World War II, 1939-1945

Question 1

Who was the 32nd president of the U.S. and had to deal with the Great Depression and World WarII?

Answer 1

Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)

Question 2

What best describes American foreign policy between the years of the 1920s and 1930s?

Answer 2

Isolationism

Question 3

In 1932, this doctrine declared that the U.S. would not recognize territory acquired by force like the Japanese in Manchuria?

Answer 3

Stimson Doctrine (1932)

Question 4

In 1933, this conference was apart of F.D.R.s good neighbor policy. The U.S. pledged never again to intervene in the internal affairs of a Latin American country. Repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary.

Answer 4

Pan-American Conference (1933)

Question 5

In 1933, as apart of F.D.R.s good neighbor policy, the U.S. Congress nullified this amendment that the Cubans were forced to include in their constitution.

Answer 5

Platt Amendment

Question 6

In 1933, the U.S. finally recognized this country after Republican presidents had refused to do so. Roosevelt argued that it would increase trade.

Answer 6

Soviet Union

Question 7

In 1933, F.D.R. promised to give this country its independence in 1946 because it cost millions to governor this territory.

Answer 7

Philippines

Question 8

Name three fascist/militarists that rose to power in the 1930s?

Answer 8

1. Benito Mussolini - Italy
2. Adolf Hitler - Germany
3. Hideki Tojo - Japan

Question 9

In 1934, an isolationist group formed this committee in which they believed that it was best to stay out of foreign conflicts.

Answer 9

America First Committee (1934)

Question 10

In 1934, this committee headed by Senator Gerald Nye investigated and found that bankers and arms manufacturers did much to influence America’s entry into WWI. Strengthened the argument to stay out of European affairs.

Answer 10

Nye Committee (1934)

Question 11

Name two acts that displayed American isolationist policies.

Answer 11

1. Neutrality Act of 1935, prohibited arms sales and forbid U.S. citizens to travel on ships of belligerent nations.
2. Neutrality of 1936, forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents.

Question 12

What is the term for the idea of giving into an aggressor?

Answer 12

Appeasement

Question 13

List some acts of appeasement during the 1930s.

Answer 13

1931-Japan invades Manchuria
1935-Italty invades Ethiopia
1936-Hitler sends troops into Rhineland
1937-Japan invades China
1938-Hitler annexes Austria
1938-Hitler is given the Sudetenland
1939-Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia

Question 14

In 1938, which conference was the symbol of appeasement in which the leaders of Britain and France handed the Sudetenland over to Hitler.

Answer 14

Munich Conference (1938)

Question 15

In 1939, Hitler broke the Munich Conference agreement by occupying this country after he promised he would not.

Answer 15

Czechoslovakia (1939)

Question 16

In 1937, F.D.R. gave this speech where he called for the “quarantine” of aggressive nations. American citizens disagreed overwhelmingly and wanted to stay out of European affairs.

Answer 16

Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech (1937)

Question 17

In 1939, Stalin and Hitler made a promise not to attack each other for 10 years. They secretly agreed to split Poland between them. What was the name of this pact?

Answer 17

Nonaggression Pact (1939)

Question 18

What was the final act that started World War II in 1939?

Answer 18

Germany invades Poland (1939)

Question 19

In 1939, the U.S. attempted to loosen their isolationist polices by allowing a belligerent to buy U.S. arms if they used their own ships and paid cash. Strongly favored the British and French. What was this policy called?

Answer 19

“Cash and Carry” (1939)

Question 20

In 1940, this deal allowed for the U.S. to trade 50 older destroyers to the British for the right to build bases on British islands.

Answer 20

Destroyers-for-bases deal

Question 21

What tradition did F.D.R. break when he won the election of 1940?

Answer 21

George Washington’s two-term tradition

Question 22

What famous quote did F.D.R. tell the American people of why we needed to supply the British and French?

Answer 22

“We must be the great arsenal of democracy”

Question 23

In 1941, F.D.R. gave his Four Freedoms speech. What were the four freedoms that Roosevelt stated?

Answer 23

Freedom of speech.
Freedom of religion.
Freedom from want.
Freedom from fear.

Question 24

In 1941, the U.S. moved away from its “Cash and Carry” policy and allowed the British to purchase arms on credit. What act was passed that allowed this?

Answer 24

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

Question 25

In 1941, F.D.R. and Churchill secretly met to agree on peace objectives when the war ends. What did they agree on in their Atlantic Charter?

Answer 25

1. Self-determination for all people.
2. No territorial expansion.
3. Free trade.

Question 26

In 1941, F.D.R. ordered the Navy to attack all German ships on sight. This policy led to an undeclared naval war against Germany.

Answer 26

Shoot-on-sight (1941)

Question 27

In 1941, Japan invaded this French territory, which led the U.S. to cut off oil shipments to Japan.

Answer 27

French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)

Question 28

On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor and officially brought the U.S. into WWII?

