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Sociology > Work and the Political Economy > Flashcards

Work and the Political Economy Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

social arrangements that organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods

A

economy

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2
Q

an economic system based on small nomadic groups lightly exploiting animal and plant foods for immediate consumption

A

hunting and gathering

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3
Q

an economic system based on domesticating animals and plants

A

horticulturalism

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4
Q

an economic system based on tending herds of large animals

A

pastoralism

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5
Q

an economic system that employs plow technology

A

agriculture

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6
Q

an economic system based on using non-animate sources of energy

A

industrialization

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7
Q

an economic system based on knowledge-based activities and the service sector rather than on manufacturing goods

A

post industrialization

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8
Q

jobs dedicated to exploiting raw materials (e.g logging, mining)

A

primary sector

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9
Q

jobs that transform raw materials into consumer goods (eg. cars, furniture)

A

secondary sector

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10
Q

jobs that provide services (eg. teaching, nursing) rather than goods

A

tertiary sector

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11
Q

jobs that provide stable and comfortable salaries, potential growth and promotion, and fringe benefits, but that also require postsecondary training or education

A

primary labour market

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12
Q

prestigious occupations the require specialized knowledge and are regulated by a governing body

A

professions

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13
Q

jobs that are insecure and temporary, offer minimal pay, and provide few opportunities to advance

A

secondary labour market

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14
Q

organizations that represent workers to improve wages and working conditions through collective bargaining and strikes

A

labour unions

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15
Q

Durkheim’s mechanism to promote the integration of workers

A

occuptational groups

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16
Q

an area of research dedicated to helping workers integrate into an organization and identify with its goals

A

human resource management

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17
Q

an economic system grounded in the private ownership of the means of production

A

capitalism

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18
Q

a political and economic system that combines freemarket principles with varying degrees of social welfare programs

A

state/welfare capitalism

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19
Q

an economic system in which raw materials and the means of production are collectively owned

A

socialism

20
Q

Marx’s hypothetical economic system in which ownership of the means of production is collective and workers labour is not exploited

A

communism

21
Q

the endeavour to gain and maintain control of the state apparatus

A

politics

22
Q

an institution that maintains a monopoly over legitimate use of force in a given territory

A

state

23
Q

the excercise of power over a group of people to direct them to comply with specific commands

A

domination

24
Q

exists when subordinates consider domination by leaders to be legitimate

A

authority

25
Q

the exercise of power as legitimated by long established cutural patterns and traditions

A

traditional authority

26
Q

the exercise of power as legitimated through laws, rules, and regulations

A

rational-legal authority

27
Q

the exercise of power as legitimated through the personal magnetism of individuals who compel people to believe in them and grant their support

A

charismatic authority

28
Q

a rational organization designed to complete many rountine tasks as efficiently as possible

A

bureaucracy

29
Q

a legal entity that can own property and enter into contracts for the benefit of its shareholders

A

corporation

30
Q

a political system grounded on the rule of an individual or family that is passed from generation to generation

A

monarchy

31
Q

monarchs are defined through family membership or a divine connection that confirms the righteousness of their rule

A

absolute monarchy

32
Q

monarchs are largely symbolic in that true leadership is held by an elected body

A

constitutional monarchy

33
Q

political systems controlled by rulers who reject the rights of citizens to participate directly in the actions of government

A

authoritarian regimes

34
Q

a system in which a leader relies on personal loyalties and threats of force to main-tain rule

A

dictatorship

35
Q

military leaders who seize political power

A

military juntas

36
Q

a form of authoritarianism in which there are no limits on leaders use of force and the state apparatus attempts to regulate virtually all areas of people’s lives

A

totalitarianism

37
Q

a poltical system in which individual adult citizens select their representative leaders through an electoral process

A

democracy

38
Q

a system that requires citizens to be involved personally in decision making through open and engaged debate and discussion

A

participatory democracy

39
Q

a system in which citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf and to convey their concerns and issues to the broader collective

A

representative democracy

40
Q

the head of the federal government in Canada

A

prime minister

41
Q

a committee made up of ministers in charge of government departments

A

cabinet

42
Q

nonelected officials appointed by the federal government to represent their constituencies as well as the interests of all Canadians

A

senators

43
Q

elected members of parliament who do not hold a cabinet position

A

backbenchers

44
Q

the crown’s representative at the federal level in Canada

A

governor general

45
Q

the crown’s representative in each of Canada’s 10 provinces

A

lieutenant governor

46
Q

the federal government’s representative in each of Canada’s three territories

A

territorial commisssioner

Sociology (10 decks)

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