Age of Jefferson, 1801-1816 Flashcards
Thomas Jefferson defeats John Adams in the election of 1800 and government peacefully changes from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans and marked the end of the Federalist Era. What nickname did this election earn?
Peaceful Revolution of 1800
Jeffersonian Democracy differed from the Federalist Era in that Thomas Jefferson supported what two aspects of American society?
Farmers and State’s Rights
Name some of Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican policies.
Limit the federal government Support state's rights Repeal excise taxes (whiskey tax) Lower the national debt Reduce the size of the military
As Jefferson became president he fired Federalists from government positions and hired Democratic-Republicans to replace them. What was this system called?
Spoils System
In 1801, every justice in the court system was a Federalist since they were appointed by Washington and Adams. Jefferson tried to stop Adams’s “midnight judges” appointments, which led to this significant court case.
Marbury v. Madison
In 1803, the outcome of Marbury v. Madison led to this new Supreme Court power under Chief Justice John Marshall?
Judicial Review
Judicial Review allows the Supreme Court to strike down an act of Congress by declaring the act what?
Unconstitutional
Chief Justice John Marshall (Marshall Court) believed in a strong central government, promoted business interests, and opposed what?
State’s Rights
Which war broke out in Europe during 1803-1815 that challenged U.S. neutrality and trade? Britain also began seizing American ships and impressing American sailors.
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
In 1803, Toissant L’Ouverture led the slaves of Santo Domingo in a rebellion against French troops. What was the name of the rebellion and what was this Caribbean island later called?
Haitian rebellion (Haiti)
In 1803, what decision went against Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution, but doubled the size of the United States?
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Federalists from Essex County, Mass. were against the Louisiana Purchase and planned a Northern Confederacy. What was the name of this conspiracy, which was the first attempt to secede from the Union?
Essex Junto Conspiracy
This is the imaginary boundary between the Northeastern United States and the Southern United States. Slavery was illegal above this line.
Mason-Dixon Line
Between the years of 1804-1806, this expedition set out to investigate the resources that the U.S. had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
In 1805, these pirates of the North African coast seized American merchant ships. Jefferson sent the U.S. navy and gained respect for dealing with the problem.
Barbary Pirates
Which former Vice President under Jefferson began a conspiracy to separate the western states from the Union to form a new republic.
Aaron Burr Conspiracy
This incident in 1807 caused an uproar among Americans when a British ship fired upon an American ship and impressed 4 American sailors.
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
This unpopular act by Jefferson was an attempt to retaliate against the British for the impressment of U.S. sailors by prohibiting trade with foreign nations.
Embargo Act (1807)
In 1808, Congress voted to ban the importation of what into the United States?
Slaves
Who became the fourth president of the United States?
Pres. James Madison (1809-1817)
This act in 1809 resumed trade with all foreign nations, but France and Britain. Trade resumed with England and France when they removed their restrictions on the U.S.
Non-intercourse Act (1809)
This act in 1810 lifted all restrictions on trade and promised France and England that if either nation would lift their restrictions; the U.S. would trade only with that nation.
Macon’s Bill No. 2
These two Shawnee brothers led an attempt to form a confederacy of all tribes east of the MIssissippi River to fight against settlers moving onto Indian lands.
Tecumseh (The Warrior) and Tenskwatawa (The Prophet)
William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh at this battle, which earned him the nickname of “Old Tippecanoe.”
Battle of Tippecanoe
What was the term given to the British act of searching American ships for deserters and took those who could not prove they were American?
Impressment
The impressment of American sailors encouraged war hawks Henry Clay (Kentucky) and John C. Calhoun (S.Carolina) to lead a group of Republicans to start a war with which country?
England
Federalists and Northern states opposed a war against Britain in 1812, because it would hurt trade. What was the name given to these “Old” Republicans who believed war violated the idea of limited government.
Quids
What was the name given to the war between the United States and Great Britain over British impressment, interference with free seas, and aid to Native Americans on the American frontier?
War of 1812
What were some consequences of the War of 1812?
Demise of the Federalist Party Intensified nationalist feelings Industrialization/Self-sufficiency Andrew Jackson became a war hero Began the Era of Good Feelings
This treaty in 1814 ended the War of 1812, but said nothing of impressment or trading rights, but did restore diplomatic relations with England.
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
This battle made Andrew Jackson an American hero because he defeated the English, even though the War of 1812 was over.
Battle of New Orleans
In 1815, Federalists were against the War of 1812 and secretly met here to discuss secession and nullification. This set the precedent for Southern secession.
Hartford Convention (1815)
What did Federalists discuss at the Hartford Convention?
Limit the power of Congress to make war
Remove the 3/5 compromise
Remove trade restricting laws
Secession and nullification
What era began after the end of the War of 1812 and how long did this era last?
Era of Good Feelings (1815-1824)
Who was the 5th president of the United States and the president during the Era of Good Feelings?
Pres. James Monroe (1815-1825)
