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European History > Introduction Review > Flashcards

Introduction Review Flashcards

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1
Q

City-state

A

city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

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2
Q

Athens

A

Capital
Create democracy form of gov
Formed Delian league

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3
Q

Parthenon

A

Well-preserved temple in Athens

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4
Q

Direct democracy

A

All citizens meet in an assembly and vote on laws

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5
Q

Representative democracy

A

People elect people to make decisions for them

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6
Q

Limited democracy

A

Power is only partially in the hands of the people

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7
Q

Olympics

A

Series of games and competition that started in Ancient Greece

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8
Q

Persian wars

A

Athens and the other city-states teamed up to defeat Persian empire
They won

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9
Q

Peloponnesian war

A 
Delian league (Athens) against Peloponnesian league (Sparta)
Sparta won
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10
Q

Delian league

A

Athens league formed to protect city states from further attacks

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11
Q

Peloponnesian league

A

Sparta’s league

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12
Q

Alexander the Great

A

After the war, he took over the city states and land all the way up to India
Was never defeated
From Macedonia
After his death his empire was split up and conquered by the Romans

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13
Q

Philosophy

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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14
Q

Socrates

A

Taught people to question to arrive at an answer

Sentenced to death for “corrupting the youth”

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15
Q

Plato

A

Student of Socrates

He thought the most intelligent should rule

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16
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato

Taught Alexander the Great

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17
Q

Pythagoras

A

Calculated the sides of a right triangle

Theorem and trigonometry

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18
Q

Ptolemy

A

Thought earth was center of the universe

Astronomer as well as many other things

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19
Q

Drama

A

Greeks created both comedy and tragedy

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20
Q

Were women treated better in Athens or Sparta? Why?

A

Sparta because they had more freedom and things to do (responsibility)

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21
Q

How did Greece’s geography impact its choice of government?

A

Cities were too isolated from each other so they created city states

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22
Q

Why were Athenian males given well-rounded educations?

A

Something

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23
Q

How was the Peloponnesian war both a victory and a defeat for Sparta?

A

They won against Athens

But the war split up and weakened Greece

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24
Q

What ultimately happened to the Greeks?

A

Alexander the Great took over a lot of land after the Peloponnesian war
After his death the empire was split up and later conquered by the Romans

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25
Q

Republic

A

a country that is governed by elected representatives and leader rather than a king or queen

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26
Q

Senate

A

Made the laws for Romans

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27
Q

Assembly

A

Normally headed the Roman Empire

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28
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Famous ruler of Roman Empire

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29
Q

Augustus Caesar

A

He declared himself as emperor of the Roman empire and republic came to an end as a result of this
He was able to gain the support of people in preserve peace by having bread and circuses

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30
Q

Bread and circuses

A

Free food and entertainment (gladiators and chariots)

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31
Q

Pantheon

A

Famous Roman temple to the gods

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32
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in more than one God

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33
Q

Christianity

A

Major religion that emerged during this time and earning the faith in Europe
Its capital is Vatican City

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34
Q

Compare and contrast Rome’s geography of Greece, who’s is better, why?

A

Rome had not as many mountains and islands and was less isolated from all
Rome because no isolation
Same: both in Mediterranean Sea and near water (coastal)

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35
Q

Compare and contrast Rome’s republic to Athen’s democracy, which one is more like the United States, why?

A

Rome had two consuls, not one
Both no dictator (except for Rome in times of war)
Rome is more like US because they have two houses and they elect officials

36
Q

Why did Julius Caesar come to power?

A

By bringing an end to a civil war between rich and poor

37
Q

Why did the republic come to an end with Augustus? What does Rome begin to call itself? Why?

A

Augustus declared himself emperor of the Roman Empire

They called themselves an empire because there is an emperor

38
Q

What happened to the Roman Empire?

A

They were conquered by the barbarians

39
Q

Medieval

A

Means Middle Age in Latin

40
Q

Sacraments

A

Sacred rituals of Catholic Church

Baptism, Reconcilation, First communion, confirmation, marriage, holy orders, last rites

41
Q

Crusades

A

Wars between Christians and Muslims over holy land (Jerusalem)

42
Q

Feudalism

A

Social system which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return

43
Q

Knights

A

Soldier who had high social rank, wore armor, and rode a horse

44
Q

Magna Carta

A

King John signed it

It said: everyone must obey the law and the king is not above the law (part of everyone)

45
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

War between France and England that devastated both

46
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

Disease that brought end to the Middle Ages
Killed 1/3 of Europe
Spread by fleas and rats

47
Q

When did the Middle Ages occur?

