Personality Disorder Flashcards
According to Pidd, how many people have a personality disorder?
1 in 20
What is PD highly comorbid with?
Substance abuse
Approximately how many prisoners have PD?
50-70%
What did Pidd label the three clusters of PD?
Odd, dramatic and anxious
What are the two most common types of PD, according to Pidd?
Antisocial PD and Borderline PD
According to Pidd’s research, what evidence suggests that therapy is effective in PD?
Reduction in suicide, self harm and hospital re-admissions / Increase in employment, housing and physical health
What is personality?
Enduring features of the individual / their view of themselves and others
What’s personality disorder?
Variations or exaggerations of normal personality attributes / impairs well-being and social functioning
What is the ICD classification of PD?
Enduring disturbances characterised by problems in functioning
Is PD viewed categorically or dimensionally? Why?
Dimensionally / few people with PD fit into one category
What are the characteristics of borderline personality disorder?
Instability of interpersonal relationships / impulsive behaviour / rapid fluctuations of mood / fear of rejection and abandonment / suicidal tendencies / substantial impairment
What are the issues with diagnosing personality disorder?
Low reliability and validity / stigma
What are the benefits of diagnosing personality disorder?
Pragmatism / communication / treatments / internal conceptual frame work / development and research
What % of the general population have PD?
10%
What are some of the causes of PD?
Genetics / insecure attachments / emotional neglect / family dysfunction / childhood trauma / stress-vulnerability
What 3 types of insecure attachment make people more likely to develop PD? What do each of these entail?
Avoidant: ignoring distress
Ambivalent: inconsistent responses
Disorganised: frightening caregiver
What are the 4 stages in the Model of Disorganised Attachment?
Distress/fear / activation fo attachment system / seeks proximity / exposed to maltreatment
What are the 5 types of therapy for PD?
Mentalization based therapy / dialectical behavioural therapy / schema based therapy / STEPPS programme / structured clinical management
How does mentalization based therapy work?
Based on attachment / understanding that behaviours arise from mental states / promote mentalization about self, others and relationships / curious enquiry / collaborative / keep an optimal arousal level
How does dialectical behavioural therapy work?
CBT and mindfulness techniques / dysfunction is due to difficulties in emotional regulation / need to improve emotional regulation / dialectics (balance opposites)
How does schema based therapy work?
Cognitive therapy / behaviour is an expression of an underlying core belief or schema
How does the STEPPS programme work?
Psychoeductaional / teaching about schema’s / includes CBT techniques (relaxation, distraction and problem solving)
How does structured clinical management work?
Uses MBT and DBT / emphasis on clear structure / collaborative / learn to tolerate emotions / manage impulsivity / taught about schemas
What are the recommended key aspects of BPD treatments?
Goal focused / no treatment model is superior / intensive / long term / well-structured / focus of engagement and collaboration
