Work Notes Flashcards
What is urban sprawl?
The spread of city infrastructure into the surrounding countryside
What is a world city?
A city that acts a major centre for finance, trade, business, politics and culture
Why is population density tend to be high in urban areas?
Because of lack of housing
What is urbanisation?
People moving into cities from rural areas
What is suburbanisation?
When people move from city centres to the outskirts of cities
What is counter-urbanisation?
People move out of the city altogether and move into villages and rural areas
What is urban resurgence?
The movement of people back into the city centre by regeneration or gentification
What is a megacity?
A city with a population of 10m or over
What is a metacity?
A conurbation with more than 20m
What is urban growth?
An increase in the number of urban dwellers
What is a conurbation?
Cities join with towns or other cities
What are agglomerations?
When conurbations join together
What are 3 push factors for people to move out of cities?
Conflict
Population growth
Natural disasters
What are 3 pull factors for people to move into cities?
Better healthcare
Job opportunities
Better education
What are 3 negatives of urban sprawl?
More congestion
Increased pollution
Loss of green spaces
Why was there a change to UK city centres in the 70s and 80s?
Mass unemployment
Industries shutting down
What does the Burgess model of cities show?
Series of concentric circles e.g CBD
Why does counter-urbanisation occur?
Less overcrowding
Less crime
Placelessness in cities
Why are urban heat islands an issue?
Impacts on green spaces
What are 3 solutions for UHIs?
Cool surfaces
Green roads
Urban greening
What is diaspora?
A group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world
What is social segregation?
When groups of people live apart from the larger population due to factors such as wealth, age and ethnicity
What is an example of economic inequality in a city?
Antilla in Mumbai
Why is precipitation higher in urban areas?
Warmer
UHI
Higher levels of concrete
What is the Venturi effect?
The squeezing of the wind into an increasing narrow gap in a pressure and a velocity increase.
What is deprivation?
A situation in which you don’t have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life
How is deprivation measured?
The indices of multiple deprivation
What does the IMD used for?
To rank neighbourhoods across the UK
What is absolute poverty?
The level of poverty as defined in terms of the minimal requirements of food, clothing etc
What is relative poverty?
When a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards compared to others
Why does deprivation relate to urban form? 2 points
Inner city is most likely to suffer decline
Tends to occur in places with a high population density
What is urban decline?
A process in which a previously functioning city or city area falls in disrepair and disuse
What are 2 common indicators of urban decline?
Abandonment
Unemployment levels
What are 3 characteristics of urban decline?
Lack of skills
Deprivation
Poverty
What are 3 main causes of inner city decline in the UK since WW2?
Rise in the service economy
Lack of investment
Deindustrialisation
How do you tackle urban decline? 3 solutions
Enforcing a living wage
Access to affordable housing
Greater provision of public transport
