Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A2 Geography > World Cities Case Studies > Flashcards

World Cities Case Studies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Urbanisation case studies?

A

Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya
Lagos, Nigeria
Dharavi, India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the characteristics of Kibera?

A
  • Squatter settlement
  • Home to 1 million
  • Buildings made from weak material
  • Overcrowded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes the movement to Nairobi? (Kibera)

A
  • High employment rates in the city
  • Higher pay
  • Low access to water and services in rural areas
  • Opportunity to send money home
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the impacts of Kibera?

A
  • Spread of disease
  • Scarce water supplies
  • Open sewers
  • High crime and drug use
  • Flooding is common
  • No security
  • 50% unemployed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What planning and management strategies have been used in Kibera?

A
  • KENSUP
  • Relocation - decanting sites
  • Site and service- homes are improved/rebuilt and connected to mains and sewers
  • Residents move into homes and pay monthly fee to council for new accommodation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the characteristics of Lagos?

A
  • Slums
  • 11.4 million
  • Youthful population
  • Homes built from scrap materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes the movement to Lagos?

A
  • Mechanisation of farming
  • Lack of rural investment
  • Availability of jobs
  • Perception of less overcrowded houses with electricity an improved healthcare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the impacts of the movement to Lagos?

A
  • Lack of housing - needs 10,000 per year
  • Growth of slums
  • Open sewers
  • Limited electricity limited
  • Competition for jobs
  • Congestion = air pollution
  • High crime
  • Suppression of women
  • Gangs
  • Growth of informal sector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the management and planning strategies being used in Lagos?

A
  • New houses being built for new migrant to replace older ones
  • Health care is not free so patient numbers have dropped by 30% allowing more money to be spent on other things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the suburbanisation case study?

A

Bradley stoke, Bristol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of Bradley Stoke?

A
  • Population of 25,000
  • Detached and new semi detached houses and bungalows
  • Local shopping centres and schools
  • Parks, cemeteries, golf courses and playing fields
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes the movement to Bradley Stoke?

A
  • Initial development of transport networks
  • Schools: 6 primary schools and Bradley Stoke community school
  • Increasing adult population demanding households
  • The way in which people choose to live
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the positive impacts of the movement to Bradley Stoke?

A
  • Affordable housing
  • Away from city life so improved standard of living and health benefits
  • Growing retail sector
  • Perceived to be less crime and anti social behaviour
  • Safe environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the negative impacts of the movement to Bradley Stoke and other suburban areas?

A
  • Businesses clustering centres around Aztec West
  • Retail hypermarket Willow Brook
  • Ghettoisation and segregation
  • Transport networks needed
  • Greenbelt enroachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the planning and management strategies being used in Bradley Stoke?

A
  • A38 and M5
  • Building new homes on brownfield sites
  • Allowing buildings in rural areas and greenfield sites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the counter-urbanisation case study?

A

Backwell, Bristol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of Backwell?

A
  • Suburbanised village
  • 5400 pop
  • Young families
  • Closure of local services
  • Cul de sacs and bungalows
  • Rising house prices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes the movement to Backwell?

A
  • 3 primary schools and secondary school with sixth form
  • Commuter homes and executive housing
  • Negative reaction to city life
  • Car ownership means mobility
  • Rising demand for second homes and earlier retirement to rural areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the positive impacts of the movement to Backwell?

A
  • Increased value of property
  • Better living and working conditions
  • More trade for services
  • Property renovated and conserved
  • New employment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the negative impacts of the movement to Backwell?

A
  • Local people priced out of property market
  • Changes to service sector (estate agents and banks replace traditional service base)
  • Loss of traditional character
  • Increased traffic on rural roads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the planning and management strategies being used in Backwell?

A
  • Ribbon development along the A370 - building houses
  • New detached and semi detached houses
  • A good range of facilities provided
  • New settlements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two re-urbanisation case studies?

A

Southville and Stokes Croft, Bristol

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Southville?

A
  • Bristol’s Lower Clifton
  • Southville has been gentrified since the early 1980s
  • Artists in the area - Arts Trail
  • Average house price £250,000
24
Q

What are the causes of the movement to Southville?

