World Englishes Master Flashcards
What do we call the countries where English is spoken as a first language?
An L1 country.
What do we call the countries where English is spoken as a second or foreign language?
An L2 country
One of the reasons why English is so widespread is because it was the language of The British _ _ _ _ _ _
Empire
What does ‘Lingua Franca’ mean?
A trading or contact language between many groups who don’t speak the same language.
Although English is spoken all over the world, the kind of English spoken is not necessarily the same as the English in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or the same as in other countries.
Britain
Linguists now often speak about Global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than Global English as there are many different varieties of English around the world.
Englishes
What is the name of Braj Kachru’s model?
Three Circles Model
Which circle, did Braj Kachru say, is made up of regions where English is used as a first language (L1)
The Inner Circle
Kachru said that L1 countries act as ‘norm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ‘
Providers
L1 countries provide the standard against which all other kinds of English are?
Judged
UK, the USA, Australia, Canada and New Zealand are all examples of L1, L2 or L3 countries?
L1
Which circle, did Braj Kachru say, is made up of regions where English is used as a second language (L2)
Outer Circle
Hong Kong, Ghana and Nigeria are all examples of L1, L2 or L3 countries?
L2
Kachru said that L2 countries, such as Hong Kong, Ghana and Nigeria, are ‘norm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _’
Developing
Norm Developing countries such as Hong Kong, Ghana and Nigeria, are develop their own _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ varieties.
Distinct
In the expanding circle, why is English used?
To communicate for purposes of business, politics and education
In which circle is English used for practical reasons and not for ‘cultural integration.’ (i.e. people don’t chat in it or write fiction or drama in it.)
The Expanding Circle
Countries in the Outer Circle are norm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Dependent
Countries in which circle rely on Inner Circle Englishes to tell them what is right and wrong.
Expanding Circle
How do Canadians spell ‘colour’
colour with a ‘u’
How do Canadians spell ‘criticise’?
Criticize with a ‘z’
Instead of nappy, Canadians instead say d _ _ _ _ _
Diaper
What do Canadians call a mobile?
Cell phone
What do Canadians call a ‘queue’
A line-up
