER!!!)

- build fall-out shelters

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25
Q

describe the Cuban missile crisis

A

-1959- Fidel Castro overthrows Cuban gov and announces adoption of communism
-US cuts off all trade with Cuba
-1961- US launches invasion of the bay of pigs
-attempt to overthrow Castro failed
1962- soviets began building missiles aimed at US
October 1962- president JFK demanded soviets to remove missiles
-US and Soviets on brink of a nuclear war

26
Q

what was brinkmanship?

A
  • showing willingness to engage in war, on the brink of war
  • Soviet Union agreed to remove missiles
  • US agrees to leave Cuba alone
27
Q

what is “war by proxy”?

A
  • opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly
  • used in..Korean + Vietnam Wars, and the Cuban missile crisis
28
Q

describe the occupation of North Korea before the Korean War began

A
  • in 1945, Korea was occupied by soviets in the north and Americans in the south
  • line that was chosen to separated was the same one japan and Russia had used
  • called 38th parallel
29
Q

why was Kim il Sung important?

A
  • early 1946- soviets chose him to lead the provisional government
  • named the premier of the democratic peoples Republic of Korea
30
Q

what happened under Kim’s rule? (NK)

A
  • over 2 million acres of land we’re redistributed in a month
  • women we’re guaranteed equality under law
  • political action groups formed to educate population
  • North Korea became economically stronger
31
Q

what happened on the brink of the Korean War?

A
  • president syngman rheel (South Korea) started brutal campaign against suspected communists
  • Kim (North Korea) turned to Stalin for support
  • Stalin advised him to get support from nlao zedong
32
Q

what were the causes of the Korean War in the US?

A
  • Truman wanted to show off power and wealth
  • Domino effect- belief that if one country fell to communism, rest would follow
  • Truman doctoring stated that the USA would lend aid to any country not wishing to be suppressed by communism
33
Q

what were the causes of war for the Soviet Union?

A
  1. Stalin wanted to prove strength after Berlin airlift

2. Stalin encouraged spread of communism as long as it did not result in war with US

34
Q

what did Douglas MacArthur do when North Korea invaded South Korea?

A

-effectively cut the North Korean army in half and pushed them out

35
Q

describe MASH units

A
  • Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals
  • designed to get experienced personnel to the front
  • if a person could reach a MASH unit, they stood a 97% of survival
  • increased survival rate by 80%
36
Q

describe how china enters the Korean War

A
  • UN forces cross 38th parallel and approach Yalu river and border of china
  • Mao Zedong did not tolerate foreign forces on Chinese border
  • Chinese send 180,000 of people’s volunteer army and pushed UN forces out
37
Q

describe the Korean War armistice

A
  • July 27, 1953
  • end warfare in Korea until a permanent peace is achieved
  • provided stop of open hostiles, fixed demarcation line with 2.4 mile buffer zone- the demilitarization zone
  • Korea is still split
38
Q

describe the impact of French indochina on the Vietnam war

A
  • Vietnam was apart of French colony (Cambodia and Laos)
  • France grew economically but Vietnam suffered greatly
  • Vietnamese people wanted independence
39
Q

who is Ho Chi Minh?

A
  • revolutionary communist leader
  • called for independence in Vietnam
  • organized protests against French rule
40
Q

what was the viet Minh?

A
  • communist organization
  • formed during ww2
  • purpose was to make Vietnam independent of all foreign rule
  • led by ho chi Minh
  • August 1945- Ho Chi Minh declared independence for Vietnam
  • France soon tried to regain control if Vietnam
  • 1946- war broke out between the Vietminh and France
41
Q

describe how the us enters Vietnam war conflicts

A
  • containment policy
  • domino theory
  • US needs French to help opposing Soviet Union in Europe
  • 1950- US have $10 million in military aid to France
42
Q

what were the Geneva accords?

