World History Flashcards
Civilization
-city leaders had to start organizing workers to solve problems, such as building and cleaning irrigation canals. As a result, society and culture grew more complex. These changes led to an advanced form of culture called civilization.
Mesopotamia
- the region where two rivers flow
- The name means “land between rivers”
- the land is mostly flat with small, scrubby plants
- the rivers provide travel
Polytheism
- when Sumerians believed in many gods and goddesses, a belief called polytheism
- according to their religion there are 4 main gods- the gods of sky, wind, hills, and fresh water
- each city-state worshiped its own main god
- there were many lesser gods and goddesses
Floodplain
- it was when rivers reached the plains, water overflowed onto the floodplain, the flat land bordering the banks
- as water spread over the floodplain, the soil it carried settled on land
City-State
-it was a community that included a city and its surrounding lands
Cuneiform
- over time, Sumerians stopped using pictures and began to use wedge-shaped symbols
- it was a wedged shaped writing
Silt
- as the water spread over the floodplain, the soil it carried settled on land, this fine soil deposited by rivers is called silt
- the silt was fertile
- it was good for growing crops
- was a important part of farming
Ziggurat
- was the largest and most important structure in an Sumerian city
- was first built about 2200 B.C.
- it stood at the center of a huge temple complex
- the complex functioned as sort of a city hall
- it functioned as sort of a city hall because the priests ran the irrigation system and other important aspects of city life
- people came to the temple complex to pay the priests for their services with grain and other items
- as a result , the priests managed the storage of surplus grain and controlled much of the city-state’s wealth
Scribes
- they were professional record keepers
- they specialized in writing
- were respected highly
- very few people were scribes
Arid
-less than 10 inches of rain fell each year in southern Mesopotamia, and summers were hot, this type of climate would be arid
Drought
- a long period when too little rain falls
- drought can be considered a danger
- the rivers water level drops
- when they accrued it was hard for farmers to have good crops
Fertile Crescent
- lands that stretched in a curve from the Persian Gulf through Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Sea
- has rich soil and water that make it a good area for farmingj
Irrigation
-is the watering of dry land using systems of ditches, pipes, and streams
Surplus
- Mesopotamia grew a surplus of crops
- means to have more than they needed for themselves
- they traded surplus all the time
Code of Law
- Hammurabi used the code of law in the way he ruled
- it is a set of written laws for people to obey
Providences
- a province was an area of land like a state
- it had a local government
Empire
-it brings together many different lands and peoples under the control of one ruler
Emperor
-the person who rules an empire