The American and French Revolutions

Question 1

King George III

Answer 1

King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death.

Question 2

Taxation without representation

Answer 2

A slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.

Question 3

The Stamp Act

Answer 3

An act regulating stamp duty (a tax on the legal recognition of documents).

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

An American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question 5

Red coats

Answer 5

A British soldier.

Question 6

Continental Army

Answer 6

Formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

Question 7

Seven Years War

Answer 7

A war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763,

Question 8

Loyalists

Answer 8

A person who remains loyal to the established ruler or government, especially in the face of a revolt.

Question 9

Patriots

Answer 9

A person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

An American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

Question 11

Declaration of Independence

Answer 11

The statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.

Question 12

The Three Estates

Answer 12

France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners).

Question 13

Louis XIV

Answer 13

A monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

Question 14

Marie Antoinette

Answer 14

The last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the fifteenth and second youngest child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 15

Versailles

Answer 15

A city of north-central France west-southwest of Paris. It is best known for its magnificent palace, built by Louis XIV in the late 1600s, where the treaty ending World War I was signed in 1919,

Question 16

National Assembly

Answer 16

An elected legislature in various countries.

Question 17

Estates General

Answer 17

The bicameral legislative body in the Netherlands.

Question 18

Declaration of Rights of Man

Answer 18

A fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.

Question 19

Constitution of 1791

Answer 19

French constitution created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution. It retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly, which was elected by a system of indirect voting.

Question 20

Emigres

Answer 20

A person who has left their own country in order to settle in another, usually for political reasons.

Question 21

Radicals

Answer 21

(especially of change or action) Relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough.

Question 22

Moderates

Answer 22

A person who holds moderate views, especially in politics.

Question 23

Conservatives

Answer 23

A person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes, typically in relation to politics.

Question 24

Reign of Terror

Answer 24

A period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and Jacobins, and marked by mass executions.

Question 25

Jacobins

Answer 25

A member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789.

Question 26

Maximillien Robespierre

Answer 26

A French lawyer and politician. He was one of the best-known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

Question 27

Guillotine

Answer 27

A machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people.

Question 28

Conscription

Answer 28

Compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

Question 29

Coup

Answer 29

A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.

Question 30

The Directory

Answer 30

A book listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers.

Question 31

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 31

A French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Question 32

Counter Revolutionary

Answer 32

Engaged in or promoting a revolution that opposes a previous one or reverses its results.

Question 33

Napoleonic Code

Answer 33

The French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804.

Question 34

The Consulate Waterloo

Answer 34

Wellington, with the crucial help of the Prussians under Field Marshal von Blucher, defeated Napoleon at this battle in Belgium on June 18, 1815.

Question 35

Nationalism

Answer 35

Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 36

Duke of Wellington

Answer 36

An Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain.

Question 37

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 37

The members of the French Estates-General for the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath (French: Serment du Jeu de Paume), vowing “not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established.

Question 38

Bastille

Answer 38

A fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine.