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Transition To Professional Role 1 > World Events, Trends, Leaders > Flashcards

World Events, Trends, Leaders Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the word “nursing” come from?

A

Derivative of latin word nutrire, meaning “to nourish.”

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2
Q

What is the name of the script discovered in Egypt in the 1870s that dates back to 1550 BC?

A

The Ebers papyrus

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3
Q

What does the Ebers Papyrus contain? (Oldest preserved medical document)

A

Over 700 remedies written in hieratic script.

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4
Q

One of the first recorded physicians was:

A

Imhotep (2900-2800 BC)

Was a priest-physician and after death was worshipped as Egyptian god of medicine.

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5
Q

Babylonian health care guidelines in 1900 BC was called:

A

Hammurabi’s code-

-contained fee for service, standards quality of care, patient rights, legal regulations for physicians

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6
Q

Which early nation’s beliefs included that disease was punishment or work of evil spirits?

A

Babylonia- evil spirits

Hebrew- punishment

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7
Q

Xenodochia

A

“Houses for strangers”
Established by Hebrews
Were precursors of hospitals and inns.

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8
Q

What is an iatria?

A

Similar to outpatient clinics. In Greece in 8th century BC.

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9
Q

Father of modern medicine:

A

Hippocrates, son of greek priest-physician in BC.

Hippocratic oath

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10
Q

What is nosocomium

A

Place for the sick

Rome, 390 AD

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11
Q

What is geroncomion?

A

Home for the aged

Rome, 390 BC

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12
Q

Who helped found the International Red Cross?

A

Jean Henri Dunant of Switzerland

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13
Q

What does the Geneva Convention Treaty contain

A

Military hospitals were to be considered safe havens where patients could be cared for.

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14
Q

What are the 7 universal ideals associated with the Red Cross?

A 
Humanity, 
impartiality, 
neutrality, 
Independence 
voluntary service 
unity 
universality
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15
Q

Nurse associated with founding of Red Cross

A

Clara Barton

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16
Q

Prominent person involved in reform of mental health care:

A

Dorothea Dix (1800’s)

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17
Q

Superintendent of US army Nurse Corps:

A

Dorothea Dix

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18
Q

America’s first trained nurse:

A 
Melinda Richards (1841-1930)
Enrolled and completed first nsg school in Boston
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19
Q

Margaret Sanger

A

Distributed birth control, which was illegal in US because of the Comstock Act of 1873.
She is considered founder of Planned Parenthood.

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20
Q

Mary Mahoney

A

First black nurse to graduate Nursing school on US.

National Black Nurses assoc

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21
Q

Isabel Hampton Robb (3)

A

1-Wrote text books for nursing .
2-Founding member of American Journal of Nursing
3-estab first grading policies for a nursing school

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22
Q

Early Egyptian Culture beliefs and characteristics (4)

A

1- belief in afterlife prompted care of body after death
2-Ebers papyrus
3- Priest-physician was important
5- disease considered work of evilspirits

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23
Q

Early Babylonian culture characteristics

3

A

1-disease was generally considered work of evil spirits
2- Hammurabi’s code
3- wet nurses faced severe penalties if their patients died

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24
Q

Early Hebrew culture characteristics (4)

A

1-communicable disease management was important
2- disease was considered to be break in one’s relationship with God
3- xenodochia
4- priest-physician

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25
Q

Early Greek culture characteristics: (3)

A

1-Hippocratic oath
2- Xenodochia
3- many medical terms are derived from this culture’s mythology

26
Q

Early Roman culture characteristics: (3)

A

1- diseases were assoc with gods and goddesses
2- god of healing was Aesculapius
3- military hospitals were numerous

27
Q

Role of deaconess developed by early Christian church. What was a typical deacon like and what did they do?

A

Unmarried women,

Visited the sick in their homes- Bringing food, money, prayers, medicine and basic nursing care

28
Q

Who was the first deaconess?

A

Phoebe

29
Q

What roles in todays nursing profession are similar to deaconess?

