World Cities Facts Flashcards
Definition of a millionaire city:
A city with one million or more people in it
Definition of a mega city and examples:
A city with at least 10 million people
Examples: Tokyo, Mexico, Seoul, New York
Definition of a world city:
A city that exerts a global influence due to their financial and commercial status
What is the Western Model and the stages?
Economic development and effects of urbanisation
- Agricultural revolution and enclosure movement
- Industrial invention
- New forms of energy
- Improved transport
- Improvements in medicine/public health
What are the factors that contribute to the evaluation of a world city?
- Globalisation - blurring of international boundaries
- New international division of labour - production isn’s confined
- Informationalisation - trading in information handling
- Urban hierarchy - world cities at the top
What are the 5 contemporary urbanisation processes and their definitions?
- Urban growth: physical expansion of a city in terms of population size and density/areal extent and building density
- Urbanisation:Increase in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas
- Suburbanisation: Movement of people and businesses to the outer part of the city - development of transport
- Counter urbanisation: Outward movement of people and business to smaller settlements
- Re-urbanisation: Movement of people and businesses back to cities
Name some factors that increase urbanisation?
- Migration
- Higher rates of pay
- Urban poverty growing
- Employment
- Natural increase
- Advantages of urban living
What are urban issues that face mega cities?
- Over crowding
- Slum development
- Air pollution
- Traffic congestion
- Crime
- Homelessness
- Congestion
- Urban decay
- Absence of community
What is urban deprivation?
- A standard of living below that of the majority in a particular society - involves hardships and lack of access to resources
What are the causes of urban deprivation?
- Cost of housing: high cost makes more mobile homeowners and ghettos of welfare/low rent (Bedminster)
- Changing environment: exclusion of disenfranchised issues in neighbouring wards (prostitution and drugs in Stokes Croft/St Pauls)
- Ethnic dimension: discrimination, language barriers and ethnic segregation (Somali segregation in Easton)
What is multiple deprivation and urban social exclusion?
Combination of social, environmental and economic deprivation
Social exclusion = problems faced by residents in areas of multiple deprivation, social and physical circumstances exclude residents (employment/education/housin)
What are inner city characteristics?
- High out migration figures
- Vacant plots
- Derelict and empty properties
- School closures
- Poor levels of education
- High unemployment
- High crime and vandalism
What are the causes of inner city decline?
- Decentralisation of employment
- Fall in traditional manufacturing
- Growth in service sector did not accommodate or compensate for the job losses in the manufacturing sector
Characteristics/causes of urban decline?
- Low quality housing
- Empty/vacant properties
- Vandalism
- Few amenities
- Unattractive open spaces
- Tower block high rise buildings - ASBOs and vandals
- High crime rate
- Inner city residents marginalised
- Aggressive suburbanisation and counterurbanisation
Define Property Led Regeneration: UDCs
- Set up in 80s and 90s to take responsibility for physical/environmental/social regeneration of derelict inner cities
- UDCs given planning approval powers over local authority
- Encouraged to spend money on land, marketing and infrastructure
- Attract private investment
- Accounted for 40% of urban regeneration (1993)
