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CONTEMPORARY URBAN ENVIRONMENTS > Work Notes > Flashcards

Work Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

The spread of city infrastructure into the surrounding countryside

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1
Q

What is a world city?

A

A city that acts a major centre for finance, trade, business, politics and culture

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2
Q

Why is population density tend to be high in urban areas?

A

Because of lack of housing

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3
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

People moving into cities from rural areas

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4
Q

What is suburbanisation?

A

When people move from city centres to the outskirts of cities

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5
Q

What is counter-urbanisation?

A

People move out of the city altogether and move into villages and rural areas

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6
Q

What is urban resurgence?

A

The movement of people back into the city centre by regeneration or gentification

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7
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city with a population of 10m or over

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8
Q

What is a metacity?

A

A conurbation with more than 20m

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9
Q

What is urban growth?

A

An increase in the number of urban dwellers

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10
Q

What is a conurbation?

A

Cities join with towns or other cities

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11
Q

What are agglomerations?

A

When conurbations join together

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12
Q

What are 3 push factors for people to move out of cities?

A

Conflict
Population growth
Natural disasters

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13
Q

What are 3 pull factors for people to move into cities?

A

Better healthcare
Job opportunities
Better education

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14
Q

What are 3 negatives of urban sprawl?

A

More congestion
Increased pollution
Loss of green spaces

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15
Q

Why was there a change to UK city centres in the 70s and 80s?

A

Mass unemployment
Industries shutting down

16
Q

What does the Burgess model of cities show?

A

Series of concentric circles e.g CBD

17
Q

Why does counter-urbanisation occur?

A

Less overcrowding
Less crime
Placelessness in cities

18
Q

Why are urban heat islands an issue?

A

Impacts on green spaces

19
Q

What are 3 solutions for UHIs?

A

Cool surfaces
Green roads
Urban greening

20
Q

What is diaspora?

A

A group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world

21
Q

What is social segregation?

A

When groups of people live apart from the larger population due to factors such as wealth, age and ethnicity

22
Q

What is an example of economic inequality in a city?

A

Antilla in Mumbai

23
Q

Why is precipitation higher in urban areas?

A

Warmer
UHI
Higher levels of concrete

24
Q

What is the Venturi effect?

A

The squeezing of the wind into an increasing narrow gap in a pressure and a velocity increase.

25
Q

What is deprivation?

A

A situation in which you don’t have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life

26
Q

How is deprivation measured?

A

The indices of multiple deprivation

27
Q

What does the IMD used for?

A

To rank neighbourhoods across the UK

28
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A

The level of poverty as defined in terms of the minimal requirements of food, clothing etc

29
Q

What is relative poverty?

A

When a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards compared to others

30
Q

Why does deprivation relate to urban form? 2 points

A

Inner city is most likely to suffer decline
Tends to occur in places with a high population density

31
Q

What is urban decline?

A

A process in which a previously functioning city or city area falls in disrepair and disuse

32
Q

What are 2 common indicators of urban decline?

A

Abandonment
Unemployment levels

33
Q

What are 3 characteristics of urban decline?

A

Lack of skills
Deprivation
Poverty

34
Q

What are 3 main causes of inner city decline in the UK since WW2?

A

Rise in the service economy
Lack of investment
Deindustrialisation

35
Q

How do you tackle urban decline? 3 solutions

A

Enforcing a living wage
Access to affordable housing
Greater provision of public transport

CONTEMPORARY URBAN ENVIRONMENTS (14 decks)

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