Work and the Political Economy Flashcards
social arrangements that organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods
economy
an economic system based on small nomadic groups lightly exploiting animal and plant foods for immediate consumption
hunting and gathering
an economic system based on domesticating animals and plants
horticulturalism
an economic system based on tending herds of large animals
pastoralism
an economic system that employs plow technology
agriculture
an economic system based on using non-animate sources of energy
industrialization
an economic system based on knowledge-based activities and the service sector rather than on manufacturing goods
post industrialization
jobs dedicated to exploiting raw materials (e.g logging, mining)
primary sector
jobs that transform raw materials into consumer goods (eg. cars, furniture)
secondary sector
jobs that provide services (eg. teaching, nursing) rather than goods
tertiary sector
jobs that provide stable and comfortable salaries, potential growth and promotion, and fringe benefits, but that also require postsecondary training or education
primary labour market
prestigious occupations the require specialized knowledge and are regulated by a governing body
professions
jobs that are insecure and temporary, offer minimal pay, and provide few opportunities to advance
secondary labour market
organizations that represent workers to improve wages and working conditions through collective bargaining and strikes
labour unions
Durkheim’s mechanism to promote the integration of workers
occuptational groups
an area of research dedicated to helping workers integrate into an organization and identify with its goals
human resource management
an economic system grounded in the private ownership of the means of production
capitalism
a political and economic system that combines freemarket principles with varying degrees of social welfare programs
state/welfare capitalism
an economic system in which raw materials and the means of production are collectively owned
socialism
Marx’s hypothetical economic system in which ownership of the means of production is collective and workers labour is not exploited
communism
the endeavour to gain and maintain control of the state apparatus
politics
an institution that maintains a monopoly over legitimate use of force in a given territory
state
the excercise of power over a group of people to direct them to comply with specific commands
domination
exists when subordinates consider domination by leaders to be legitimate
authority
the exercise of power as legitimated by long established cutural patterns and traditions
traditional authority
the exercise of power as legitimated through laws, rules, and regulations
rational-legal authority
the exercise of power as legitimated through the personal magnetism of individuals who compel people to believe in them and grant their support
charismatic authority
a rational organization designed to complete many rountine tasks as efficiently as possible
bureaucracy
a legal entity that can own property and enter into contracts for the benefit of its shareholders
corporation
a political system grounded on the rule of an individual or family that is passed from generation to generation
monarchy
monarchs are defined through family membership or a divine connection that confirms the righteousness of their rule
absolute monarchy
monarchs are largely symbolic in that true leadership is held by an elected body
constitutional monarchy
political systems controlled by rulers who reject the rights of citizens to participate directly in the actions of government
authoritarian regimes
a system in which a leader relies on personal loyalties and threats of force to main-tain rule
dictatorship
military leaders who seize political power
military juntas
a form of authoritarianism in which there are no limits on leaders use of force and the state apparatus attempts to regulate virtually all areas of people’s lives
totalitarianism
a poltical system in which individual adult citizens select their representative leaders through an electoral process
democracy
a system that requires citizens to be involved personally in decision making through open and engaged debate and discussion
participatory democracy
a system in which citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf and to convey their concerns and issues to the broader collective
representative democracy
the head of the federal government in Canada
prime minister
a committee made up of ministers in charge of government departments
cabinet
nonelected officials appointed by the federal government to represent their constituencies as well as the interests of all Canadians
senators
elected members of parliament who do not hold a cabinet position
backbenchers
the crown’s representative at the federal level in Canada
governor general
the crown’s representative in each of Canada’s 10 provinces
lieutenant governor
the federal government’s representative in each of Canada’s three territories
territorial commisssioner
