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World History Test Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Amerindian civilizations

A

Olmec, maya, Toltec, Aztec, chavin, Inca

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2
Q

What was mesoamerica composed of

A

Mexico and Central America

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3
Q

We’re where the Olmec located

A

On the hot, humid coasts of the Gulf of Mexico(Yucatán peninsula)
Surrounded by many grasslands, swamps, and rainforests

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4
Q

Why did the Olmec exist

A

Set a later foundation for the maya(it was considered the mother civilization)

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5
Q

What was the Olmec nickname

A

Cult of the jaguar

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6
Q

What did city states do in the Olmec and who was their authority under

A

United for religious celebrations and were under the priest/shaman authority

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7
Q

Characteristics of Olmec city states

A

Had their own languages and customs, social class based on power and wealth, most were farmers

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8
Q

Highest in social class of Olmec

A

Priests and government

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9
Q

Was the Olmec an empire

A

No

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10
Q

Olmecs influence on the maya

A

Production of maize(corn), ceremonial centers with temple pyramids, calendars, number system, and form of writing, human sacrifice

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11
Q

How did the maya start

A

The Olmec becomes the maya

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12
Q

Where is the Maya located?

A

On the Yucatán Peninsula

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13
Q

Was the Maya an empire?

A

No

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14
Q

Was the Maya United politically

A

No

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15
Q

What was the Maya made up of?

A

City states who had its own ruler

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16
Q

What was Maya architecture like?

A

Had towering temples and palaces, priests performed religious ceremonies, and sacrifices, ceremonial platforms, temples

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17
Q

How were the Maya like religiously

A

They were polytheistic and practice human sacrifice

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18
Q

What were the Mayas advances in learning?

A

Created a writing system of hieroglyphics , created a set of numerals, developed a 365 day calendar

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19
Q

What happened to the Maya decline

A

The Maya abandoned many of their cities around 900 CE, there’s a theory that there was a severe drought and many died from starvation others migrated away

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20
Q

What was the Toltec like

A

They had a strict, social hierarchy with warrior aristocracy, strong, warrior class

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21
Q

What were the Toltec like religious?

A

They were polytheistic and did human sacrifice

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22
Q

What type of agriculture did the Toltec use

A

Terrace agriculture

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23
Q

Why did the Toltec civilization decline?

A

Because of many nomadic, invaders and famine

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24
Q

Where are the Aztecs located?

