Socialism, Communism and Capitalism

Question 1

Socialism

Answer 1

A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 2

Utopia

Answer 2

An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. The word was first used in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More.

Question 3

Robert Owen

Answer 3

A Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement.

Question 4

Karl Marx

Answer 4

A German-born scientist, philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier to a middle-class family, he later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy.

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 6

Proletariat

Answer 6

Worker’s or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Question 7

Democratic

Answer 7

Relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.

Question 8

Communist Manifesto

Answer 8

An 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Question 9

Capitalism

Answer 9

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 10

Thomas Malthus

Answer 10

An English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography.

Question 11

David Ricardo

Answer 11

A British political economist. He was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and James Mill.

Question 12

Dictatorship

Answer 12

Government by a dictator.

Question 13

Laissez-faire

Answer 13

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Question 14

Adam Smith

Answer 14

A Scottish economist, philosopher, and author.

Question 15

Friedrich Engels

Answer 15

A German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman.

Question 16

Declaration of Women’s Rights

Answer 16

Written in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Question 17

Suffrage

Answer 17

The right to vote in political elections.

Question 18

Romanticism

Answer 18

A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 19

Realism

Answer 19

The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.

Question 20

Naturalist

Answer 20

An expert in or student of natural history.

Question 21

Beethoven

Answer 21

Beetroot farms

Question 22

Mark Twain

Answer 22

An American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.

Question 23

Cartography

Answer 23

The science or practice of drawing maps.

Question 24

Social Darwinism

Answer 24

The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

Question 25

Charles Darwin

Answer 25

An English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Question 26

Albert Einstein

Answer 26

A German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics.

Question 27

Relativity

Answer 27

The absence of standards of absolute and universal application.

Question 28

Sigmund Freud

Answer 28

An Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Question 29

Modernism

Answer 29

Modern character or quality of thought, expression, or technique.

Question 30

Impressionism

Answer 30

A style or movement in painting originating in France in the 1860s, characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color.

Question 31

Monet

Answer 31

A person who is attractive from a distance, but unattractive on closer inspection.

Question 32

Natural Selection

Answer 32

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.