Urbanisation Flashcards
In 1950, how many people lived in urban areas? percentage
30%
In 2014, how many people lived in urban areas?
50%
Why has the urban population only increased slightly since 1945?
Because urbanisation began much earlier during the industrial revolution.
What is urbanisation?
The proportion of people in living urban areas
Why does urbanisation happen?
Migration - better access to schools, jobs and healthcare
What is suburbanisation?
The migration of people from city centres to the outskirts of cities.
Why does suburbanisation occur?
Because town centres get overcrowded and people want more space - there are also improved transport links so people can commute into centre
Why does economic and ethnic segregation occur in cities?
Because wealthier middle class may move to the suburbs due to quality of life and this leaves the poorer behind.
What is counter-urbanisation?
Movement of people out of the city into surrounding villages and rural areas.
Why do people leave cities?
High property prices
Overcrowding
Quieter
What is urban resurgence?
Movement of people back to the city centre.
Why does urban resurgence occur?
Lack of jobs in rural areas
New developments
New shops and services
What is a megacity?
An urban area with a population of over 10 million people.
Why do megacities develop?
Rural-urban migration and natural increase.
What is rural-urban migration?
When people move from rural areas to urban areas.
Why do megacities dominate the national and regional economies of countries?
Because companies choose to build their headquarters in cities with a high number of skilled workers and good transport links.
What is a world city?
A city that acts as a major centre for finance, trade, business, politics, culture etc.
Name 4 examples of a world city
London
NY
Dubai
Rio
Give 2 characteristics of world cities.
Usually dominate international trade and regional economies in their area.
Home to world-renowned universities
What is urban sprawl?
The spread of city buildings and houses into the surrounding countryside.
How many people are estimated to live in informal settlements globally?
1.6 Billion people - 25% of the urban population.
List 3 negatives of urban sprawl
Loss of green spaces
Increased pollution
More congestion
Why is waste disposal a issue in cities?
Hygiene issues
Harm wildlife
Visual pollution
Why is waste disposal a opportunity for cities?
Creates jobs
Recycling easier
What is a metacity?
A conurbation with more than 20 million people.
What is a conurbation?
Cities join with towns
What is a agglomeration?
When conurbations join together
What is natural increase?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
What are 3 push factors to cause people to move from urban areas?
Wars
Natural disasters
Overcrowding
What are 3 pull factors to cause people to move to urban areas?
Employment
Better healthcare
Better education
