Age of Exploration Flashcards
Caravel
Small, fast, ships copied from the arabs.
Causes of the age of exploration
1- Search for a new trade route to the East.
2- Desire to spread Christianity.
3- Improvements in shipbuilding and navigation.
4- The Renaissance led to improvements in mapmaking.
5- Myths and legends.
6- Rulers wanted wealth and to build an empire.
Carrick/Nabs(naos?)
Larger ship with both square and lateen sails.
Astrolobe
Measured angle of the sun (latitude)
Compass
Measured direction
Log and line
Measured speed.
Captain
in charge of the ship
first mate
assists the captain.
hardtack
biscuit eaten by sailors. usually infected with beetles.
scurvy
disease caused by a lack of vitamin c
dysentery
disease caused by drinking infected water.
Cortes and the Aztecs
Cortes welcomed by the Aztec ruler Montezuma. Cortes took him hostage.
Aztecs rose up after Spanish troops massacred Aztecs at religious cermony.
Cortes forced to flee after murdering Montezuma.
He destroyed city after coming back with larger force. Cortes built Mexico city on ruins.
Differences between the map of today and map in the Age of Exploration
Thought more land and less seas back then.
Didn’t think the earth was round.
Some seas and places had different names.
They didn’t realise there were more seas.
Foods Europe got from the New World
Chocolate (cocoa beans) turkeys pineapples corn tobacco chilli peppers vanilla potatoes.
Pizarro and the Incas
After Cortes’ victory over Aztecs, Pizarro given permission to conquer Inca Empire.
1531 - set sail to conquer Incas with only 180 men.
He captured emperor Atahualpa. Atahualpa offered room filled with gold and silver. Pizarro accepted, still killed him - might start rebellion.
After Pizarro captured Inca capital, founded city of Lima. Pizarro killed in dispute in 1541.
Goods and animals the New World got from Europe.
Tea (grown in Asia), cotton, pigs, sheep, horses, wheat, cattle, coffee, sugar canes, goat.
Around when did the age of exploration begin?
around 1400
who controlled the spice trade route?
the muslims
why did they want to find a new trade route into asia?
taxes by muslim rulers were high
often at war with christians in Europe, which cut off the trade.
what were the spices in demand?
Cinnamon from china
nutmeg and cloves from the spice islands
pepper from india
what were the spices used for
cure diseases
preserve food
flavour food to hide the taste of rotten meat
what did they believe cloves, nutmeg and peppers cured?
cloves - relieved earache and toothache
nutmeg - chesty coughs and the plague
peppers - common cold
what did quadrants and cross staffs used for
measure latitude
how did the renaissance affect the age of exploration
mapmaking became more accurate
many people inspired to find out how big the world really was
myths and legends
prester john christian king in africa
stories of great wealth that existed in africa and america
el dorado in south america
fountain of youth
life on board for the sailors
captain and first mate
sailors ate cheese, onions, dried beans, salted fish or recently caught fish
hardtack - infested with beatles
scurvy
dysentry
water stored in barrels, went bad in long voyages.
dangers crews faced
disease
storms - shipwreck and drowning
hostile natives
thirst and hunger
impact of Portuguese exploration
discovered sea route into the east
improved knowledge of the coast of africa
established trade links with african rulers and brought goods and slaves back to europe
broke muslim control of the spice trad
name a conquistador
francisco pizarro
how discoveries changed the european view of the world
improvement in mapmaking
proved world was round
coastline of africa was known
vast ocean called the pacific separated asia and america
new sea route to east and spice islands
impact on the natives
forced to become christians
growth of slave trade
lost lands
spread of diseases
the slave trade
goods traded for slaves from europe to africa
middle passage had slaves transported from africa to the new world
ships returned to europe with goods produced using slaves
conflicts between european powers
treaty of todesillas divided unknown world between spain and portugal
the french and english were rivals in the caribbeans
dutch conquered many Portuguese colonies.
conquistador
A conqueror.
Aztec
An empire that consisted of American Indian people
Inca
A large empire that was located in Peru
Colony
A country controlled by a more powerful country
Plantation
Large farms where slaves grew crops such as sugar and tobacco
smallpox
a disease similar to chickenpox but far more serious
slave trade
the transporting and selling of human beings as slaves. (from Africa –> America)
Treaty of tordesillas
A treaty to divide the unknown world between Spain and Portugal
New World
Name given to the land discovered by Christopher Columbus (Modern day America)
Mutiny
When the crew disobeys the captain and takes over the ship.
Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)
- conquered town of Ceuta, a Muslim stronghold in Morocco.
- found out about the riches of Africa. He believed in ‘river of gold’ -could apparently bring untold wealth.
- wanted to spread Christianity, wanted to find ‘Prester John,’ a Christian king in Africa.
- He set up school for exploration at Sagres on the southern tip of Portugal.
- brought together mapmakes, navigators, sailors and shipbuilders.
- Henry’s voyages opened up trade links with African rulers. Gold and slaves began arriving in Portugal.
- By the time of death, over 2400 kilometres of the African coastline mapped, making Portugal lead in the Age of Explorarion.
Portolan charts
Maps made of the coastlines on voyages of discovery.