A

They lived in a valley of Mexico in Central Mexico

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25
Was there a link between the Toltec people
Yes
26
How did the Aztecs expand their territory?
Through war with surrounding tribes
27
What was the capital city of the Aztec Empire?
Tenochiltan
28
What is tenochiltan now named in Mexico?
Mexico City
29
How did the Aztecs create an empire?
Through conquest, and they conquered many people and local rulers had to pay tribute to the Aztecs
30
How was an emperor chosen in the Aztec empire
By the nobles and priests
31
What was the Aztec emperor’s main job?
To lead in wars
32
Aztec agriculture
Majority people were farmers, grew maze beans, and squash, converted swamp land into farmland, which are known as chinampas
33
How were the Aztecs like religiously
They were polytheistic, they had a god named huitzilopochtli(sun god and god of war) , the Aztecs built, massive temples and pyramids, which were dedicated to their gods
34
Human sacrifice in the Aztec empire
Was a very common practice, in 1487. The Aztecs reported that they sacrificed 84,400 prisoners over the course of four days, they believe that if the sun could rise the next day human sacrifices had to happen.
35
What happened to the Aztec decline?
Spanish conquered led by the Hernan Cortez Conquered tenochtitlan, received help from the tribes surrounding the Aztec, were impacted by European disease diseases like smallpox and measles
36
Where was the Andean civilization located?
In the Andes mountains
37
What was the nickname of the chavin
Andean civilization
38
Why was maze an important crop?
Maze was needed to support its large population
39
What did the Inca control?
An empire in the Andes mountains region of South America
40
Who is the emperor of the Inca empire?
Sapa Inca
41
What did the emperor of the Inca government claim to be?
The son of the sun
42
Did Sapa Inca have absolute power?
Yes
43
Where was the capital of the Inca Empire and how was it divided?
The empire was divided into four regions with the capital at Cuzco
44
How did the Inca unite the empire?
They built a massive road network through mountains and across rivers and gorges
45
How was stonework used in the Inca empire
Constructed stone temples without using mortar
46
What type of farming did the Inca do
Terrace farming and their main product was potatoes
47
What did the government control of the Inca empire?
Trade and collected taxes
48
What was the Inca empire Rich in?
Silver and gold mines
49
How was the Inca Empire religiously
They were polytheistic and their primary God was inti(the sun, God)
50
What did the Inca believe in?
Reincarnation and the practice of cranial deformation
51
What was cranial deformation?
The wrapping of a tight cloth around the heads of newborns to alter their shape of their soft skulls into a cone like shape, most likely for social status
52
How was the Inca Society like?
Each family was assigned a specific job, government officials, arranged marriages
53
What was the Mita system?
Government organize mandatory public services and building projects
54
What happened to the decline of the Inca?
The Spanish conquistadors landed by Francisco Pizarro brought about the fall of the Inca empire
55
What was the the Quipu
A system used for records and can be used as necklaces
56
What does Incas mean?
The people of the sun
57
What did pachacuti mean
The transform or breaker of the world
58
What was the role of women in the Aztec empire
Many women were able to weave, this made many men have many wives because they could pay more tribute
59
What did chinampas do
Increase the amount of fruit production and space to farm
60
What was the capital of the Toltec
Tula
61
How was social status determined in the Maya
By the woman’s side of the family
62
What were priests seen as in the Maya civilization
Healers who could heal people
63
What was the practice of the Maya people?
Animism
64
How did the chavin expressed that they were very religious?
By the art they created in systems they use for the economy to flourish
65
Who brought diseases to the new world?
Christopher Columbus and his crew
66
What was the cause of many indigenous peoples death?
Diseases such as small pox and measles
67
What was one of h the most important crops
Maize(corn)
68
Why were potatoes important
Cause they could survive in cold weathers
69
What was the potatoe famine
Mass starvation in Ireland and population dropped 20 to 25 percent
70
What did horses do?
Changed the way people hunted
71
Why were pigs important
They reproduce fast and we’re able to serve as a food source
72
What animals did indigenous people domesticate
Dogs and llamas
73
Why were animals important?
Introduced the whole new form of transportation
74
Language of the Inca
Quechua
75
Language of the Olmec
Mixe-Zoguean
76
What language of the Maya speak?
Tsotsil, Mam, K’iche’
77
Language of the Toltec
Nahuatl
78
Language of the Aztec
Nahuatl
79
What were the three Gs?
God glory and gold
80
Factors that encouraged exploration
Merchants and traders thought they could benefit from trade
81
What was the Caravel?
It was a very large ship
82
Mercantilism in the east
Muslim sold Asian goods to Italian and Italians sold items and increased prices to merchants
83
What did Prince Henry want to do?
He wanted to bring the treasures of the east back to Portugal
84
What did bartolomeu dias do
Sailed the southern tip of Africa
85
Vasco de gama
Reach the south western coast of India, where the portrait explorers filled their ships with spices and regular silk, he also made a direct route to India
86
What did Christopher Columbus do to convince Spain?
To support him in finding a route to Asia by selling West
87
What did Spain think of Columbus and believe?
That he reached Asia
88
When did Spain and Portugal tensions end?
After Pope Alexander VI came up with a treaty of tordesillas
89
What was the line of demarcation?
West- Spain east- Portugal
90
Who owned the largest fleet of ships in the world?
The Dutch
91
What country did Christopher Columbus believe he landed on
The East Indies
92
What was Columbus main interest?
Gold
93
What were Spanish explorers and Cortez known as?
Conquistadors
94
What was the economy system?
Under the system native farmed for Spanish landlords, and most died to diseases
95
What was the high demand in Europe?
Sugar
96
What replaced the economy system?
The use of enslaved Africans in the triangular trade
97
What is nationalism?
Loyal to the king of their colony
98
Who became one of the wealthiest and most powerful nations in the world
Spain
99
What are two examples of countries that used capitalism
England and Netherlands
100
What were the big three
Spain, France, and England
101
What was the middle passage?
The portion of the triangular trade from West Africa to the west Indies, that transported enslaved Africans
102
Who ruled the yuan Dynasty
The mongols
103
Where is the Ming’s Dynasty capital at
Beijing, this is where the forbidden city is
104
Ming restoration
Confucianism revived, civil service exams, rebuilt, and expanded the Great Wall of China
105
Who were allowed in the interior of China to trade?
The Dutch and Portuguese
106
How many explorations did Zheng he have?
Seven
107
What kind of exotic animals Zheng he bring back
Giraffes and zebras
108
End of the Ming expeditions
Stopped with the death of Zheng he, was too expensive and weakened the nation
109
Fall of the Ming Dynasty
Series of we corrupt emperors, overextended their territory, and couldn’t control it, Manchus over through the Ming, they established the Qing dynasty

World History KAP (9 decks)

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