Age of Exploration Flashcards by J J

Caravel

Small, fast, ships copied from the arabs.

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Causes of the age of exploration

1- Search for a new trade route to the East.

2- Desire to spread Christianity.

3- Improvements in shipbuilding and navigation.

4- The Renaissance led to improvements in mapmaking.

5- Myths and legends.

6- Rulers wanted wealth and to build an empire.

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Carrick/Nabs(naos?)

Larger ship with both square and lateen sails.

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Astrolobe

Measured angle of the sun (latitude)

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Compass

Measured direction

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Log and line

Measured speed.

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Captain

in charge of the ship

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first mate

assists the captain.

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hardtack

biscuit eaten by sailors. usually infected with beetles.

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scurvy

disease caused by a lack of vitamin c

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dysentery

disease caused by drinking infected water.

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Cortes and the Aztecs

Cortes welcomed by the Aztec ruler Montezuma. Cortes took him hostage.

Aztecs rose up after Spanish troops massacred Aztecs at religious cermony.

Cortes forced to flee after murdering Montezuma.

He destroyed city after coming back with larger force. Cortes built Mexico city on ruins.

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Differences between the map of today and map in the Age of Exploration

Thought more land and less seas back then.

Didn’t think the earth was round.

Some seas and places had different names.

They didn’t realise there were more seas.

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Foods Europe got from the New World

Chocolate (cocoa beans)
turkeys
pineapples
corn
tobacco
chilli peppers
vanilla
potatoes.

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Pizarro and the Incas

After Cortes’ victory over Aztecs, Pizarro given permission to conquer Inca Empire.

1531 - set sail to conquer Incas with only 180 men.

He captured emperor Atahualpa. Atahualpa offered room filled with gold and silver. Pizarro accepted, still killed him - might start rebellion.

After Pizarro captured Inca capital, founded city of Lima. Pizarro killed in dispute in 1541.

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Goods and animals the New World got from Europe.

Tea (grown in Asia), cotton, pigs, sheep, horses, wheat, cattle, coffee, sugar canes, goat.

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Around when did the age of exploration begin?

around 1400

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who controlled the spice trade route?

the muslims

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why did they want to find a new trade route into asia?

taxes by muslim rulers were high

often at war with christians in Europe, which cut off the trade.

what were the spices in demand?

Cinnamon from china
nutmeg and cloves from the spice islands
pepper from india

what were the spices used for

cure diseases
preserve food
flavour food to hide the taste of rotten meat

what did they believe cloves, nutmeg and peppers cured?

cloves - relieved earache and toothache

nutmeg - chesty coughs and the plague

peppers - common cold

what did quadrants and cross staffs used for

measure latitude

how did the renaissance affect the age of exploration

mapmaking became more accurate

many people inspired to find out how big the world really was

myths and legends

prester john christian king in africa stories of great wealth that existed in africa and america el dorado in south america fountain of youth

life on board for the sailors

captain and first mate sailors ate cheese, onions, dried beans, salted fish or recently caught fish hardtack - infested with beatles scurvy dysentry water stored in barrels, went bad in long voyages.

dangers crews faced

disease storms - shipwreck and drowning hostile natives thirst and hunger

impact of Portuguese exploration

discovered sea route into the east improved knowledge of the coast of africa established trade links with african rulers and brought goods and slaves back to europe broke muslim control of the spice trad

name a conquistador

francisco pizarro

how discoveries changed the european view of the world

improvement in mapmaking proved world was round coastline of africa was known vast ocean called the pacific separated asia and america new sea route to east and spice islands

impact on the natives

forced to become christians growth of slave trade lost lands spread of diseases

the slave trade

goods traded for slaves from europe to africa middle passage had slaves transported from africa to the new world ships returned to europe with goods produced using slaves

conflicts between european powers

treaty of todesillas divided unknown world between spain and portugal the french and english were rivals in the caribbeans dutch conquered many Portuguese colonies.

conquistador

A conqueror.

Aztec

An empire that consisted of American Indian people

Inca

A large empire that was located in Peru

Colony

A country controlled by a more powerful country

Plantation

Large farms where slaves grew crops such as sugar and tobacco

smallpox

a disease similar to chickenpox but far more serious

slave trade

the transporting and selling of human beings as slaves. (from Africa --> America)

Treaty of tordesillas

A treaty to divide the unknown world between Spain and Portugal

New World

Name given to the land discovered by Christopher Columbus (Modern day America)

Mutiny

When the crew disobeys the captain and takes over the ship.

Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)

- conquered town of Ceuta, a Muslim stronghold in Morocco. - found out about the riches of Africa. He believed in 'river of gold' -could apparently bring untold wealth. - wanted to spread Christianity, wanted to find 'Prester John,' a Christian king in Africa. - He set up school for exploration at Sagres on the southern tip of Portugal. - brought together mapmakes, navigators, sailors and shipbuilders. - Henry's voyages opened up trade links with African rulers. Gold and slaves began arriving in Portugal. - By the time of death, over 2400 kilometres of the African coastline mapped, making Portugal lead in the Age of Explorarion.

Portolan charts

Maps made of the coastlines on voyages of discovery.