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History > Age of Exploration > Flashcards

Age of Exploration Flashcards

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0
Q

Caravel

A

Small, fast, ships copied from the arabs.

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1
Q

Causes of the age of exploration

A

1- Search for a new trade route to the East.

2- Desire to spread Christianity.

3- Improvements in shipbuilding and navigation.

4- The Renaissance led to improvements in mapmaking.

5- Myths and legends.

6- Rulers wanted wealth and to build an empire.

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2
Q

Carrick/Nabs(naos?)

A

Larger ship with both square and lateen sails.

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3
Q

Astrolobe

A

Measured angle of the sun (latitude)

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4
Q

Compass

A

Measured direction

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5
Q

Log and line

A

Measured speed.

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6
Q

Captain

A

in charge of the ship

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7
Q

first mate

A

assists the captain.

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8
Q

hardtack

A

biscuit eaten by sailors. usually infected with beetles.

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9
Q

scurvy

A

disease caused by a lack of vitamin c

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10
Q

dysentery

A

disease caused by drinking infected water.

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11
Q

Cortes and the Aztecs

A

Cortes welcomed by the Aztec ruler Montezuma. Cortes took him hostage.

Aztecs rose up after Spanish troops massacred Aztecs at religious cermony.

Cortes forced to flee after murdering Montezuma.

He destroyed city after coming back with larger force. Cortes built Mexico city on ruins.

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12
Q

Differences between the map of today and map in the Age of Exploration

A

Thought more land and less seas back then.

Didn’t think the earth was round.

Some seas and places had different names.

They didn’t realise there were more seas.

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13
Q

Foods Europe got from the New World

A 
Chocolate (cocoa beans)
turkeys
pineapples
corn
tobacco
chilli peppers
vanilla
potatoes.
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14
Q

Pizarro and the Incas

A

After Cortes’ victory over Aztecs, Pizarro given permission to conquer Inca Empire.

1531 - set sail to conquer Incas with only 180 men.

He captured emperor Atahualpa. Atahualpa offered room filled with gold and silver. Pizarro accepted, still killed him - might start rebellion.

After Pizarro captured Inca capital, founded city of Lima. Pizarro killed in dispute in 1541.

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15
Q

Goods and animals the New World got from Europe.

A

Tea (grown in Asia), cotton, pigs, sheep, horses, wheat, cattle, coffee, sugar canes, goat.

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16
Q

Around when did the age of exploration begin?

A

around 1400

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17
Q

who controlled the spice trade route?

A

the muslims

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18
Q

why did they want to find a new trade route into asia?

A

taxes by muslim rulers were high

often at war with christians in Europe, which cut off the trade.

19
Q

what were the spices in demand?

A

Cinnamon from china
nutmeg and cloves from the spice islands
pepper from india

20
Q

what were the spices used for

A

cure diseases
preserve food
flavour food to hide the taste of rotten meat

21
Q

what did they believe cloves, nutmeg and peppers cured?

A

cloves - relieved earache and toothache

nutmeg - chesty coughs and the plague

peppers - common cold

22
Q

what did quadrants and cross staffs used for

A

measure latitude

23
Q

how did the renaissance affect the age of exploration

A

mapmaking became more accurate

many people inspired to find out how big the world really was

24
Q

myths and legends

A

prester john christian king in africa

stories of great wealth that existed in africa and america

el dorado in south america

fountain of youth

25
Q

life on board for the sailors

A

captain and first mate

sailors ate cheese, onions, dried beans, salted fish or recently caught fish

hardtack - infested with beatles

scurvy

dysentry

water stored in barrels, went bad in long voyages.

26
Q

dangers crews faced

A

disease
storms - shipwreck and drowning
hostile natives
thirst and hunger

27
Q

impact of Portuguese exploration

A

discovered sea route into the east

improved knowledge of the coast of africa

established trade links with african rulers and brought goods and slaves back to europe

broke muslim control of the spice trad

28
Q

name a conquistador

A

francisco pizarro

29
Q

how discoveries changed the european view of the world

A

improvement in mapmaking

proved world was round

coastline of africa was known

vast ocean called the pacific separated asia and america

new sea route to east and spice islands

30
Q

impact on the natives

A

forced to become christians

growth of slave trade

lost lands

spread of diseases

31
Q

the slave trade

A

goods traded for slaves from europe to africa

middle passage had slaves transported from africa to the new world

ships returned to europe with goods produced using slaves

32
Q

conflicts between european powers

A

treaty of todesillas divided unknown world between spain and portugal

the french and english were rivals in the caribbeans

dutch conquered many Portuguese colonies.

33
Q

conquistador

A

A conqueror.

34
Q

Aztec

A

An empire that consisted of American Indian people

35
Q

Inca

A

A large empire that was located in Peru

36
Q

Colony

A

A country controlled by a more powerful country

37
Q

Plantation

A

Large farms where slaves grew crops such as sugar and tobacco

38
Q

smallpox

A

a disease similar to chickenpox but far more serious

39
Q

slave trade

A

the transporting and selling of human beings as slaves. (from Africa –> America)

40
Q

Treaty of tordesillas

A

A treaty to divide the unknown world between Spain and Portugal

41
Q

New World

A

Name given to the land discovered by Christopher Columbus (Modern day America)

42
Q

Mutiny

A

When the crew disobeys the captain and takes over the ship.

43
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)

A
  • conquered town of Ceuta, a Muslim stronghold in Morocco.
  • found out about the riches of Africa. He believed in ‘river of gold’ -could apparently bring untold wealth.
  • wanted to spread Christianity, wanted to find ‘Prester John,’ a Christian king in Africa.
  • He set up school for exploration at Sagres on the southern tip of Portugal.
  • brought together mapmakes, navigators, sailors and shipbuilders.
  • Henry’s voyages opened up trade links with African rulers. Gold and slaves began arriving in Portugal.
  • By the time of death, over 2400 kilometres of the African coastline mapped, making Portugal lead in the Age of Explorarion.
44
Q

Portolan charts

A

Maps made of the coastlines on voyages of discovery.

History (27 decks)

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