World History Test Flashcards
Who did the French nobility select?
Philip of Valois, he was the cousin of the last King Charles IV
Who was king Philip chosen over?
Edward III of England
What title did Edward III claim?
King of France
What was an issue in France
Their was land that belonged to English kings that was located in France territory
What was Edward to Philip
He was a vassal for Philip
What was the Norman conquest
It was the least successful conquest on England
Was France a united country before the war began?
No, the king only controlled about half of the country
Characteristics of the war
Some short raids and expeditions, few major battles, truces and ineffective treaties,
What did the victor depend on?
Where and how they fought
Sporadic
Random
Advantages of England
Weapon tech, engage quick, profitable raids
Advantages of France
Rich, more population, had an army of 50,000
Longbow for England
Huge advantage of England, penetrating power, could fire rapidly
Who was successful at the beginning,
England, captured king John at battle of Poitiers, protest started to form because war was ruining countryside
What was France ruled by
A parliament, representatives make laws
Who put down the peasant revolt
King Richard II, as a result he was forced to abdicate(to renounce his throne)
Who takes over the throne after king Richard II
Henry IV(first ruler from Lancaster)
What ended the fighting between French and British
A truce that was signed
What appeared at the court of King Charles VII
Joan of arc
Joan of arc
She heard voices saying that France needed help
What made the reconquest of the north of France
Joan of arc led the French rally and drove the English out
What is an autocrat
A person ruling with unlimited authority
How did people feel about King John’s reign
They disliked it because he argued against the pope to try and gain full control
What was the manga carta
A document that limited the powers of the king to the extent that they were just the same as everyone else
What were two demands made by the nobility to King John
The church shall be free and so shall the kingdom
What was absolutism?
One ruler has complete power
What was the renaissance
A cultural movement in early Europe
When did historians believed the renaissance was at its peak
Late 16 centuries
What did the renaissance produce
Dramatic changes in art, architecture, and culture
Which artists embraced realism and individualism
Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci
What did humanist believe
Human achievements were as important as religious theory
What did artist and writers think of the Italian renaissance?
They believe they were creating something totally new, but we’re reviving teachings of the ancient world
What does renaissance mean?
French for rebirth
Who experienced the renaissance more than others
Wealthy men
What does renaissance man used to describe?
Someone who has a broad knowledge in many topics
Did women participate in the Renaissance?
Yes, in arts and women’s education as well as political theory
What made Italian bankers and merchants rich?
Trade
What family dominated the politics of Florence
The Medici
What group was another Renaissance ruler?
The Ottomans
Who is the famous writer inspired by themes in Islamic poetry
Petrarch
What did Italian merchants do to have access to western African gold?
Funded Portuguese mariners to sell further and further south
What did Renaissance Europe feature?
A great deal of racial, ethnic and religious diversity
How did the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church during the Renaissance led to the protestant reformation?
The selling of indulgences, where people could buy forgiveness for their sins
What effects did the protestant reformation have on Europe politically economically and culturally?
Freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, the dignity of the individual, and political democracy
Causes of the Protestant reformation
Spread of non-religious ideas, rulers hated the control of the Popes, merchants stop paying taxes to the churches, popes were corrupt in the Catholic Church
Martin Luther
German Catholic monk who studied law
What did Martin Luther do?
Took a public stand against the selling of indulgences
When did Martin Luther write 95 theses
1517
What were the 95 theses
95 ideas how to reform the Roman Catholic Church
What was the name of of Christian churches who did not accept the pope’s authority?
Protestant
Three main ideas of Luther
People could win salvation, only by faith of God, all church, teaching bases on the Bible, all people with the faith were equal
Who saw Luther as a serious threat
The pope
What did the pope do to Luther?
Excommunicated him
Who put Luther on trial?
Emperor Charles V
Edict of worms
No one could help Luther or else they should be as bad as him
What is the piece of Augsburg do?
You could choose what religion they wanted
What did King Henry VIII do to get a male heir
Married six times
Who were Henry’s children?
Edward VI(protestant)
Mary(catholic)
Elizabeth I(protestant)
Did King Philip do?
Invaded England, thinking he could win because they had a woman ruler
What were results of the reformation?
Protestant churches flourished, religion, no longer united Europe, individual monarchs, gained power, nation states developed,
Probabilities of the cause of the black day
From bacteria, rats, fleas
Where did the black plague come from?
Gobi desert, from trade routes and caravans
Some attempts to stop the plague
Doctors robe – believe the disease was spread to bad smell
Try to use leeches to remove the bad humors
What were the crusades?
A series of eight wars by West European Christians in attempt to recapture the holy land from the Muslims, Jerusalem
Importance to Jews, Christians, and Muslim of Jerusalem
Jews-sight of Abrahams covenant with Yahweh
Christian-site of Jesus crucifixion
Muslim-Mohammed ascent into heaven
When did the crusades begin?
1095
Who is under control of Jerusalem originally?
The Abbasids
What did the pope do to motivate people to join the crusade?
Promise, salvation, peasants, receives freedom, adventure, and possible wealth
Outcome of the crusades
Jerusalem Falls to the Crusaders
Effects of the crusades
Helped to breakdown feudalism and it increased power of the kings in Europe
