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History > world war ii - pt 2 > Flashcards

world war ii - pt 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fighting in Russia

A

Red Army suffered defeats

Russians adopted scorched earth policy - destroyed anything of use to Germans as they retreated

October - rain - roads into sea of mud

Germans not prep for extreme temps + no winter clothing

Counter-attack - Moscow saved

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2
Q

Us enters the war

A

Japan attacked main US Pacific base @ Pearl Harbour

Japan wanted empire in Asia

USA - led President Roosevelt - entered war (against Jap + Germ.)

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3
Q

Major turning points in WW II

A

Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of El Alamein

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4
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A 
What happened
When
Involved
Where
Result
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5
Q

Battle of Stalingrad - what happened

A

Capture Stalingrad (Stalin’s name)

Red Army (General Zhukov) - counterattack

Nov 1942 - Operation Uranus - trapped Sixth Army (Gen. Paulus)

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6
Q

Battle of Stalingrad - when

A

Uranus - Nov 19, 1942

Surrender (Paulus) - Feb 1943

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7
Q

Battle of Stalingrad - involved

A

Sixth Army (Gen. Zhukov)

Red Army (Gen. Paulus)

Hitler + Stalin

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8
Q

Battle of Stalingrad - where

A

Stalingrad - south USSR

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9
Q

Battle of Stalingrad - results

A

Germans lost army of 300,000

Turning point

Confidence boost for Russians

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10
Q

Battle of El Alamein

A 
What happened
When
Involved
Where
Results
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11
Q

Battle of El Alamein -What happened

A

Afrika Corps (Gen. Rommel) sent to N. Africa - help Italians

1942 - reached El Alamein in Egypt - advanced halted

British Eight Army (Gen. Bernard Montgomery) - prepared attack

October - attacked w/ Sherman Tanks + 200,000 men

Rommel defeated

Ameri + Brit troops landed in Algeria + Morocco

Germans retreated –> Tunisia

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12
Q

Battle of El Alamein -When

A

Oct 1942

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13
Q

Battle of El Alamein - involved

A

Afrika Corps (Gen. Rommel)

Brit. Eight Army (Gen. Bernard Montgomery)

American + British troops

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14
Q

Battle of El Alamein - where

A

El Alamein in Egypt

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15
Q

Battle of El Alamein - results

A

Rommel defeated

Germans retreated to Tunisia

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16
Q

The tide turns

A

May 1943 - Ger + Ita troops @ N. Africa surrender

Mussolini removed from power

Allies won war at sea - breaking of German codes

Eastern Front - Ger. launched offensive. Red Army won + Ger. retreat

17
Q

D-Day

A

Operation Overlord (Allies) land at Normandy - organised secret

Deception operation - happen near Calais

Invasion force (Gen. Eisentower)

Five beaches - codenames Utah, Omaha, Juno, Gold, Sword

Special tanks (funnies) - destroy beach defences

June 6 1944

156,000 soldiers landed, 10,000 planes

Fighting difficult. Countryside - Allies destroyed Main German army

Paris liberated

18
Q

Defeat of the Germans + Germany surrenders

A

Ger. put faith in new weapons - little impact

Soviet troops few hundred metres away - Hitler committed suicide

Succeeded by Admiral Donitz - surrendered to Allies

19
Q

Why did Allies win the war?

A

1) Allies - more tanks, planes, artillery
2) Germany - too many enemies. Attacked by US + Brit in West, Sov. Un. in East
3) Too reliant on tactics - not prepared for harsh winter conditions
4) Allies radar - superior - cracked German codes
5) Tactical errors - eg. refusing surrender @ Stalingrad
6) Underestimated Sov Un strength + resilience of Brit. population
7) Mussolini’s fight for land in N. Africa failed - rescue by Hitler
8) Allies won victory in air - Luftwaffe fighting in air instead of protecting troops on ground
9) Entry of USA to war (Pearl Harbour) - moral boost + brought troops + arms
10) Churchill - British PM - experience defeating Ger + winning wars
11) Japs relied kamikaze pilots to fight US. Ran out of pilots.
12) Atomic bomb overwhelmed Japan - automatic surrender

20
Q

The final solution

A 
What happened
How did Hitler deal with the Jews
Where
Who
When
Results
21
Q

The final solution - what happened

A

Nazis decided to kill Europe’s jewish population (11 mil)

22
Q

The final solution - How did Hitler deal with the Jews)

A

Jews moved from ghettos by train - extermination camps - Auschwitz, Mahdanek, Teblinka

Gassed in fake shower units (gas chambers)
- Zyklon B gas. Bodies burned

Able-bodied - worked until murdered/died of disease. Some prisoners - medical experiments

23
Q

The final solution - where

A

Ghettos - Warsaw Ghetto

Extermination camps - Auschwitz, Majdanek, Treblinka

24
Q

The final solution - who

A

Hitler
Jews in Europe, Roma (gypsies), Poles+ Russian war prisoners killed
Heinrich Himmler - in charge of FS policy

25
Q

The final solution - when

A

1942

26
Q

The final solution - results

A

6 mil. jews perished

1 mil died Auschwitz

After-war - Nazi leaders persecuted at Nuremberg
-Himmler, Goering, Goebbels committed suicide

27
Q

invasion of Russia

A

Hitler - attack USSR

Assembled largest invasion force

  • 3 mil soldiers, 4000 tanks
  • separate armies - Army Groups North, Centre, South

Codenamed Operation Barbarossa

Russia - surprise

28
Q

Why they decided to kill the Jews

A

Hitler hated Jews

Too expensive to keep them in camps

Allowed for lebensraum

29
Q

War in the pacific

A

Pearl Harbour attack - Dec 1941 - war w/ USA + Britain

Turning point - Battle of Midway (June 1942)

US navy sank 4 Jap. aircraft carriers

30
Q

The atomic bomb

A

Japan invasion - could result in hundreds of thousands of US soldier deaths

Another option - Operation Manhattan - scientists developed atomic bonbc

New US president - Harry Truman - decided to drop on Jap - surrender

Aug 1945 - dropped Hiroshima + Nagasaki - (destroyed)
Hiroshima - 90,000 killed instantly

Jap. surrendered - WWII over

31
Q

Results of the war

A

E. Europe - communist + USSR controlled

Germany’s defeat - US + USSR most powerful. Period of tension - Cold War

Brit + France very weak, Large empires in Africa + Asia - decolonisation

Closer European cooperation - foundation of EEC

History (27 decks)

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