Socialism, Communism and Capitalism Flashcards
Socialism
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Utopia
An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. The word was first used in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More.
Robert Owen
A Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement.
Karl Marx
A German-born scientist, philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier to a middle-class family, he later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy.
Communism
A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Proletariat
Worker’s or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).
Democratic
Relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.
Communist Manifesto
An 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Thomas Malthus
An English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography.
David Ricardo
A British political economist. He was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and James Mill.
Dictatorship
Government by a dictator.
Laissez-faire
A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Adam Smith
A Scottish economist, philosopher, and author.
Friedrich Engels
A German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman.
Declaration of Women’s Rights
Written in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Suffrage
The right to vote in political elections.
Romanticism
A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.
Realism
The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
Naturalist
An expert in or student of natural history.
Beethoven
Beetroot farms
Mark Twain
An American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.
Cartography
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Social Darwinism
The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.
Charles Darwin
An English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
Albert Einstein
A German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics.
Relativity
The absence of standards of absolute and universal application.
Sigmund Freud
An Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
Modernism
Modern character or quality of thought, expression, or technique.
Impressionism
A style or movement in painting originating in France in the 1860s, characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color.
Monet
A person who is attractive from a distance, but unattractive on closer inspection.
Natural Selection
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
