Gender + Sexualities

Question 1

The irrational fear or hatred of bisexuals

Answer 1

biophobia

Question 2

bisexuality

authentic bisexuality

Answer 2

being attracted to both women and men

AB = always happening in non-monogamous context

Question 3

commodification

Answer 3

the process whereby goods + services become available for purchase in the market

Ex. prostitution, pornography

Question 4

heterosexual

related to surveillance (MF)

Answer 4

individual attracted to members of the opposite sex

Surveillance = we police our own + others sexualities, granting approval to some while disparaging others

Question 5

sexual scripts

Answer 5

Cultural expectations about appropriate sexuality that are learned through social interaction

William Simon + John Gagnon (1986)

Question 6

sexual orientation

Answer 6

individual’s sexual + emotional attraction to a person of a particular sex

Question 7

homosexual

Answer 7

individual who is attracted to members of the same sex

Question 8

heterosexism

Answer 8

practice of holding up heterosexuality as the idea + normal sexuality, rendering all other sexualities as abnormal + deviant

Question 9

homophobia

Answer 9

An irrational fear or hatred of homosexuals that can lead to discrimination, harassment, + violence against them

Question 10

sexual identity

relate to disciplinary
MF

Answer 10

broad term that can include or masculinity, or femininity, our knowledge of our bodies, our sexual histories, + our sexual preferences

disciplinary = identities not biological, socially constructed + maintain through continuous performance

Question 11

Performance

Answer 11

associate with Judith Butler
post-structuralist theorist
identities not stable
gender is your performance of gender at particular times + spaces (not coherent)
driven by powerful/dominant discourses

Question 12

Doing Gender

Answer 12

associate with Candace West + Don Zimmerman
Symbolic Interactionism
gender is accomplishment, something that we do
actively create differences bet boys + girls
self is stable, identify yourself as a gender through social interaction
IS A ROLE, not trait

Question 13

intersectionality

Answer 13

simultaneous influence of multiple social relations, including race, gender, ethnicity, + class

gender, race, class all function as mechanisms for the production of social inequality

Question 14

emphasized femininity

Answer 14

normative ideal of femininity, based on women’s compliance with their subordination to men

Question 15

hegemonic masculinity

Answer 15

normative ideal of dominant masculinity

hegemony derived from Italian theorist Antonio Gramsci

hegemony not dominance but CONSENT

Question 16

Transgender

Answer 16

an umbrella term for a range of people who do not fit into normative constructions of sex + gender

Question 17

transsexual

Answer 17

person who undergoes sex reassignment which may include surgeries

preoperative, postoperative, nonoperative

Question 18

gender relations

Answer 18

organizing principles that SHAPE + ORDER interactions between, as well as the relative social importance of women and men

Question 19

intersexed individuals

Answer 19

individuals born with ambiguous genitalia

Question 20

sex

Answer 20

a determination of male or female on the basis of a socially agreed-upon biological criteria

biologically rooted

Question 21

gender

Answer 21

social distinctions between masculinity + femininity

socially constructed

Question 22

binary construction

Answer 22

split into two categories

sex = male/female
gender =feminine/ masculine

Question 23

operant conditioning

Answer 23

whereby positive reinforcements increase socially gender-appropriate behaviors while negative reinforcements decrease behaviors deemed to be socially appropriate