Race Flashcards
minority
a definable group of people who are socially disadvantage
not about size
lack of social power
distinct from the majority
majority
a definable group of people who are socially advantage
have social power
race
historically, a group of people that was physically and genetically distinguished from other groups
appearance: skin color, hair etc.
racialization
process of attributing complex characteristics (eg. intelligence, athletic abilities) to racial categories
Ex. All black athletes are better than white athletes
internalized racism
occurs when members of a racial group assume that attributes associated with that racial classification and internalized them as part of their identities
ethnicity
multidimensional concept that includes one’s minority or majority status, ancestry, language + often religious affiliation
ethnic group
a collection of people who identify with each other and share a common culture
prejudice
a negative prejudgment about a person or group that is irrational, long lasting, and not based on fact
ecological fallacy
drawing conclusions about INDIVIDUAL attributes from data gathered from entire group
exception fallacy
drawing conclusions about an ENTIRE GROUP based on observations of individuals
stereotype
a stable and sweeping generalization about a category of people
racism
an ideology that maintains that one “race” is inherently superior to another
democratic racism
a system that advocates equality but in fact perpetuates minority differentiation and oppression
discrimination
actions that deny or grant advantages to members of a particular group
- individual discrimination
occurs when an individual advantages or disadvantages another b/c of that person’s group membership
EX. don’t hire teacher b/c Italian
- Direct institutional discrimination
occurs when an institution employs policies or practices that are discriminatory towards a person or group a right/freedom
EX. residential schools
- indirect institutional discrimination
when individuals are treated differently based on unlawful criteria (physical disability, cultural origin, age, gender, religion) even through these actions were never intended to be discriminatory
EX. weight requirement to be a firefighter
scapegoat theory
assertion that prejudice + discrimination originate in the frustrations of people who want to blame someone else for their problems
associate with psychological theories
authoritarian personality theory
asserts that extreme prejudice is a personality trait of people who strongly believe in following cultural norms, traditions, + values
Frankhurt School
A group of German social philosophers dedicated to understanding the role of culture + mass communication in the Nazi regime
f-test
Theodor Adorno’s assessment tool to determine a person’s personality + likelihood of holding prejudicial attributes
culture theory
assertion that prejudice is a part of all cultures and that some of it can be healthy
ethnocentrism is healthy b/c unifies group
associate with sociocultural theories
social distance
Bogardus’s concept of the relative distance people feel bet themselves and other racial or ethnic groups
associate with sociocultural theories
culture of prejudice
a value system that promotes prejudice, discrimination, and oppression
dual labour market theory
asserts that modern societies have two distinct labour markets (called primary + secondary labour markets)
primary labour markets
for the majority
good, secure, paying job
secondary labour markets
for the minority
temporary, unsecure, low paying jobs
Marxist Exploitation theory
the assertion that the powerful economic elites promote + benefit from prejudice and discrimination
critical race theory
an interdiscplinary approach used to investigate the intersections of race, class, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality to explain prejudice and discrimination
Selective perception
the process whereby people see only those things that reinforce their preconceived perceptions
contact hypothesis
the proposal that prejudiced attitudes can decline with intergroup contact
multiracial feminism
an approach that investigates race, class, and gender and give voice to women of color who may feel alienated from traditional white feminism
postcolonial theory
an approach that examines the ways in which the colonial past has shaped the social, political, + economic experiences of a colonized country
Part of five cat of minority relations
1. genocide
the intentional extermination of all members of minority group
Ex. Hitler, Rwanda genocide
part of five cat of minority relations
2. Expulsion or population transefer
dominant group forces a minority to leace the country or confines them to a particular location
same goal as genocide –> to remove minority
Ex. Japanese internment camps
part of five cat of minority relations
3. Segregation + serpartism
segregation = the formal physical or social seperation of dominant + minority groups
EX. Blacks
Separatism = voluntary structural + cultural isolation by minority groups from the dominant group
EX. Quebec Sovereignty movement
part of five cat of minority relations
4. assimilation
a one way process that occurs when a minority group sheds its differences and assumes the traits of the dominant group
melting pot
the blending of new immigrants traditions and cultural idenity into the dominant american culture
part of five cat of minority relations
5. cultural pluralism, or multiculturalism
when minority groups retain their cultural idenities and the larger society promotes cultural, ethnic, and racial diveristy
can keep identity and still belong as a canadian
charter groups
john porter recongnized that the french + canadians became the social, economic, and political elites in Canada
Quite Revolution
movement in Qubec during the 1960s when political + religious traditions were challenged + french struggled for greater economic, political, + cultural equality with the rest of canada
Bill 101 –> all signs in french