A

500-1500 AD

After fall of Roman Empire and before Renaissance

48
Q

Why was there so much fighting during this time?

A

No countries with specific borders, just tribes

49
Q

Why was the Catholic Church so important during this time?

A

People were worried about the afterlife, mostly because there was a lot of death going around
Church replaced knowledge (“God would want everything so” he is the reason for things happening)

50
Q

Why are the Sacraments important?

A

You had to complete them in order to go to heaven and not burn in hell for all eternity

51
Q

Give 3 examples of church corruption

A

Priests violated vows of chastity and poverty
Pope could kick people and country out of church and threatened them with this
Simony: selling of church positions

52
Q

How did feudalism work? Was it democratic?

A

(Social system which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return)
There were monarchs so no, it was not democratic

53
Q

Why is the Magna Carta so important

A

First official thing or document that said the king is not above the law

54
Q

What events brought the middle ages to an end?

A

Bubonic plague, Hundred Years’ War, people started to doubt God was the reason for EVERYTHING

55
Q

Renaissance

A

Rebirth

Occurred from 1300s to 1600s

56
Q

Humanism

A

Art and literature beginning to focus on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues

57
Q

Johann Gutenberg

A

Invented the printing press

58
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Ideal Renaissance man
Painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa
Sketched inventions and dissected human corpses to learn more about human anatomy

59
Q

Michelangelo

A

Painted Sistine chapel

Sculpted statue of David and The Pieta

60
Q

Raphael

A

Painted the famous school of Athens, and imaginary gathering of great scientists and thinkers

61
Q

Machiavelli

A

Wrote the prince as a guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power

62
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English playwright

Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and The Tempest

63
Q

How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages?

A

It focused on human experience in the here and now
Emphasis on individual achievement
Desire for adventure and exploration

64
Q

Why was the inventing of the printing press so important?

A

Spread Renaissance ideas to the Northern parts of Europe

65
Q

What instructions did The Prince give future rulers?

A

“The ends justify the means”

Rulers should be ruthless as necessary in order to achieve their goals

66
Q

Why did the Catholic Church condemn the ideas of Kepler, Copernicus, and Galileo?

A

Their ideas contradicted the ideas that were supported in the Middle Ages

67
Q

What were some of the most famous works of art produced by da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael?

A

da Vinci: Mona Lisi and Last Supper
Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel and The Pieta
Raphael: School of Athens

68
Q

Indulgence

A

Pardons for sins that were sold by the Church

69
Q

Johann Tetzel

A

Primary seller of indulgences

70
Q

Martin Luther

A

German monk
Opposed indulgences
95 theses
Published bible in common local language

71
Q

95 theses

A

95 things Martin Luther came up with in the bible

Posted them to a church door

72
Q

Reformation

A

religious movement that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches

73
Q

Protestant

A

Reformation that took place

74
Q

Lutheran

A

First Protestant church

75
Q

Henry VIII

A

Had 6 wives
Divorced, decapitated, died, divorced, decapitated, lived
Wanted a son
Created Church of England (Anglican)

76
Q

Anglican

A

Church that evolved from Henry VIII’s wives and decisions

77
Q

Who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church?

A

The pope

78
Q

Why was Luther kicked out from the church?

A

He believed and published different ideas than Roman Catholics

79
Q

What were Luther’s 2 basic beliefs?

A

Salvation comes through faith ALONE

The bible is the sole source of truth

80
Q

Why did Henry VIII break form the church and what church did he create?

A 
The church (and pope) would not annul his marriage with Catharine
Created Anglican Church
81
Q

Who became the new head of the Church

A

The king/queen

82
Q

Bartholomew Dias

A

Travelled to cape of good hope

83
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Travelled around Africa to the indies

84
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Travelled/discovered North America

Arrived in Carribeans

85
Q

Ferdinand Magllan

A

First person to travel around the entire world

86
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Travelled to more northern part of NA
arrived in present day NY
Another voyage to Hudson Bay
Was left to die alone there

European History (7 decks)

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