A
  • Cultural hub: Bars, restaurants, the nationally renowned Tobacco Factory theatre, Bristol Beer Factory and specialist stores
  • Large scale investment and urban regneration
25
Q

What are the impacts of the movement to Southville?

A
  • Local people on low incomes find it difficult to purchase houses
  • The size of the privately rented sector decreases
  • Friction between newcomers and residents
26
Q

What are the planning and management strategies being used in Southville?

A
  • Previous low density development was replaced by higher densities
  • All harbourside area is easily accessible by visitors - walkways and open spaces
27
Q

What are the characteristics of Stokes Croft?

A
  • Cultural Quarter of Bristol
  • Gentrification
  • Redevelopment driven by the Arts
  • Increasingly middle class
  • Alternative artist quarter
28
Q

What caused the movement to Stokes Croft and other re-urbanised areas?

A
  • Sustainable communities
  • Work
  • Reliable income
  • Education opportunities
29
Q

What are the impacts of gentrification in re-urbanised areas such as Stokes Croft?

A
  • Social mix of area changes
  • Increase in bars and restaurants
  • Employment
  • Locals on low income find it difficult to afford housing
  • Private rented accommodation is sold off and reduces
  • Friction between incomers and original residents
30
Q

What are the processes operating in re-urbanised areas?

A
  • Gentrification - renovation of older properties
  • Property led regeneration
  • Partnership led regeneration
  • Development of sustainable communities
31
Q

Why did Detroit go into urban decline?

A
  • Economic disaster
  • US recession
  • Banks won’t pay to fix up houses
  • Main train station fell into disrepair
  • Globalisation/ mechanisation led to unemployment
  • Large businesses moved abroad
  • Gangs
  • Riots in 60s
  • Urban prairies
  • Police didn’t live in the neighbourhoods
  • Loss of community
  • Abandoned buildings weren’t looked after
  • Limited retail shops and grocery stores out of the city
  • Failed regeneration projects
32
Q

Why did Hulme in Manchester need regeneration?

A
  • High rise buildings
  • ASBO hubs
  • No community
  • High crime rate
  • Buildings infested
  • Local authority grouped together unfortunate residents
33
Q

What was done to regenerate Hulme?

A
  • Hulme City Challenge Partnership - 3000 new homes with new shopping areas, roads and community facilities
  • Houses and low rise flats
  • Refurbished shopping area - ASDA supermarket
  • Community centre
  • Crime reduced
  • Green areas and parks
  • Students and families living there
34
Q

Why was the regeneration of Hulme sustainable?

A
  • Changed reputation
  • Appearance is more appealing
  • Tourist potential: 2 million visitors a year
  • Science Museum, Granada Studios and Bridgewater Concert hall now main attractions
35
Q

Why did London need regeneration?

A
  • Population and employment decline post 1950s
  • High congestion
  • Lack of public transport
  • Limited shopping facilities
  • Urgent need for more affordable homes
  • Growing homelessness
  • Sustainable community needed
36
Q

What was done to regenerate London Docklands?

A 
Environmental: 
- Pedestrian and cycle routes 
- Open spaces 
- Ecology Park and bird sanctuary 
- 200,000 trees planted 
Economic:
- Transport - opening of Docklands Light Railway
- 2700 businesses trading 
- Building of airport 
- Attraction of financial and high tech firms 
- TV studios and newspapers have offices in Canary Wharf (Guardian)
Social:
- 22,000 new homes 
- New shopping centre built 
- Shopping centre at Canary Wharf 
- Restaurant/pubs/cafes
37
Q

Why was the London Docklands regeneration successful?

A
  • More trade for shopkeepers
  • Cheaper rents
  • Wide range of benefits
  • Greatly improved accessibility of docklands
  • Criticisms that it didn’t benefit original Eastenders
  • Locals unable to afford new expensive houses
  • Reduction in community
38
Q

What was done to regenerate Greenwhich in London?

