Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some of the possible threatening events that could cause PTSD?

A

Natural disasters, accidents, sexual assaults, terrorist attacks, war, work related trauma

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2
Q

What % of people experience a traumatic event in their lifetime?

A

70%

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3
Q

What % of people go on to develop PTSD after experiencing a trauma?

A

5-10%

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4
Q

According to the readings, what are the most common psychological interventions fro PTSD?

A

Trauma focused CBT / eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing

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5
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria A, for PTSD?

A

Exposure to a traumatic event (actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation)

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6
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria B, for PTSD?

A

Intrusion symptoms (re-living and re-experiencing)

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7
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria C, for PTSD?

A

Avoidance

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8
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria D, for PTSD?

A

Negative alterations in cognition and mood

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9
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria E, for PTSD?

A

Alterations in arousal and reactivity

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10
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria F, for PTSD?

A

Duration of more than 1 month

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11
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria G, for PTSD?

A

Functional significance

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12
Q

According to the DSM5, what is criteria H, for PTSD?

A

Attribution (not due to substances)

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13
Q

What are flashbacks?

A

Vivid experiences which relive aspects of the trauma / incorporates the senses

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14
Q

What is complex PTSD?

A

When exposure to a trauma has been prolonged

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15
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD?

A

6-9%

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16
Q

What can lead to an increased risk of developing PTSD?

A

Female / low SES / pre-existing MH / ethnic minority / low social support / severity of exposure / interpersonal trauma’s

17
Q

What was the solution to the Cognitive Model of PTSD?

A

People remember a trauma in the here and now / in a way that poses a current threat

18
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in PTSD?

A

The amygdala is the system which triggers adrenaline and gets our body ready for fight or flight / can’t discriminate between real and perceived threat / amygdala functions when just thinking about the trauma

19
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus in PTSD?

A

Fails to time stamp and file away memories due to the overactivity of the amygdala / traumatic memories are relived as they aren’t time tagged

20
Q

What are the key features of trauma memories?

A

Come to mind uninvited / vivid / accompanied by senses

21
Q

What analogy is used for working with trauma memories?

A

Wardrobe analogy

22
Q

How does the wardrobe analogy explain working with trauma memories?

A

Need to to take the duvet out / might sting / easier with help / fold it up properly / store it away

23
Q

What things contribute to the feeling of a current threat, in Ehlers and Clarks (2000) model?

A

Negative appraisal of the trauma / disturbances of autobiographical memories / prevented elaboration of contextualisation of memories

24
Q

What is the key aim in preventing memories form posing as a current threat, in the cognitive model?

A

To process the trauma so that it is seen as time limited

25
Q

What are the NICE guidelines for treating PTSD?

A

No help should be given until after 4 weeks - not interfering with the natural process

26
Q

What are the preferences for treatment of PTSD?

A

Cognitive processing therapy / cognitive therapy / narrative exposure therapy / prolonged exposure therapy / EDMR

27
Q

What is the CBT formulation diagram for PTSD?

A

Memory - feeling of threat - unhelpful short term thoughts - unhelpful behaviours - unhelpful long term thoughts - failure to update

28
Q

CBT therapy structure for PTSD - session 1:

A

Set goals / psychoeductaion / formulation / rationale for re-living

29
Q

CBT therapy structure for PTSD - session 2:

A

Re-living / identify hotspots / cognitive restructuring

30
Q

CBT therapy structure for PTSD - sessions 3-4:

A

Re-living / updating

31
Q

CBT therapy structure for PTSD - sessions 5-12:

A

Re-living / sit visit / stimulus discrimination / addressing emotions

32
Q

CBT therapy structure for PTSD - session 12:

A

Therapy blue print and relapse prevention

33
Q

What is stimulus discrimination?

A

Comparing what we thought then with what we know now

34
Q

How are trauma memories updated via imaginal?

A

Relive the event in full detail with eyes closed / speak in the present tense / identify hotspots / discover what actually happened in a safe space

35
Q

How are trauma memories updated via in vivo?

A

Revisiting the trauma site / behavioural experiments with now safe stimuli

36
Q

How can hotspots be identified?

A

Find out what was the worst moment / what it meant in the moment / what you now know

37
Q

What are maintaining factors in PTSD?

A

Rumination / avoidance / safety behaviours / numbing / misinterpretations / thought suppression

38
Q

How does EMDR work?

A

Eye movements are desensitising / recall the traumatic event whilst following a therapists finger with your eyes / bilateral stimulation

39
Q

What are the stages of EMDR treatment?

A

History and planning / preparation / assessment / desensitisation via bilateral eye movements / installation / body scan / closure / re-evaluation