World War I Vocabulary Flashcards
Nationalism
Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Risorgimento
The period of and the movement for the political unification of Italy in the 19th century. Italian, from risorgere to rise again, from Latin resurgere, from re- + surgere to rise.
Young Italy Movement
Political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini.
Giuseppe Mazzini
An Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
An Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.
Liberials
Open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.
Unification
The process of being united or made into a whole.
Ottoman Von Bismarck
A conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.
Kaiser
The German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Zollverein
A coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories.
The Junkers
The Junkers were the members of the landed nobility in Prussia.
Franco-Prussian War
A conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.
Realpolitik
A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Czar Alexander II
The Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881.
Emancipation
The fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
Serfs
An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.
Social Democratic Party
A social-democratic political party in Germany.
Autocrat
A ruler who has absolute power.
Pogroms
An organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.
Nihilists
A person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.
Duma
A legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former Soviet Union.
Tanzimet Reforms
A series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.
Dual Monarchy
When two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing.
Balkan League
An alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire,[1] which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula.
Crimean War
A military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.
Treaty of Sanstefano
Peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, at the conclusion of the last of the Russo-Turkish Wars.
Militarism
The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Alliance System
One of the main causes of World War One.
Triple Alliance
A secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I.
Triple Entente
The military alliance formed between Russia, Great Britain and France before World War I.
Kuiturkampf
The conflict between the German imperial government and the Roman Catholic Church from 1872 or 1873 until 1886, chiefly over the control of education and ecclesiastical appointments.
Reichstag
A German word generally meaning parliament, more directly translated as Diet of the Realm or National Diet or Imperial Diet.
Treaty of Prague
A peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.
Francis Joseph I
Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and many others from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916.
Revolution of 1905
A wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.
Mobilization
The action of a country or its government preparing and organizing troops for active service.
