The New Deal: Unit 1 Flashcards by Lily Mead

New Deal

FDR’s programs that were passed by congress, i an effort to end the Great Depression and reform the nations economy

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Following Problems

Unemployment
Homeless
Banks
Stock Market
Those in debt
Farm crisis
Industrial Recovery

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Election of 1932

Herbert Hoover vs Franklin Delano Roosevelt
FDR won by a landslide

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20th Amendment

Inauguration day was changed to January 20th made in 1933

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Lame Duck

The period in between November and January

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21st Amendment

Prohibition is repealed, selling and drinking of alcohol

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Roosevelts Background

5th cousin of former president Teddy Roosevelt
Wealthy upbringing; only child
Educated at Harvard
Eleanor Roosevelt (related, last name)
Only president to be elected 4 times
Governor of New York
Only president to serve in a wheel-chair, from polio

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Famous Inauguration Speech quote

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

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Franklin and Eleanor political partnership

Involved in presidency, involved first lady.
Help in speeches, advice, etc.

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Franklin

Cheerful
Optimistic
Confidence
Communication

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Eleanor

Powerful force
Solve social issues
First lady

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Brain Trust

Economic experts who helped FDR develop his New Deal Plan

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Frances Perkins

1st women to be selected by the president
Secretary of labor

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FDR Philosophy

Government responsibility to help citizens
Increase taxes for the working to give money to the unemployed
Government-funded public work, to those unemployed

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First 100 Days

Congress gave free-reign and rubber-stamped his proposals during the first days
15 major acts…never been done before

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FDR’s first New Deal action

Saving the banks
1. Bank “holiday”, closing banks for 8 days
2. Emergency banking relief act-inspected each bank
3. 1 million was given back

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Fireside Chats

Spoke to the American people on a radio

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Alphabet Soup

The first letter of the word, New Deal programs

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3 Major goals of the New Deal

Relief for the unemployed; intermediate assistance
Recovery, plans for economy
Reforms to prevent depression

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Emergency Banking Relief Act (Bank Holiday)

Problem- Bank runs caused approx. 11,000 banks to fall by 1933. The public lost confidence in the banks.
Did- Closed all banks for 8 days and required that a federal audit of each banks books to verify if they were sound. FDR announced that only sound banks would reopen

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CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

Problem- Immediately provide work, 250,000 young men
Did- Re-creation or conservation projects, Planting trees, reservoirs, fires, etc.

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TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

Problem- Underdevelopment of south, High unemployment
Did- Built 30 dams and power plants in 9 states, River to provide electricity and food, modern farming techniques

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NIRA (National Industry Recovery Act)

Problems- Overproduction, Factory closings, Low wages
Solution- Regulate industry, Create scarcity of products, higher prices, Higher wages, Higher profits

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PWA (Public Works Administration)

Problems- Unemployment
Solution- Construction projects, Highways, dams, bridges, sewer, etc.,Required to hire African Americans

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AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

Problems- Farming overproduction, Low demand Solution- Farmers received subsided in exchange for limiting production, 7 basic farm products: Wheat, cotton, corn, tobaccos, rice, hogs, and milk

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corps)

Problems- Bank runs Solution- Depositors savings, The government insures your savings

FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Act)

Problems- Unemployment, lack of money Solution- Giving help to large number of jobless Americans, Direct relief payments

HOLC (Home Owners Loan Corp)

Problems- Foreclosure, losing home or farm Solution- Refinancing homes, Long term loans, Lower payments

FHA (Federal Housing Administration)

Problems- Hooverville's, Cant afford housing Solution- Provided loans for renovating, repairing, or building

SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)

Problems- Stock market crash Solution- Enforce new regulations on stock market, Protect investors from fraud and deception

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

Problems- Unemployment Solution- Work relief programs, Manual construction, intellectual projects, projects for specific talents

NLRA (National Labor Relations Act)

Problems- Labor disputes Solution- Protected workers rights, No fear of punishment, Legalized collective strikes, Put federal gov't in the mix to help labor relations

SSA (Social Security Act/Administration)

Problems- Widespread poverty among senior citizens Solution- Pensions for retired people, Unemployment insurance to be funded by employers, Public assistance program for dependent mothers and disabled people

REA (Rural Electrification Administration)

Problems- Supply electricity to rural communities Solution- 2nd deal program 98% of American farms provided with electricity

FSA (Farm Security Administration)

Problems- Dust bowl Solution- Helped purchase land, Camps for migrant workers

FLSA (Fair Labor Standards Act)

Problems- Labor disputes (low wage), long hours Solution- Helped get higher wages, Max:40 hours/week, Abolished child labor

Critic

Unfavorable opinion

After 2 years of the New Deal, how many were still unemployed?

10 million people were still unemployed

Where was Huey Long from? Nickname?

Louisiana Nickname: Kingfish

Name of Huey's program

Share our wealth

Goals of share our wealth

$5,000 for a house annual income of 2,500

Redistribution of Wealth

Put heavy taxes on the rich and use the money to give to the poor

How much tax would Huey put on income over 1 mill a year?

100% tax on income

Huey Long's song called what?

Every Man a King

What happened the Huey Long?

He got assassinated

What method did Father Charles Coughlin use to get his message across?

Radio

Where was Father Coughlin from and what was his nickname?

Originally from Canada and moved to Detroit Michigan Nickname: Radio priest

How many weekly listeners did he have?

45 million

Coughlin wanted to curb the power of nation's ___ and have a government takeover of major _

Banks Industries

Eventually, Charles Coughlin became very radical in his radio speeches nd lost popularity when he endorsed _.

Adolf Hitler The Catholic Church ordered him to stop all political activities and banned him from the radio

Francis Townsend was a _ who lost everything in the Great Depression.

Doctor

What were the demands of Francis Townsend and his followers?

A pension of $200 per month provided by taxes

New Deal was not doing enough for who?

Elderly

Where would the old age pension come from?

Taxes

What were 2 conditions of receiving the money?

1. Retire at 60/be retired 2. Spend it within a month

4 beliefs of the American Liberty League and conservations

1. Favored lower taxes and lower debt 2. Believed Federal gov't was spending too much 3. Believed Roosevelt was gaining too much power 4. Accused the New Deal of leading to socialism

Who won the election of 1936?

FDR

Incumbent

The holder of an office or post who's going to run again.

Court-packing plan

Allow FDR to appoint 6 new deal justices to the supreme court who he hoped would "rubber stamp" all of his new deal programs

Results of court-packing plan

20-70 Unfairly trying to control the supreme court FDR lost popularity

Was the New Deal promise of Relief, Recovery, and Reform met?

Relief- yes, helped millions from the gov't, money or jobs Recovery- No, unemployed was high, stock market wasn't recovering Reform- Somewhat, New Deal could really work or fell flat

How did the New Deal change the role of government?

The federal government assumed responsibility for managing the economy.

How did the New Deal change the relationship between the American people and their government forever?

The federal government changed because they began to help citizens regularly. For how much they helped, they were both praised and hated.

How does this affect the American Dream?

People began to loose hope in the American Dream.

How did the New Deal come to an end?

Lost support due to the Court-packing plan 2 million more jobs were lost, stock market took a dip. 1938 midterm elections-republicans in both houses New Deal ended in 1938 Americans turned their attention to WW2 factories reopened

The New Deal: Unit 1 Flashcards

(65 cards)