A
  • may 1954
  • held in Geneva, Switzerland
  • divided Vietnam along 12th parallel
  • DMZ surrounded border
  • meant to be temporary (2 years-1956)
  • north and south would hold elections for a single government
  • reunite the country
43
Q

how was Vietnam divided?

A
  • north Vietnam- communist, led by Ho Chi Minh

- south Vietnam- anti communist, led by Ngo dinh diem

44
Q

what happened when it came time for the national election in Vietnam?

A

1956- diem refused to hold national election

  • he had little support from south Vietnamese
  • he knew he was going to lose
45
Q

who was viet cong?

A
  • Vietnamese communist in south Vietnam

- fought to overthrow government and unite country under communism

46
Q

describe the Ho Chi Minh trial

A
  • viet cong supported Ho chi Minh and north Vietnamese people
  • created network of paths used to move solider sand supplies to viet cong
  • went through parts of Laos and Cambodia
47
Q

how does the diem government fail?

A
  • opposition to diem grows
  • military overthrows and assassinates diem
  • south Vietnamese go into chaos
  • by late 1964, Vietcong and Vietminh control much of south Vietnam
48
Q

describe the conflict at the gulf of Tonkin

A
  • August 2-4, 1964
  • north Vietnamese attacked USS Maddox patrolling the gulf of Tonkin
  • gulf of Tonkin is considered international waters
  • congress passes the gulf of Tonkin resolution, which allows the president power to use military force in Vietnam
49
Q

describe the escalation in the war

A
  • march 1965
  • president Johnson began sending combat troops to Vietnam
  • general westmoreland continued to ask for more troops
50
Q

how was the Vietnam war a “frustrating war”?

A
  • limited warfare (the US didn’t want to involve china)
  • most solider a we’re young and inexperienced
  • no definite frontlines
  • enemy mixed with civilians, they attacked everywhere using Guerilla warfare
  • suffocating heat, constant rain, tangled jungles, flooded rice paddies
51
Q

describe the tet offensive

A
  • jan 30-31, 1968
  • tet- Vietnamese new year
  • Vietminh and Vietcong launch surprise attack on south
  • attacked major cities and killed soldiers, gov officials, docs, etc
  • well planned attack, hiding their weapons and dressing as civilians
  • major turning point- many thought us couldn’t win
  • military defeat for north vietnam
52
Q

what was agent orange?

A
  • chemical weapon that destroys jungles
  • helped destroy hideouts and food of Vietcong
  • many Vietnamese and US soldiers we’re harmed by exposure
53
Q

what was NAPALM?

A

jellies gasoline used to burn

54
Q

describe how US hunts Vietcong

A
  • burned/bombed buildings thought to be sheltering them
  • terrorized Vietnamese people
  • only a temporary solution, Vietcong would come back
55
Q

what kinds of Americans opposed the Vietnam war?

A

teachers, religious leaders, students, journalists

56
Q

who were the doves? (Vietnam war)

A

those who opposed the war

57
Q

who were the hawks? (Vietnam war)

A

those who supported the war

58
Q

describe Vietnamization

A
  • July 1969
  • strategy announced by president Nixon
  • gradual withdrawal of troops
  • slowly turned fighting over to south Vietnamese
59
Q

what was the legacy of the Vietnam war for Vietnam?

A
  • more than 1.2 million Vietnamese died
  • US bombing and chemical spraying caused lasting damage to farmland and forests
  • Vietnam remains communist
60
Q

what was the legacy of the Vietnam war for Americans?

A
  • 58,000 died
  • 300,000 wounded
  • troops sent home faced nightmares and stress related problems
  • returned home to a country who treated them coldly
61
Q

what did the 28th amendment state?

A

lowered voting age from 21 to 18, if old enough to be drafted, old enough to vote

62
Q

what was the war powers act?

A
  • limited presidents war making powers

- showed that US were willing to get involved in overseas wars

social studies 4th 9 Weeks (12 decks)

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