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History 10 > World War 2: Part 1 > Flashcards

World War 2: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Holocaust

A

The systematic murder of 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany during WW2; comes from a Greek word meaning “sacrifice by burning”, become a part of the English language in the 1950s

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2
Q

Genocide

A

The deliberate annihilation of an entire race

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3
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

Hatred of the Jews

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4
Q

Persecution of the Jews

A

Attacks on the street by troopers
Boycotts
Book-burnings
Signs
yellow star
propaganda
schools

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5
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

Took citizenship away from Jews
Banned marriage
no voting or holding public office
banned from practicing law and medicine
Half of the Jews were homeless

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6
Q

Kristallnacht

A

“The night of broken glass”, Violence against the Jews culminated on the night of Nov. 9, 1938

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7
Q

Jewish Refugees Flees

A

1933-1939, More than 350,000 escaped from Nazi Germany, many countries refused them entry, can’t take more than $4.

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8
Q

Einstazgruppen

A

SS mobile killing units, sent into Germany to round of Jews, Forced to dig pits that would be their grave once they shot them.

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9
Q

Ghettos

A

Rounded up and herded into ghettos until the final solution, Late Oct. 1939, Sections of the city, sealed off with brick walls and barbed wire, Police guards, controlled, terrible conditions, 300 ghettos,

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10
Q

Warsaw, Poland

A

1943, uprising, young group of Jewish leaders organized it, fought Germans for 4 weeks but lost

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11
Q

The Final Solution

A

Jan. 20th, 1942, complete extermination of the Jews

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12
Q

Concentration Camps

A

Jews were sent to work slave labor until they died of exhaustion and starvation, food rations

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13
Q

Extermination Camps

A

exterminated by poison gas and burned in the crematoria

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14
Q

Transportation

A

Transported to these camps by tightly packed cattle cars, no food, water, and lack of air

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15
Q

Arrival

A

Clothing and belongings were taken, heads shaved, tattooed numbers

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16
Q

Conditions

A

Starvation, disease, lice, freezing temperatures, scientific experiments, surgeries without sleeping gas, poisonous gas in showers, bodies burned

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17
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

Several Nazi leaders committed suicide, 22 Nazis to trail, Crimes against peace, War Crimes, Crimes against humanity, 12 sentenced to death, 7 life in prison, 3 acquitted in few years, 177 for various crimes

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18
Q

How many killed?

A

6 million, 2/3

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19
Q

DP

A

Displaced person camps were made for the Jews who didn’t have a home anymore.

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20
Q

Land of their forefathers

A

United nations voted for the Jews to return to the land of their forefathers and reestablish a homeland in the land Palestine.

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21
Q

May 1948

A

Israel declared its independence

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22
Q

War Bonds

A

Citizens bought war bonds to fund the war and in return the less expensive stamps could be redeemed for a bond.

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23
Q

Factories

A

Working in factories was very important to helping in the war. Most men entered into the war, so women mostly took over in the factory.
Rosie the Riveter.

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24
Q

Conservation

A

Rationing was in order for the soldiers to not run out of essential supplies, SAVING, RECYCLING, RATIONING

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25
Q

Ration Cards

A

Limit their purchases of certain groceries like cheese, meat, butter, sugar, and gasoline.

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26
Q

Ration Coupons

A

when an item was purchases, the coupon had to be turned in along with it

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27
Q

Victory Gardens

A

Encouraged growing vegetables at home

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28
Q

Scrap Drives

A

Collect scrap metals, glass and rubber to use in the war effort.

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29
Q

The Battle of the Atlantic

A

Get control of the Atlantic ocean meant a higher % of victory. Traveling on boat was dangerous due to U-boats, When American entered the war the battle turned

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30
Q

U-Boats

A

Submarines

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31
Q

Wolf Packs

A

U-boats traveling in a group

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32
Q

Enigma

A

Germany’s code system

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33
Q

Iron Coffins

A

The Germans submarines, 70% in subs had died.

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34
Q

Operation Barbarossa

A

The soviet Union and Germany had a non-aggression pact, but Hitler broke it and invaded them. He wanted the resourced in their land. However, when winter came they were not prepared. The Germans had on summer uniforms, had run out of food and supplies, and no shelter. The Germans lost once they surrounded them.

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35
Q

3 Cities taken over

A

Leningrad, Moscow, Ukraine

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36
Q

Leningrad

A

Lasted 2.5 years, Blockade around the city, while fighting the citizens starved in the winter with no fuel or food.

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37
Q

Ukraine

A

Took all the oil, grain fields and industrial might. Soviet leadership suggested they retreat since the capital city was under siege, but Stalin insisted they stay. Soviets were taken prisoner.

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38
Q

Moscow

A

Wanted to conquer and destroy the capitol.

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39
Q

Scorched earth policy

A

When forced to withdraw, the Red army should destroy anything the enemy could use

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40
Q

The Battle of Stalingrad

A

September 1942- February 1943, a turning point for the allies

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41
Q

Strategy

A

Encircled the city

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42
Q

Intense period

A

Moved the fighting into the city itself

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43
Q

October 4th

A

Made a desperate attempt to plea to Hitler for reinforcements.

