Gender + Sexualities Flashcards
The irrational fear or hatred of bisexuals
biophobia
bisexuality
authentic bisexuality
being attracted to both women and men
AB = always happening in non-monogamous context
commodification
the process whereby goods + services become available for purchase in the market
Ex. prostitution, pornography
heterosexual
related to surveillance (MF)
individual attracted to members of the opposite sex
Surveillance = we police our own + others sexualities, granting approval to some while disparaging others
sexual scripts
Cultural expectations about appropriate sexuality that are learned through social interaction
William Simon + John Gagnon (1986)
sexual orientation
individual’s sexual + emotional attraction to a person of a particular sex
homosexual
individual who is attracted to members of the same sex
heterosexism
practice of holding up heterosexuality as the idea + normal sexuality, rendering all other sexualities as abnormal + deviant
homophobia
An irrational fear or hatred of homosexuals that can lead to discrimination, harassment, + violence against them
sexual identity
relate to disciplinary
MF
broad term that can include or masculinity, or femininity, our knowledge of our bodies, our sexual histories, + our sexual preferences
disciplinary = identities not biological, socially constructed + maintain through continuous performance
Performance
associate with Judith Butler post-structuralist theorist identities not stable gender is your performance of gender at particular times + spaces (not coherent) driven by powerful/dominant discourses
Doing Gender
associate with Candace West + Don Zimmerman
Symbolic Interactionism
gender is accomplishment, something that we do
actively create differences bet boys + girls
self is stable, identify yourself as a gender through social interaction
IS A ROLE, not trait
intersectionality
simultaneous influence of multiple social relations, including race, gender, ethnicity, + class
gender, race, class all function as mechanisms for the production of social inequality
emphasized femininity
normative ideal of femininity, based on women’s compliance with their subordination to men
hegemonic masculinity
normative ideal of dominant masculinity
hegemony derived from Italian theorist Antonio Gramsci
hegemony not dominance but CONSENT
Transgender
an umbrella term for a range of people who do not fit into normative constructions of sex + gender
transsexual
person who undergoes sex reassignment which may include surgeries
preoperative, postoperative, nonoperative
gender relations
organizing principles that SHAPE + ORDER interactions between, as well as the relative social importance of women and men
intersexed individuals
individuals born with ambiguous genitalia
sex
a determination of male or female on the basis of a socially agreed-upon biological criteria
biologically rooted
gender
social distinctions between masculinity + femininity
socially constructed
binary construction
split into two categories
sex = male/female
gender =feminine/ masculine
operant conditioning
whereby positive reinforcements increase socially gender-appropriate behaviors while negative reinforcements decrease behaviors deemed to be socially appropriate