Answer 28

December 7, 1941

Question 29

In 1941, Hitler breaks the Nonaggression Pact and invades which country? This invasion would give the U.S. and British a new ally in the fight against Germany.

Answer 29

Soviet Union

Question 30

In 1942, this was the secret code name given to the project to build the atomic bomb.

Answer 30

Manhattan Project (1942)

Question 31

In 1940, this act was passed that allowed a draft (conscription) of men between 21 and 35 to register for the military.

Answer 31

Selective Service Act (1940)

Question 32

In 1940, this council was created in order to rapidly convert factories over to war production.

Answer 32

Council for National Defense (1940)

Question 33

In 1942, this board was responsible for managing war industries.

Answer 33

War Production Board -WPD- (1942)

Question 34

In 1942, this office was responsible for controlling raw materials.

Answer 34

Office of War Mobilization -OWM- (1942)

Question 35

In 1942, this office was responsible for regulating almost every aspect of civilians’ lives by freeing prices, wages, and rationing goods such as coffee and gasoline.

Answer 35

Office of Price Administration -OPA- (1942)

Question 36

In 1942, the Fair Employment Practices Commission forbid discrimination in defense industries, which helped which group?

Answer 36

African Americans

Question 37

Why were unions upset during World War II?

Answer 37

Unions were angry that their wages were frozen, while corporations made large profits.

Question 38

What are three methods that the U.S. government used to finance the war?

Answer 38

1. Increaed the income tax.
2. Sold war bonds.
3. Revenue Act, which expanded the number of Americans who had to pay.

Question 39

In 1942, this civil rights organization was formed to prevent segregation and discrimination.

Answer 39

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Question 40

This originally occurred during WWI and happened again during WWII when millions of blacks left the South to look for jobs in the North and West. This event also led to race riots in New York and Detroit.

Answer 40

Great Migration

Question 41

What were Mexicans called when they were allowed to enter the U.S. during the harvest season.

Answer 41

Braceros

Question 42

Which riots broke out in Los Angeles, where whites and Mexican Americans battled on the streets.

Answer 42

Zoot Suit RIots

Question 43

In which court case did the Supreme Court upheld the U.S. government’s decision to place Japanese-Americans in internment camps?

Answer 43

Korematsu v. U.S.

Question 44

During WWII, women began to fill the vacated factories jobs left by men. Women worked in shipyards and defense plants earning them this nickname. Women still got paid less than men.

Answer 44

“Rosie the Riveter”

Question 45

This was the woman’s branch of the military where many women served as nurses.

Answer 45

WAAC (Women’s Army Auxiliary Crops)

Question 46

F.D.R. is elected for a fourth time in the election of 1944. He would die three months later, making who the 33rd president of the U.S.?

Answer 46

Pres. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

Question 47

In 1942, this Soviet victory turned the tide against the Germans.

Answer 47

Stalingrad (1942)

Question 48

In 1942, the allies had to win this battle in order to get supplies across the Atlantic. They used radar, sonar, and the convoy system.

Answer 48

Battle of the Atlantic (1942)

Question 49

In 1942, this U.S. victory was a turning against the Japanese in the Pacific.

Answer 49

Battle of Midway (Island) (1942)

Question 50

In 1942, this was the code name given to the allied invasion of North Africa and successful invasion of Italy.

Answer 50

Operation Torch (1942)

Question 51

In 1944, this was the code name given to the allied invasion of Europe. France was liberated two months later.

Answer 51

D-Day (Normandy, France) (1944)

Question 52

In 1944, this was the last German offensive.

Answer 52

Battle of the Bulge (1944)

Question 53

On May 7, 1945 the unconditional surrender of Germany caused many in Europe to declare what?

Answer 53

V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

Question 54

In 1945, the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on which two Japanese cities?

Answer 54

August 6 - Hiroshima

August 9 - Nagasaki

Question 55

What is the name given to the Nazi murder of 6 million Jews, which was apart of Hitler’s Final Solution.

Answer 55

Holocaust. This led to a flood of Jewish immigration to the United States.

Question 56

In 1943, this wartime conference occurred in Africa where F.D.R. and Churchill agreed to invade Sicily and would demand the unconditional surrender from the Axis powers.

Answer 56

Casablanca Conference (Africa) (1943)

Question 57

In 1943, this wartime conference occurred in Iran where the Big Three met for the first time. F.D.R., Churchill, Stalin discuss the liberation of France.

Answer 57

Tehran Conference (Iran) (1943)

Question 58

In 1945, the Big Three met at Yalta (Soviet Union) and there they agreed on these decisions for the outcome of WWII.

Answer 58

1. Germany divided into zones.
2. Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe, but would break his promise.
3. United Nations would be formed.

Question 59

In 1945, the Big Three (Truman this time) met at this conference in Germany and decided to hold war-crime trials for Nazi leaders.

Answer 59

Potsdam Conference (1945)

Question 60

This was a peacekeeping organization made up of 50 nations. The U.S. would be involved, unlike the failed League of Nations.

Answer 60

United Nations (1945)