The Cold War Flashcards
Cold War Definition
An era of high tension, hostility, mutual suspicion, bitter rivalry, and struggle for power between the soviet union and the U.S following WW2. Not fought with weapons, communism vs. Capitalist Democratic Republic.
Lesson of 1938
You can’t appease a dictator
Causes of the Cold War #1
Feeling of suspicion and distrust
Causes of the Cold War #2
The goal of the Soviet Union was to spread Communism-they wanted a “buffer zone” for protection
Causes of the Cold War #3
The efforts by the U.S to resist soviet expansion
Causes of the Cold War #4
U.S secretly developed the A-bomb without sharing info, a power rivalry developed, an arms race began
Causes of the Cold War #5
Stalin refused to hold free elections in Eastern Europe
Causes of the Cold War #6
Differing political systems (Communist vs. Totalitarian) dictatorship vs. free democratic and capitalist economy
Causes of the Cold War #7
Bi-Polarization of Europe=division of Europe between Communist countries controlled by the soviets and free countries
What countries were under direct control of Stalin himself?
Soviet Satellite States (SSS)
Capitalism
An economic system in which citizens own private property are entitled to profit from it. IN a capitalist country, almost all the natural resources, factories, mines, and land are owned by individuals or private firms. They keep profits from what they own.
Communism
An economic system in which everything belongs to the state and should be run by the government on behalf of the people, The government owns everything, sets all prices, employs everyone and distributes all profits.
Issues of the Election of 1948
Southern Democrats had become increasingly disturbed over President Truman’s support of civil rights, particularly following his executive order racially integrating the U.S. armed forces and a civil rights message he sent to Congress in February 1948.
Iron Curtain
Communism created a sharp, imaginary, dividing line separating communist Eastern Europe from free Western Europe
Containment
U.S policy to “contain” Soviet influence to these places where it already existed and prevent its expansion into new areas. (Gave aid of military supplies to strengthen countries that were threatened)
Greece and Turkey
Facing soviet pressure, Truman asked congress for 400 million in U.S aid for G&T congress approved and the soviets failed to spread communism
Truman Doctrine
“U.S should support free peoples throughout the world who are resisting takeovers by the Soviet Union”
The Marshall Plan
provided foreign aid to Eastern Europe
Who developed the Marshall plan?
George Marshall
Purpose of the Marshall Plan
Restore economic Europe after Ww2
Number of countries that received aid
17
Countries who received the most aid
Italy, Great Britain, France
What 4 countries occupied the Germany and Berlin?
U.S, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union
June of 1947
Britain, France, and the U.S agreed to a plan to unite their sectors and establish the state of Western Germany
Berlin Airlift
-Started with 70 aircrafts carrying 225 tons a day. -General William Turner wanted to oversea it. -The tonnage was below the minimum.
-By October it exceeded the amount.
-The airlift continued everyday from 1948-1949. -Victory for the allies
How many months did the airlift last?
18 months
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Purpose of NATO
Defense organization
An armed attack against one is an attack against all
Warsaw Pact
-1955
-Soviet Unions own military alliance
-USSR, Albania, Hungary, Bulgaria, East Germany, Poland, Romania, Czechiskovakia
GI Bill
-Servicemen readjustment act of 1944
-Government Issue
-Helped the returning soldiers find a home
Feature of the GI Bill 1
Unemployment pay of $20 per week up to a year
Feature of the GI Bill 2
Provided money for college or job training
Feature of the GI Bill 3
Loans for farms, homes, or businesses
Feature of the GI Bill 4
Assistance finding jobs
Baby Boom
-A dramatic rise in the birthrate
-1946-1964
Election of 1948
-Harry Truman (D)
-Thomas Dewey (R)
Truman’s fair deal
-plans for the country
-FDR’s new deal and Americans of color
United nations
peace-keeping organization to prevent future wars and to work for human rights in the world.
How many nations created to united nations charter?
50 nations
Charter
written agreement to outline the goals or aims of an organization
When did the United nations meet?
June 26, 1945
When was the United nations charter ratified?
October 24, 1945
Red Scare
A nation wide fear of communism and the spread of it
What triggered the Red Scare?
- Soviet Union A-bomb
- communists took control of China
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Investigate communist and facist organizations that had become active during the Great Depression
Hollywood Ten
A group of writers and directors who were called to testify in October 1947. Found guilty of contempt of congress and were sentenced to a a year in jail
Blacklisted
Someone who is disproved or boycotted by society
Executive order #9835
-A plan to investigate all federal employees
-root out communist influence in the U.S federal gov’t
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, 1951
-members of young communist League
-Julius was recruited to be a spy
-Arrested: June 17 for espionage
Senator Joseph McCarthy
U.S senator who served as a republican, gave a speech to gain fame
McCarthyism
Spread fear and made baseless charges against people
Korean War
1950-1953
Who ruled Korea before 1945
Japan
How was Korea divided?
38th parallel
Who supported North Korea?
Soviet Union
Who supported South Korea?
U.S
Leader of North Korea
Kim 11 Sung
Capital city of North Korea
Phyongyang
Leader of South Korea
Syngman Rhee
Capital city of South Korea
Seoul
Who started the war?
North Korea
Domino Theory
A political event in another country will cause similar events in another country near it
UN Troops under control of who
General MacArthur
United Nations Police Force
Called that so that the U.S didn’t have to declare war
What nation missed its opportunity
Soviet Union
Pushed UN troops where?
Port of Pusan
Where did McArthur land behind the enemy lines?
Port city of Inchon
MASH Units
Emergency lifesaving surgery closer too critically wounded casualties
What happened to MacArthur
Got fired
Who became the new president of 1952
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Armistice
An agreement by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time
what Stalin did to blockade West Berlin
cutting off all land and river transit between West Berlin and West Germany
July 27, 1953
The Korean Armistice Agreement
