Personality Disorder

Question 1

According to Pidd, how many people have a personality disorder?

Answer 1

1 in 20

Question 2

What is PD highly comorbid with?

Answer 2

Substance abuse

Question 3

Approximately how many prisoners have PD?

Answer 3

50-70%

Question 4

What did Pidd label the three clusters of PD?

Answer 4

Odd, dramatic and anxious

Question 5

What are the two most common types of PD, according to Pidd?

Answer 5

Antisocial PD and Borderline PD

Question 6

According to Pidd’s research, what evidence suggests that therapy is effective in PD?

Answer 6

Reduction in suicide, self harm and hospital re-admissions / Increase in employment, housing and physical health

Question 7

What is personality?

Answer 7

Enduring features of the individual / their view of themselves and others

Question 8

What’s personality disorder?

Answer 8

Variations or exaggerations of normal personality attributes / impairs well-being and social functioning

Question 9

What is the ICD classification of PD?

Answer 9

Enduring disturbances characterised by problems in functioning

Question 10

Is PD viewed categorically or dimensionally? Why?

Answer 10

Dimensionally / few people with PD fit into one category

Question 11

What are the characteristics of borderline personality disorder?

Answer 11

Instability of interpersonal relationships / impulsive behaviour / rapid fluctuations of mood / fear of rejection and abandonment / suicidal tendencies / substantial impairment

Question 12

What are the issues with diagnosing personality disorder?

Answer 12

Low reliability and validity / stigma

Question 13

What are the benefits of diagnosing personality disorder?

Answer 13

Pragmatism / communication / treatments / internal conceptual frame work / development and research

Question 14

What % of the general population have PD?

Answer 14

10%

Question 15

What are some of the causes of PD?

Answer 15

Genetics / insecure attachments / emotional neglect / family dysfunction / childhood trauma / stress-vulnerability

Question 16

What 3 types of insecure attachment make people more likely to develop PD? What do each of these entail?

Answer 16

Avoidant: ignoring distress
Ambivalent: inconsistent responses
Disorganised: frightening caregiver

Question 17

What are the 4 stages in the Model of Disorganised Attachment?

Answer 17

Distress/fear / activation fo attachment system / seeks proximity / exposed to maltreatment

Question 18

What are the 5 types of therapy for PD?

Answer 18

Mentalization based therapy / dialectical behavioural therapy / schema based therapy / STEPPS programme / structured clinical management

Question 19

How does mentalization based therapy work?

Answer 19

Based on attachment / understanding that behaviours arise from mental states / promote mentalization about self, others and relationships / curious enquiry / collaborative / keep an optimal arousal level

Question 20

How does dialectical behavioural therapy work?

Answer 20

CBT and mindfulness techniques / dysfunction is due to difficulties in emotional regulation / need to improve emotional regulation / dialectics (balance opposites)

Question 21

How does schema based therapy work?

Answer 21

Cognitive therapy / behaviour is an expression of an underlying core belief or schema

Question 22

How does the STEPPS programme work?

Answer 22

Psychoeductaional / teaching about schema’s / includes CBT techniques (relaxation, distraction and problem solving)

Question 23

How does structured clinical management work?

Answer 23

Uses MBT and DBT / emphasis on clear structure / collaborative / learn to tolerate emotions / manage impulsivity / taught about schemas

Question 24

What are the recommended key aspects of BPD treatments?

Answer 24

Goal focused / no treatment model is superior / intensive / long term / well-structured / focus of engagement and collaboration