The Federalist Era, 1789-1800 Flashcards
Who becomes the first president under the U.S. Constitution and the New Republic in 1789?
George Washington
This is the term given to the appointed chiefs/advisors of departments by the president.
Cabinet
This act made the Supreme Court the highest court in the U.S. and declared that Federal courts are superior to State courts.
Judiciary Act (1789)
This was the first law passed by Congress, which was designed to protect infant industries.
Tariff of 1789
In 1789, the American Revolution inspired a revolution to break out where?
France (French Revolution)
Once the French Revolution began, the U.S. continued to trade with France. Meanwhile, the British began seizing U.S. ships and doing what with American sailors?
Impressment
Which founding father had a financial plan to stabilize the American economy, promote economic growth, and strengthen finances?
Alexander Hamilton
Name a few aspects of Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan.
- Pay off the national debt
- Protect the nation’s industries
- Place high tariffs on imported goods
- Collect taxes
- Create a national bank to deposit government funds and print money
Thomas Jefferson viewed Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan as benefiting the rich. What kind of economy did Jefferson favor?
Agriculture
Congress eventually adopted which three parts of Hamilton’s financial plan?
- U.S. government will pay off the national debt and adopt the debts of the states.
- Tariffs on imports and excise (direct) taxes on whiskey to pay for the debt.
- National Bank.
Jefferson argued that the Constitution did not give Congress the power to create a bank. Which part of the Constitution did Hamilton argue that they could create a bank?
Elastic Clause - “necessary and proper”
Alexander Hamilton favored what kind of interpretation of the Constitution?
“Loose” interpretation
Thomas Jefferson favored what kind of interpretation of the Constitution?
“Strict” interpretation
What were the first two political parties? (Two-Party System)
Federalists led by Hamilton
Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson
Who made up the Federalist Party?
Northern States Industrialists/Bankers Strong federal government supporters Federal government over state's rights Pro-British
Who made up the Democratic-Republican Party?
Southern and Western frontier states Farmers Limited federal government Supported state's rights Pro-French
In 1791, this American institution would pay government bills, print money, collect revenues (taxes), deposit federal funds.
First Bank of the United States (U.S. Bank)
In 1793, France waged war against England and Spain. George Washington refused to get involved by making this proclamation?
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
Which political party supported the British against the French?
Federalists
Which political party supported the French against the British?
Democratic-Republicans
In 1793, this French minister began to ask the American people directly to support the French cause.
Edmond Genet (“Citizen” Genet)
In 1794, poor farmers of western Pennsylvania didn’t want to pay excise tax (direct tax) on whiskey, so they attacked tax collectors. Washington put down this rebellion with troops.
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
The U.S. army defeated Indian tribes at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in Ohio. Which treaty did Indians agree to give up the Ohio Territory and also encouraged American settlement of the West?
Treaty of Greenville (1794)
In 1794, Washington sent John Jay to Britain to ask the British to stop seizing U.S. ships and impressing American sailors. This treaty also asked for the withdrawal of British troops from American forts.
Jay Treaty (1794)