A
  • Greenwhich Millennium Village
  • 1377 homes built
  • Sustainability, energy efficiency, waste management
  • Primary school
  • Health centre
39
Q

What are the characteristics of the CBD regeneration in Cabot Circus?

A
  • £500 million spent on regenerating CBD
  • Different retail offer
  • Open 10am-8pm on weekdays
  • 3.6 million consumers live within 60 mins
  • Offer the whole experience
40
Q

What are the pros of Cabot Circus?

A
  • Well connected via public transport
  • Interesting retail experience
  • Pedestrianised areas
  • Car park open 24/7 with over 2600 spaces
41
Q

What are the cons of Cabot Circus?

A
  • Congestion
  • Expensive parking fees
  • Not all covered against weather
  • Limited space for expansion
  • Land prices more expensive
42
Q

What are the characteristics of Cribbs Causeway out of town retail park?

A
  • £500 million spent on mixed land use redevelopment by Prestige Project Developments
  • Open weekdays 9.30am to 9pm
  • Just off M5 and A38
  • Over 150 stores and a retail park
  • Service sector provided
  • Combination of shopping and leisure (cinema and bowling and restaurants)
  • Constant buses
43
Q

What are the pros of Cribbs Causeway?

A
  • Easy access
  • Greater shopping choice
  • Free parking with over 7000 spaces
  • Room for expansion
  • Combination of shopping and leisure means full day out
  • Increased employment
44
Q

What are the cons of Cribbs Causeway?

A
  • Increase reliance on car
  • Decline of town centres
  • Employment mostly part time
  • Lack of character
45
Q

What other out of town retail centres could be mentioned?

A

Clarks Village Outlet centre

Trafford Centre in Manchester

46
Q

What other CBD could be mentioned?

A

St David’s Shopping Centre Cardiff

47
Q

How is waste in Nottingham being managed?

A
  • Waste local plan 2002 - Covers all forms of waste
  • Plan identifies potential future sites for new facilities - recycling, composting, energy recovery etc
  • Encourages waste management with minimal envrionmental impacts
  • 4 objectives: protecting environment, using resources, controlling pollution, encouraging awareness and involvement
  • Eastcroft incinerator - energy from waste scheme in 1960s
  • Incineration for energy
  • Updated in 90s to Combined Heat and Power
48
Q

What are the advantages of Nottingham’s waste management?

A
  • Covers all types of waste and introduces new technology
  • Sustainable as it creates energy
  • Incineration reduces CO2 emissions by 34,000 tonnes a year
  • CHP provides low cost energy to 11,000 homes
  • Consumer participation through enhanced public awareness
49
Q

What are the disadvantages of Nottingham’s waste management scheme?

A
  • Plans to extend incineration are unpopular
  • Incineration may lead to lessened efforts in recycling/composting
  • Costs of collection, transport and reprocessing are high
  • Recycling facilities are unslightly
  • Waste to energy facilities are expensive to construct
50
Q

How sustainable is Nottingham’s waste management scheme?

A
  • By 2020 the city will become self sufficient
  • Majority of waste is reused
  • Reliable source of fuel as people will always have waste
51
Q

How is waste in Semakau, Singapore, being managed?

A
  • Offshore man made island
  • Lined with impermeable membrane to prevent leakage
  • Covers a total area of 3.5 km
  • Waste taken in dump trucks to a tipping site where its unloaded into the landfill cell
  • Cells are covered with earth so grass and trees grow
  • In operation since 1999
52
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the waste management scheme in Singapore?

A

A:
- Clean and free of smell
- Serves as a habitat for a variety of birds, fish and plants as mangroves grow
- Educational project and could serve as a model for sustainable development around the world
- Nature conservation
- National Environment Agency are looking into developing an eco park
- Scheme has increased employment
D:
- Cost of $400 million
- Risk of incinerated waste getting into the oceans
- 2 mangroves destroyed during construction

53
Q

How sustainable is the waste management in Singapore?

A
  • Creates habitats and provides base for scientific research
  • Sustainable for over 25 years allowing the country to develop an even more sustainable strategy

A2 Geography (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions