World War 1 Flashcards
Central Powers
Germany and Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente
Britain, France, and Russia
Militarism
Promoting war and making it seem great, even though it’s not
Arms race
Britain and Germany were both building up great navies
Alsace and Lorraine
Land France wanted from Germany
Pan-Slavism
Desire to create country for the Slavs
Russia = “natural leader” of the Slavs
Francis Ferdinand
Arch duke of Austria
Assassinated by Black Hand (Serbia)
Assassination ignited the powder keg
Gabriela Princip
Person who physically shot Arch duke + wife
Part of Black Hand
Ultimatum
Final set of demands
Mobilize
Prepare military forces for a war
Neutrality
Supporting neither side during a war
Schlieffen Plan
German plan of attack for war: defeat France quickly first and then turn around to defeat Russia
Stalemate
Deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other
Zeppelin
Large gas-filled balloons for transport
U-boat
German submarines
Allies defended using convoys
Convoy
Groups of merchant ships protected by warships
Allies used convoys to defend against German U-boats
Verdun
11 months
500,000 casualties
French rallying cry: “they shall not pass”
Somme
5 months
1 million soldiers killed
ONE MILLION THATS A LOT
Tannenberg
City where Russians suffered a disastrous defeat
Ottoman Empire
Joined Germany’s side
Had strategic location
Gallipoli
The allies sent a massive force of troops to attempt to open up the strait. After 10 months, the Allies finally withdrew from Dardenelles
T. E. Lawrence
British colonel who sent to support the Arab revolt
Lead guerilla raids against the Turks, dynamiting bridges and supply trains
Total war
War in which everyone’s lives were directly affected in some way
Conscription
“The draft” which required all young men to be ready for military or other service
Contraband
Supplies during wartime (sometimes illegal)
Contraband could not reach Russia
Lusitania
British liner torpedoed by German submarine
Propaganda
The spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or hurting a cause
Atrocities
??? He taught us nothing
Shell-shock
Shell landing nearby that caused a concussion that shattered a man’s eardrums
PTSD
Cooties
Lice in the trenches
Trench warfare
Building trenches to fight
Russian revolution
Russians overthrew their government
Brest-Litovsk
Treaty between Germany and Russia that allowed Russia to lave war to deal with their revolution
Zimmerman Note
Proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico should the US get knocked in WWI
14 points
Woodrow wilson’s plan for ending the war
Self-determination
The ability to chose ones political status
Was granted to Slavs, but not Africans and Asians
Armistice
A cease-fire
Signed on Veterans Day, on 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month
Pandemic
Spread of a disease across a country/continent
Reparations
Payment for damages
Britain and France wanted this from Germany
Collective security
System in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all
Big Three
Woodrow Wilson - US president (peace)
David Lloyd George - Britain prime minister (punish Germany)
Georges Clemenceau - French prime minister (weaken germany)
Vittorio of Orlando
From Italy
At Paris Peace Conference but not major part of Big Three
Paris Peace Conference
Created treaty that ended WWI
Treaty of Versailles
Officially ended war in 1919
Worst document to end war
Mandates
Different name for Germany’s colonies taken by Britain and France
League of Nations
Worldwide peacekeeping organization in which all countries would work together to prevent a war
Name calling
Use of names that everyone ie dear or hated in the viewer, links a person of idea to a negative symbol
Bandwagon
Persuade by taking course of action “everyone else is taking”
Join the crowd/winning side
Plain Folks
Use of everyday people to sell something
Speakers and ads appear to make the person “one of the people”
Transfer
Act of relating product to something no we like or find attractive
Glittering Generalities
Referring to words or ideas that evoke a positive emotional response from an audience, but by themselves are meaningless
Testimonial
Use of well-known respected people or celebrities to endorse a product or service
Card stacking
Showing the products best features while telling half-truths, and omitting or lying ab t its potential problems
Describe long-term causes of WWI. What was the spark that set it off?
France wanted Alsace-Lorraine serbs want to create country but they can’t because of Austria
Ware was glorified and Germany and Britain were building up big armies, leading them to want to attack quickly
Alliances involve several countries
France and Germany argued over Morocco, making Britain and France close friends
What role did geography play in the outbreak of WWI?
Germany was being attacked from both sides (by France and Russia) and because of this, they had to make the Schlieffen plan, which ultimately failed. Later on in the war, the key position of the Ottoman Empire would block contraband from entering Russia
Explain when and why each country joined the allies and central powers
The original conflict is between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. A-H calls Germany asking for support, and Serbia does the same with Russia. France came next, and they supported Russia in the same way. Germany declares war on France, and they invade Belgium, a neutral country. This infuriates Britain, who is next to join the Allies. The Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers 1914, Bulgaria declares war on Serbia in 1915, and the US gets involved in 1917 because they wanted to help their fellow democracies, the Zimmerman Note, and the Lusitania sinking. In between then many more countries join the Allies, these are just the highlights.
What were the human, economic, and political costs of the war?
8.5 million killed
Allies wanted reparations, which were very costly
Some countries weren’t happy with what they got, for example Italy want happy with their small piece of land and would later become allies with Germany because of this
What countries were dissatisfied with the treaty? Why? Why does this matter?
Germany was punished too harshly, Italy did not gain land in A-H, Japan did not expand into China, Russia didn’t get anything from treaty, and US forced to compromise greatly on treaty
This would lead to WWII and create Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, Italy) and US and Russia not want to join WWII