A

Parish nurse

And visiting nurse

30
Q

Fabiola known for:

A

Founded the first free Christian public hospital in Rome for the sick poor

31
Q

Helena is known for

A

Established a geroncomion

32
Q

Catherine of Sienna is known for:

A

Organized an ambulance service in Italy

33
Q

Hildegarde of Bingen

A

Wrote extensively about causes, symptoms, and cures

34
Q

Knights of Hospitallers of St John of Jeruselum

A

Built and staffed a hospital in Jerusalem during the crusades

35
Q

Knights of St Lazarus

A

Cared for people with Leprosy

36
Q

Early middle ages defining characteristics: (3)

A

1-dark ages
2-increase in urbanization
3- spread of communicable diseases

37
Q

Defining characteristics of

Late Middle ages (2)

A

1-male nursing orders developed to care for crusaders and others
2-renewed interest in culture

38
Q

Martin Luther- 1517 helped start:

A

The Reformation in Europe

39
Q

What were the Dark ages of Nursing?

A

1500’s- women were given option to work in hospitals to avoid jail for theft or prostitution.
Quality of care was poor

40
Q

The Renaissanced

A

People became more literate and scientific knowledge expanded rapidly

41
Q

Industrial Revolution in Europe began around 1750. What was it and how does it relate to healthcare?

A

People left farms to work in cities at factories. Overcrowding and poor sanitation caused illness.
Many unemployed and lived in poverty.
Cholera, smallpox and typhus

42
Q

Sairey Gamp

A

Character in Dickens novel and is considered type character of a nurse in Mid 1800’s. Came to work drunk.

43
Q

Elizabeth Seton

A

Established order of nuns in Maryland that affiliated with Sisters of charity.

44
Q

Catherine McAuley

A

Founded Sisters of Mercy.

Members of this order founded hospitals and cared for wounded during American Civil War.

45
Q

American Civil war characteristics:

2

A

1-following this war, hospital based nursing schools proliferated
2-first Navy nurses served in this war

46
Q

Crimean War characteristic (1)

A

British secretary of war asked Florence Nightingale to go to Scutari and be superintendent of nurses in the war.

47
Q

Korean War characteristic (2)

A

1- army nurses were 1st American women to be dispatched to combat zones
2- first war to use MASH units

48
Q

Persian Gulf war characteristics (1)

A

Exposure to chemical weapons are believed to have created mysterious symptoms in soldiers

49
Q

Revolutionary war characteristic (1)

A

Catholic nuns gave the only formal care in this war

50
Q

Vietnam war characteristics (4)

A

1-beneficial effects of improved technology
2-male nurses served
3-Nurse Training Act of 1964 was passes for NLN- accredited nursing programs
4- nurses treated many children with skin and intestinal diseases

51
Q

Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan characteristics (1)

A

Nurses in US contributed books for a nursing library that was nearly destoyed

52
Q

World war 1 characteristics (2)

A

1-Army School of Nursing was formed

2-twenty thousand nurses were sent by American Red cross

53
Q

World war 2 characteristics (4)

A

1- 20% of nursing workforce served overseas and created acute nursing shortages in US
2-federal funding went to nursing schools instead of hospitals
3-flight Nursing was developed
4- following this war, the Health Amendments Act funded prep for administrative, supervisory ant teaching positions

54
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Major contribution was improved sanitation and nutrition

55
Q

Frances Payne Bolton

A

Helped estab US cadet nurse corps through theNurse training act of 1943.

56
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Underground railroad

57
Q

Kaiserswerth

A

An institute of study for protestant deaconesses that included nursing training

58
Q

Lavinia Dock

A

Influenced independent nursing practice

59
Q

Lillian D Wald

A

Estab first public health or visiting nursing, service in Manhattan

60
Q

Luther Christman

A

Known in nursing education for the unification model

61
Q

Mary Breckenridge

A

Founded Frontier Nursing Service

62
Q

New England Hospital for women and children

A

First school of nursing in america; based on Kaisereswerth principles

Transition To Professional Role 1 (11 decks)

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