44
Q

Men

A

Soviet Union had more men while the Germans men was dwindling out.

45
Q

The winter

A

The German troops had little to no food left and had resorted to eating their horses

46
Q

Surrender

A

Paulus surrendered the red army

47
Q

After surrender

A

They had to march to Siberia and many died on the way there. Only 5,000 survived after the war.

48
Q

1st mistake in operation Barbarossa

A
  1. Thought it would be a quick victory
49
Q

2nd mistake in operation Barbarossa

A

Not prepared for the harsh winter

50
Q

3rd mistake in operation Barbarossa

A

Supply lines were too far away

51
Q

4th mistake in operation Barbarossa

A

Hitler underestimated soviet strength

52
Q

5th mistake in operation Barbarossa

A

Hitler refused to retreat in the face of sure defeat

53
Q

Why was Stalingrad such an important battle?

A

It turned the tide of war in Europe and marked the beginning of Germany’s collapse.

54
Q

North African Campaign

A

June 1940-May 1943, The British were fighting the Italians for control of North African

55
Q

Control over North Africa

A

Could protect shipping on the Mediterranean Sea, bring oil through Suez canal

56
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

German Field Marshal of WW2

57
Q

Nickname of Erwin Rommel

A

Desert Fox

58
Q

Afrika Korps

A

Name of the German forces that was led by Rommel in North Africa

59
Q

Operation Torch

A

November 1942, America’s first WW2 offensive invasion

60
Q

American soldiers entered the war where?

A

North Africa

61
Q

George Patton

A

Another commander of operation torch

61
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

Commander of operation torch

61
Q

Who commanded the British troops in North Africa?

A

Bernard Montgomery

62
Q

The plan called for the invasion of the North African of what?

A

Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia

63
Q

May 1943

A

The German and Italian troops in North Africa surrendered.

64
Q

Where did the “The Big Three” meet?

A

Met in Tehran, Iran

65
Q

When did “The Big Three” meet?

A

November 28-December 1943

66
Q

The Names of the three men were…

A

FDR, Churchill, Joseph Stalin

67
Q

What was the “The Big Three”

A

Plan the final strategy against Nazi Germany and discuss the future invasion of Italy. This was their first meeting.

68
Q

Italian Campaign

A

Prepared to cross the Mediterranean Sea and knock the Italians out of the war.

69
Q

“Soft Underbelly”

A

Weakest portion of the Axis defense, Italy

70
Q

Tuskegee Airmen

A

First African American air force in WW2

71
Q

June 5th, 1944

A

The allies liberated Rome

72
Q

What happened to Benito Mussolini

A

Forced to resign in 1943; going to be assassinated, flee to Switz.

73
Q

General George Marshall

A

U.S Army Chief of staff

74
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

Supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe in Dec, 1943, war planner

75
Q

D-Day

A

Operation begins

76
Q

H-Hour

A

Hour the operation begins

77
Q

Operation Overlord

A

D-Day, June 6th, 1944

78
Q

What had to be done before they could stop of Hitler?

A

Had to cross the English Channel to retake France

79
Q

D-Day place

A

Beaches of Normandy in Northern France

80
Q

Atlantic Forts/bunkers

A

1,670 miles of wall(clothes and stuff) along the Atlantic Ocean from Denmark to Spain. Hitler built this to prepare.

81
Q

Commander of Operation Overlord

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

82
Q

Omar Bradley

A

Led the American troops at Normandy

83
Q

British commander for Operation Overlord

A

Bernard Montgomery

84
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

German commander at Normandy

85
Q

1st beach

A

Sword(British)

86
Q

2nd beach

A

Gold(British)

87
Q

3rd beach

A

Juno(Canadians)

88
Q

4th beach

A

O’maha(U.S)

89
Q

5th beach

A

Utah (U.S)

90
Q

Phase 1

A

Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines, establish control over bridges and roads

91
Q

Phase 2

A

Bombed German defenses

92
Q

Phase 3

A

battleships targeted German defenses, landing crafts went on the beaches

93
Q

Bouncing Betties

A

Explosive mines on the beach

94
Q

Andrew Jackson Higgins

A

Made Higgins Landing Crafts

95
Q

What happened to the Western front after D-Day?

A

The whole Western front has been ripped wide open.

96
Q

The Battle of the Bulge

A

December 16, 1944-January 28, 1945, Hitler’s last offense

97
Q

December 16th, 1944

A

German launched surprise attack

98
Q

General George Patton

A

German, “Old blood ‘n guts”, came with reinforcements

99
Q

February 1945

A

Last meeting of the “Big Three”

100
Q

Plans for the end of the war

A

Divide Germany into 4 sectors
U.S, France, Britain, Soviet Union would all get 1 sector\
Stalin agreed to hold free elections in his regions
FDR argued for the creation of the United Nations

101
Q

Rhine River

A

April 1945, U.S was the West and the Soviet Union from the East

102
Q

April 12, 1945

A

FDR died from a brain hemorrhage

103
Q

April 30, 1945

A

Hitler committed suicide

104
Q

May 2

A

The soviets conquered Berlin

105
Q

May 8, 1945

A

Victory in Europe, surrender was signed on May 7 in Rheims, France and would take effect the following day

History 10 (9 decks)

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