worksheet blood 1 Flashcards
what is function of blood
- transports and delivers elements (oxygen, nutrients, leukocytes)
- removal of carbon dioxide and wast products
- lets body live and grow
what is the function of RBCs
delivering oxygen and removing waste
what are RBCs red
because of heamoglobin (contains iron, good for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide)
what is function of WBCs
fight germs, protect the body
produce antibodies
other time fagocytosis
lifespan of RBC
120 days max
lifespan WBCs
few days/ few weeks
why do we need plasma
transports blood cells/antibodies and platelets
what is function of platelets
They form clots to stop bleeding
- What is the typification of blood, into A, B, AB or O, based on
The blood type is determined by the presence of “A” and “B” or no molecules in a red blood cell.
How is it determined whether you are A+ or A-
the presence of a protein: the rhesus factor
is the rhesus factor important
yes, for blood donation or during pregnancy
what is the impact of the rhesus factor on pregnancy
if mother is positive and child isn’t then mother needs treatment to prevent child from getting as ‘haemolytic disease of the newborn”
what are the types of blood donation
whole blood donation
plasma donation
platelet donation
autologous donation
directed or designated donation
what is whole blood donation
consists of plasma, RBC & WBC and platelets
what is plasma donation
plasma is seperated from rest of components (who are returned to donor)
what is platelet donation
platelets are seperated rest is returned to donor
what is autologous donation
donation of your own blood to yourself
what is directed or designated donation
donation to a specific person
what is apheresis
a type of blood donation where the whole blood is being removed and separated into individual components with a centrifuge
why is apheresis used
if only a particular component is being donated (gets seperated)
what remains is given back to donor
what are donor qualifications
18min 70 max
healthy (not sick, cold, flu)
50+kg
normal temperature + blood presure
follow other guidelines
What is the interval for donating (whole) blood?
whole blood every 12 weeks
plasma every two weeks.
When is a bone marrow transplant necessary
It is necessary to treat diseases such as cancer,
anaemia and
immune deficiency disorders.
how does bone marrow transplantation work
- harvesting
- conditioning program
- transplanting
how does harvesting work
take bone marrow out
surgery
needle is put in hipbone, marrow is frozen or used directly
what is conditioning program
radiation and/or chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
lessens chance rejection new cells
(not needed if transplant is for immune deficiency disorder)
wat is transplanting
bone marrow given through IV
bone marrow goes into bones
inside bones it makes more blood cells
what is anaemia
less RBCs or heamoglobin than normal
what are symptoms of anaemia
- Tiredness
- Becoming easily fatigued
- Appearing pale
- Having a feeling of heart racing
- Shortness of breath
what are causes of aneamia
- Decreasing in the amount of red blood cells or haemoglobin.
- Loss or destruction of red blood cells.
wat is treatment for aneamia
medication and/or surgery. The treatment varies and depends on cause
what is leukemia
cancer of blood or blood-forming cells
symptoms of leukemia
- Fevers
- Night sweats
- Swollen lymph nodes that are usually painless
- Tiredness
- Easy bleeding or bruising
- Recurring nosebleeds
- Frequent infections
what is treatment for leukemia
chemotherapy.
Some may also have radiation therapy and/or bone marrow transplantation.
what is haemophilia
bleeding disorder
dysfunction in the blood clotting. It causes abnormal or exaggerated bleeding and poor blood clotting.
what are symptoms of haemophilia
- Excessive bleeding
- Long-term damage to joints from repeated bleeding episodes
- Bleeding from the mouth, the urinary tract, the muscles, and the skull
can haemophilia be cured
no cure, but there is a treatment
main treatment: replacement therapy (replacement of the blood clotting factors)
how does replacement theraphy work
- The clotting factor concentrates are infused into a vein, much like a blood transfusion.
