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CONTEMPORARY URBAN ENVIRONMENTS > Urban Change > Flashcards

Urban Change Flashcards

1
Q

What was the scheme that took place in 1979 to the 1990s that used funding to restore derelict areas?

A

UDCs - Urban Development Corporations

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2
Q

What were the first UDCs established and when?

A

London Docklands in 1981.

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3
Q

What were the 4 main aims of the London Docklands UDC?

A

To attract new businesses.
Improve the environment.
Create jobs
Build new housing.

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4
Q

Between 1981 and 1998, how many new homes were built? LD UDC

A

50,000 new houses for professionals.

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5
Q

Between 1981 and 1998, how many jobs were created? LD UDC

A

85,000-100k jobs created

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6
Q

What else was built as part of the corporation?

A

New schools
Parks
Community facilities

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7
Q

By 1993, how many UDCs were established?

A

12 new UDCS

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8
Q

Why were the UDCs criticised?

A

For ignoring the needs of local residents.

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9
Q

What are 2 examples of needs of local residents?

A

Affordable housing
Suitable jobs

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10
Q

What was the scheme that was set up in 1981 to present?

A

Enterprise Zones

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11
Q

Where were Enterprise Zones established?

A

In areas with high unemployment.

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12
Q

What was the aim of EZs?

A

To attract start-up companies to create jobs.

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13
Q

By 1990, how many companies were housed in EZs?

A

Over 5000 companies

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14
Q

What was a disadvantage of the EZs?

A

Tax reductions encouraged many existing companies to move.

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15
Q

What was the scheme that was set up in 1991-1997?

A

City Challenge

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16
Q

What was the City Challenge scheme?

A

Where local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas.

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17
Q

What did CC do?

A

Worked with local community to improve environment of the area.

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18
Q

What was a criticism of the CC scheme?

A

Many areas didn’t receive funding.

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19
Q

By 1997, how many jobs were created? CC

A

Over 50,000 jobs

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20
Q

By 1997, how many houses were improved? CC

A

40,000 houses improved

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21
Q

What was the scheme that was in 2010 till present?

A

Partnership schemes

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22
Q

What is a partnership scheme?

A

When government works with private companies to provide financial support.

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23
Q

What was the aim of the partnership scheme?

A

To improve physical, economic and social conditions in deprived areas.

24
Q

Example of Partnership scheme?

A

Liverpool

25
Q

Name 3 regeneration schemes used by the UK government since 1979.

A

City Challenge
UDCs
Enterprise Zones

26
Q

Example of a place where CC took place?

A

Hulme, Manchester

27
Q

Give 1 economic reason why people might want to move from rural areas to urban areas.

A

Better job opportunities which are often better paid.

28
Q

When did the UDCs get established in LD?

A

1981

29
Q

What were the 3 main aims for UDCs?

A

Attract new businesses
Improve local environment
Create jobs

30
Q

What did the LD regeneration help London become?

A

Premier world city

31
Q

How much was spent to improve schools, parks and community facilities?

A

20 million

32
Q

Why were the UDCs criticised?

A

For ignoring the needs of local residents and there is still significant deprivation

33
Q

Why did the Docklands need regenerating?

A

Left to decay due to a loss of trade

34
Q

How high was unemployment when the Docklands were lost?

A

21% - 30k jobs were lost between 1970-1980

35
Q

What opened in 1987 which cost £73 million?

A

Docklands Light Railways - DLR

36
Q

When did the City Challenge scheme start?

A

1990s

37
Q

What was the main aim for CC?

A

To regenerate deprived urban areas by local authorities competing for funding from government

38
Q

How many jobs did CC create?

A

50k jobs

39
Q

How many houses were improved due to CC?

A

40k houses

40
Q

How much did Hulme receive in funding?

A

£37.5 million

41
Q

Why was CC criticised?

A

Because other areas were left out because their bid wasn’t accepted

42
Q

What got demolished in Hulme?

A

The Crescents

43
Q

How many houses were built where the Crescents were?

A

3000 houses built

44
Q

What did CC encourage?

A

Investment

45
Q

When was City Deals established?

A

2011-Present

46
Q

How many deals were agreed for cities to take responsibility?

A

26 deals

47
Q

What is the 2 main aims of City Deals?

A

Design growth strategies to help businesses grow
Create economic growth

48
Q

What is an example of City Deals?

A

Manchester Working Well

49
Q

Was City Deals successful?

A

Proven successful in delivering increased economic activity and infrastructure funding in a number of cities

50
Q

What was a disadvantage of City Deals?

A

Many employees feel that adult employment and skills funding schemes were too fragmented

51
Q

When was New Deals for Communities established?

A

2001-2011

52
Q

Where was one of the NDFC schemes?

A

Devonport, Plymouth

53
Q

What were these NDFC partnerships established to do?

A

Carry out 10-year strategic programmes designed to transform the 39 most deprived neighbourhoods and improve the lives of those in them

54
Q

What results did they see between 2000-2008 in NDC areas?

A

Improvements in 32 of 36 core indicators e.g crime, health etc

55
Q

What was a positive result of NDFC?

A

Benefitted local residents unlike UDC

56
Q

Why did Devonport need regenerating?

A

It is a naval town in the port of Plymouth and there was a high naval wall which split the town and displaced residents.

57
Q

What was a criticism of NDFC?

A

Delivered greater positive change for place rather than people

CONTEMPORARY URBAN ENVIRONMENTS (14 decks)

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