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contemporary urban environments > Urban Change > Flashcards

Urban Change Flashcards

1
Q

Why do cities attract people from rural areas?

A

Because they offer more job opportunities and jobs are often better paid.

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2
Q

What happens to businesses as the urban population increases?

A

Grow in size and become more profitable.

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3
Q

What does the decline in agricultural jobs drive?

A

More people into towns and cities

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4
Q

What do cities tend to have higher than rural areas?

A

Higher living standards

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5
Q

What happens when more people move into a city and the economy grows?

A

Becomes a centre for cultural expression e.g libraries open

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6
Q

What does the migration of people into urban areas increase?

A

The diversity of people coming from different backgrounds.

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7
Q

What can a increase of diversity do in urban areas?

A

Can make people more tolerant and create a welcoming environment for more migrants.

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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of having a diverse population?

A

Segregation

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9
Q

What has happened to cities with the emergence of factories?

A

Become hotspots for technological advancement.

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10
Q

What can urban growth lead to?

A

Increased inequalities between rich and poor people.

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11
Q

What does political reform focus on?

A

Issues that affect urban life

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12
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

A decline in the importance of industrial activity for a place.

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13
Q

What does deindustrialisation cause?

A

Unemployment and poverty

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14
Q

What is decentralisation?

A

As land prices in city centres increase, businesses may relocate to suburbs.

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15
Q

What has decentralisation caused?

A

A rise in OOOSC and abandoned buildings, job losses

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16
Q

What was the scheme that took place in 1979 to the 1990s that used funding to restore derelict areas?

A

UDCs - Urban Development Corporations

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17
Q

What were the first UDCs established and when?

A

London Docklands in 1981.

18
Q

What were the 4 main aims of the London Docklands UDC?

A

To attract new businesses.
Improve the environment.
Create jobs
Build new housing.

19
Q

Between 1981 and 1998, how many new homes were built? LD UDC

A

24,000 new houses for professionals.

20
Q

Between 1981 and 1998, how many jobs were created? LD UDC

A

85,000 jobs created

21
Q

What else was built as part of the corporation?

A

New schools
Parks
Community facilities

22
Q

By 1993, how many UDCs were established?

A

12 new UDCS

23
Q

Why were the UDCs criticised?

A

For ignoring the needs of local residents.

24
Q

What are 2 examples of needs of local residents?

A

Affordable housing
Suitable jobs

25
Q

What was the scheme that was set up in 1981 to present?

A

Enterprise Zones

26
Q

Where were Enterprise Zones established?

A

In areas with high unemployment.

27
Q

What was the aim of EZs?

A

To attract start-up companies to create jobs.

28
Q

By 1990, how many companies were housed in EZs?

A

Over 5000 companies

29
Q

What was a disadvantage of the EZs?

A

Tax reductions encouraged many existing companies to move.

30
Q

What was the scheme that was set up in 1991-1997?

A

City Challenge

31
Q

What was the City Challenge scheme?

A

Where local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas.

32
Q

What did CC do?

A

Worked with local community to improve environment of the area.

33
Q

What was a criticism of the CC scheme?

A

Many areas didn’t receive funding.

34
Q

By 1997, how many jobs were created? CC

A

Over 50,000 jobs

35
Q

By 1997, how many houses were improved? CC

A

40,000 houses improved

36
Q

What was the scheme that was in 2010 till present?

A

Partnership schemes

37
Q

What is a partnership scheme?

A

When government works with private companies to provide financial support.

38
Q

What was the aim of the partnership scheme?

A

To improve physical, economic and social conditions in deprived areas.

39
Q

Example of Partnership scheme?

A

Liverpool

40
Q

Name 3 regeneration schemes used by the UK government since 1979.

A

City Challenge
UDCs
Enterprise Zones

41
Q

Example of a place where CC took place?

A

Hulme, Manchester

42
Q

Give 1 economic reason why people might want to move from rural areas to urban areas.

A

Better job opportunities which are often better paid.

contemporary urban environments (14 decks)

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