Workshop 11: Eat, sleep, repeat

Question 1

what strategies can be implemented to improve communication with someone who has Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 1

• Writing down words
  * Drawing pictures,
  * Hand gestures, body language
  * Patience
  * Speaking slowly
  * Avoid interrupting
  * Reducing background noise and distractions.

Question 2

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 2

instigates hunger

Question 2

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 2

represses hunger

Question 3

How does your body know you’re full?

Answer 3

• As stomach fills, muscles sense the stretching
  
  • Vegas nerve = communicate to brain
  • Also signals by hormones - respond to specific nutrients
  • All to hypothalamus
  • Pancreas releases inulin, then releasing leptin which goes to hypothalamus
  • Leptin inhibits cells in hypothalamus that control hunger = no longer hungry
  • When hungry:
    Ghrelin hormone to hypothalamus = hunger

Question 4

Sleep: REM sleep

Answer 4

EEG Desynchrony

Lack of muscle tonus (except the eyes)

Rapid eye movements

Genital activity

Dreams

Question 5

Sleep: Slow-wave sleep

Answer 5

EEG Synchrony

Moderate muscle tonus

Slow or absent eye movement

Lack of genital activity

▪ Decreased activity in cortex except in visual and auditory cortices.

▪ Decrease in activity of thalamus and cerebellum

Question 6

Sleep regulation: Adenosine role

Answer 6

Decreased levels of brain glycogen result in higher levels of adenosine – a neuro modulator

As they day goes on (when awake) adenosine builds up

Question 7

Agonist of adenosine?

Answer 7

caffeine acts as an agonist to adenosine receptors in the brain

Question 8

What chemical causes narcolepsy?

Answer 8

Narcolepsy caused by irregulation of orexin

Question 9

What is allosteric sleep?

Answer 9

Stressful

Question 10

Preoptic area or hypothalamus: role

Answer 10

▪ Controls arousal neurons
▪ Anterior hypothalamus
▪ Supress/inhibit arousal neurons
▪ Release GABA

Preoptic nucleus, of hypothalamus inhibits the arousal centres of the brain by releasing GABBA

Question 11

Circadian rhythms

Answer 11

24 hour rhythmical change in behaviour

Question 12

What is responsible for the circadian rhythm?

Answer 12

Zietgeber – stimulus that resets the bio clock - responsible for circadian rhythm

Question 13

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 13

Part of hypothalamus

inhibits production of melatonin in pineal gland (when light is present)

detects the melanopsin in ganglion cells
= brain knows when light/ dark

(dark = melatonin produced)