Truman & Cold War, 1945-1952

Question 1

Who was the 33rd president of the U.S.? He oversaw the end to WWII and had to deal with the beginning of the Cold War.

Answer 1

Pres. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

Question 2

In 1944, the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was passed and provided 15 million veterans with low-interest loans to buy homes and farms. The government paid for GIs college eduction, which created a middle class. What is another name for this act?

Answer 2

GI Bill of Rights

Question 3

In 1945, this was the label given to the birth of 50 millions babies after World War II?

Answer 3

Baby Boom

Question 4

In 1945, a majority of middle-class Americans moved to these areas, which made inner cities increasingly poor and racially divided.

Answer 4

Suburbs (Suburbia)

Question 5

In 1946, Presiden Truman was the first to challenge racial discrimination by creating the Committee on Civil Rights. Where didTruman end discrimination?

Answer 5

Military (armed forces)

Question 6

This act was passed in 1947, which was pro-business and anti-union. Outlawed several union accomplishments.

Answer 6

Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

Question 7

Who were the Dixiecrats?

Answer 7

Souther Democrats who were against civil rights legislation.

Question 8

In 1949, President Truman proposed his Fair Deal. What was included in his Fair Deal? Republicans blocked most of these reforms.

Answer 8

1. Natoinal health care insurance
2. Federal aid to education
3. Civl rights legislation

Question 9

What is the term given to the intense rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union between the years of 1945-1991?

Answer 9

Cold War

Question 10

Describe U.S. and Soviet relations between the years after WWI in 1917-1945.

Answer 10

1917-Bolshevik Revolution (Communism)
1919-Red Sacre (Palmer Raids, Nativism)
1939-Nonaggression Pact, Stalin & Hitler
1945-Yalta and Potsdam conferences

Question 11

In 1946, Churchill said this fell across Europe in which Stalin favored Communist dictators in the satellite states (buffer states).

Answer 11

“Iron Curtain”

Question 12

What happened to Germany after WWII?

Answer 12

Germany was divided in half. A Democratic Western half and a Communist Eastern half.

Question 13

In 1947, George F. Kennan wrote an influential article promoting the idea of stopping or containing the spread of Communism. What policy did this eventually become?

Answer 13

Containment Policy (1947)

Question 14

In 1947, this doctrine promoted the idea of aiding nations fighting Communism. $400 million in aid was given to Greece and Turkey, who successfully defeated the Communists.

Answer 14

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Question 15

In 1947, this plan loaned $17 billion to European countries to help revive their economies and strengthen democratic governments.

Answer 15

Marshall Plan (1947)

Question 16

In 1947, the National Security Act created these three organizations.

Answer 16

1. Department of Defense
2. National Security Council (NSC)
3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Question 17

In 1948, this was the first major crisis of the Cold War. U.S. few planes with supplies into West Berlin for 11 months. Stalin eventually backed down and lifted the blockade.

Answer 17

Berlin Airlift (1948)

Question 18

In 1948, this Jewish state was created, which the U.S. would have a difficult time maintaining friendly ties with oil-rich Arab states. Palestinians were removed from this territory.

Answer 18

Israel

Question 19

In 1949, this military alliance was created to protect the Democratic countries of Western Europe.

Answer 19

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 20

In 1955, the Soviets made their own military alliance to protect the Communist Eastern European countries.

Answer 20

Warsaw Pact (1955)

Question 21

In 1949, China becomes Communist. Who was the Chinese Communist leader?

Answer 21

Mao Zedong

Question 22

This war occurred between the years of 1950-1953 and tested the U.S. containment policy.

Answer 22

Korean War (1950-1953)

Question 23

Where was Korea divided after the Korean War ended in 1953?

Answer 23

38th Parallel

Question 24

This is the term given to the fear of Communism in American that their was a belief that there were Communists spies. A similar scare happened in the 1920s.

Answer 24

Second Red Scare

Question 25

In 1940, this anti-communist act was passed that made it illegal to advocate the overthrow by force of the American government. Allowed for the arrest of Communist leaders.

Answer 25

Smith Act (1940)

Question 26

In 1947, this board was created which investigated the background of more than 3 million federal employees.

Answer 26

Loyalty Review Board (1947)

Question 27

In 1950, the McCarran Internal Security Act was passed which made it illegal to support what kind of governments?

Answer 27

Totalitarian governments

Question 28

In 1951, this Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act of 1940.

Answer 28

Dennis et al. v. United States (1951)

Question 29

In 1951, this congressional committee was created to investigate suspected Communists in the movie industry in Hollywood. The Hollywood Ten were blacklisted.

Answer 29

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Question 30

In 1950, this espionage case convicted this individual of spying and lying in court. Americans began to wonder if there were more Communists in the government.

Answer 30

Alger Hiss Case (1950)

Question 31

In 1951, this couple were found guilty of treason and executed for spying. First Americans to be executed for espionage.

Answer 31

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Question 32

This Republican senator rose to power by playing on the fears of Americans concerning Communism.

Answer 32

Joseph McCarthy

Question 33

Joseph McCarthy claimed there were 205 Communists in government and began an aggressive “witch-hunt” without any real evidence. What term was given to McCarthy’s antics during this period of paranoia and fear.

Answer 33

McCarthyism

Question 34

In 1951, this amendment was passed to limit the president to only 2 terms or 10 years. This was passed because F.D.R. won four times.

Answer 34

22nd Amendment

Question 35

In 1952, the U.S. successfully tests this bomb, which is a 1,000 times more powerful than the A-bomb.

Answer 35

Hydrogen Bomb (H-bomb)