Working with Intellectual Dissabilities

Question 1

What 3 things do the Department of Health use to define Intellectual Disabilities?

Answer 1

Significant reduced ability to understand new or complex information / reduced ability to cope independently / a condition that started before adulthood

Question 2

How might you identify an ID?

Answer 2

Via IQ assessment / clinical assessment / at home / at school

Question 3

What is commonly used to measure IQ?

Answer 3

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - a neuropsychological assessment

Question 4

Describe the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Answer 4

Full scale IQ is comprised of verbal IQ and performance IQ / verbal IQ is comprised of verbal comprehension ad working memory / performance IQ is comprised of perceptual organisation and processing speed

Question 5

What 4 tests can be used in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale?

Answer 5

Vocabulary tests, digit span, block design and symbol search

Question 6

What is an average IQ and what is considered below average?

Answer 6

100 and 70

Question 7

What needs to be considered when measuring IQ?

Answer 7

That it is designed for the individual / constructed on the basis of normal distribution / reliable and valid / based on a multidimensional model of intelligence

Question 8

How does physical and physiological health care link in with ID?

Answer 8

They are more likely to develop physical and physiological health difficulties but less likely to access clinical services

Question 9

What 3 things are people with ID more at risk of?

Answer 9

Abuse, social deprivation and an inability to communicate MH feelings

Question 10

What factors need to be considered when clinically working with someone with an ID?

Answer 10

Assessment of capacity / behaviours which challenge services / MH difficulties / dementia / offending risk / physical health needs /supporting their carers

Question 11

What needs to be assessed when working with people with ID?

Answer 11

Cognitions / dementia / ASD / service needs / capacity to consent / risk assessment

Question 12

What is “Behaviour that Challenges”?

Answer 12

Behaviour which may put themselves or others at risk, due to aggression, self-injury or destructive behaviour / it is an appropriate response for them as it is their way of communicating

Question 13

What is positive behaviour support?

Answer 13

Managing behaviour that challenges / understanding the meaning and context of behaviour

Question 14

What are the key elements in Positive Behaviour Support?

Answer 14

Functional behavioural analysis / including the stakeholders perspective / use of ecological strategies to meet their needs / supporting strategies to meet the environment / enhancing quality of life

Question 15

What are the 3 stages in functional analysis?

Answer 15

Antecedent / behaviour / consequence

Question 16

What are the 4 functions of challenging behaviour?

Answer 16

Social attention / tangibles / escape / sensory

Question 17

How are behavioural interventions used in Challenging Behaviour?

Answer 17

Address the antecedents / address the consequences / address the function / work via others

Question 18

How is CBT used in Challenging Behaviour?

Answer 18

All behaviour is a product of an interaction between behaviours, cognitions and emotions

Question 19

What are some requirements for CBT to be possible with people with ID?

Answer 19

Emotional recognition / naming and reporting emotions / linking a situation and mood / memory / oriented in time and space / sequencing / understanding cause and effect / rating moods and beliefs / recording and writing

Question 20

How can CBT be modified for people with ID?

Answer 20

Use images and recordings to make notes instead of writing / structure sessions / allow more time / visual homework / engage family and carers

Question 21

What are the 3 main domains that adaptive functioning occurs in?

Answer 21

Conceptual / social / practical

Question 22

What are the main types of psychological difficulties that people with ID have to deal with?

Answer 22

Physical impairments = isolation
Vulnerability (housing, unemployment, income, isolation) = anxiety and depression
Stigma = extra pressure