Words (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

zephyr[1]: [‘a gentle breeze; something airy or insubstantial’]

A
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2
Q

zeitgeist[1]: [‘spirit of the times’]

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3
Q

zany[1]: [‘crazy; wacky’]

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4
Q

yen[1]: [‘a yearning for something or to do something’]

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5
Q

yearn[1]: [‘to have a strong and earnest desire’]

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6
Q

xenophobe[1]: [‘someone who fears or hates foreigners’]

A
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7
Q

wry[1]: [‘1. twisted or bent to one side; 2. dryly humorous’]

A
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8
Q

wrest[1]: [‘obtain by seizing forcibly or violently

A

also metaphorically’]

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9
Q

wraith[1]: [‘a ghost or specter; a ghost of a living person seen just before his/her death’]

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10
Q

wispy[1]: [‘flimsy; frail; delicate’]

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11
Q

winnow[1]: [‘sift

A

analyze critically

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12
Q

wince[1]: [‘draw back

A

as with fear or pain’]

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13
Q

willful[1]: [‘stubborn’]

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14
Q

whittle[1]: [‘1. carve with knife; 2. reduce step by step’]

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15
Q

whitewash[1]: [‘a substance used to whiten walls

A

wood

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16
Q

whereas[1]: [‘(conjunction) while on the contrary

A

considering that’]

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17
Q

whelp[1]: [‘young dog’]

A
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18
Q

wheddle[1]: [‘influence or urge by gentle urging

A

caressing

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19
Q

welter[1]: [‘confused mass or pile

A

jumble; confusion or turmoil (noun); roll around

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20
Q

weighty[1]: [‘serious’]

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21
Q

waylay[1]: [‘ambush; lie in wait’]

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22
Q

warranted[1]: [‘(adj) justified

A

authorized (warrant can mean to justify or a justification

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23
Q

wanting[1]: [‘lacking’]

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24
Q

waive[1]: [‘surrender; give up’]

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25
Q

wag (n)[1]: [‘a witty person’]

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26
Q

wag[1]: [‘(noun) wit

A

joker’]

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27
Q

waft[1]: [‘drift smoothly (v); whiff; smell (n)’]

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28
Q

vulpine[1]: [‘like a fox [compare with bovine (cow-like); porcine (pig-like)

A

etc.] .’]

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29
Q

vulnerable[1]: [‘capable of being wounded or hurt’]

A
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30
Q

volubility[1]: [‘excessive talkativeness [voluble (a)]’]

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31
Q

volition[1]: [“the faculty or power of using one’s will”]

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32
Q

vogue[1]: [‘a current state of general acceptance and use; fashion’]

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33
Q

vivify[1]: [‘enliven’]

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34
Q

vivacity[1]: [‘liveliness; animation’]

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35
Q

vivacious[1]: [‘vigorous and animated’]

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36
Q

vituperation[1]: [‘abusive or venomous language to express blame or censure’]

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37
Q

vital[1]: [‘essential; alive; important’]

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38
Q

viscid or viscous[1]: [‘thick

A

adhesive

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39
Q

virtuoso[1]: [‘an accomplished musician’]

A
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40
Q

virtual[1]: [‘(adj) existing only in the mind or by means of a computer network; existing in results or in essence but not officially or in name’]

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41
Q

virile[1]: [‘characterized by energy or vigor’]

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42
Q

virago[1]: [‘an ill-tempered or violent woman’]

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43
Q

vintage[1]: [‘(adj

A

n) related to items of high quality from a previous era

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44
Q

vindictive[1]: [‘to have a very strong desire for revenge’]

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45
Q

villify[1]: [‘spread negative information about’]

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46
Q

vilification[1]: [‘slanderous defamation; abuse’]

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47
Q

vignette[1]: [‘small sketch’]

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48
Q

vigil[1]: [‘a purposeful surveillance to guard or observe’]

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49
Q

vie[1]: [‘compete for something’]

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50
Q

vicarious[1]: [‘experiencing through another’]

A
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51
Q

via[1]: [‘through

A

by means of

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52
Q

vexatious[1]: [‘causing irritation or annoyance’]

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53
Q

vexation[1]: [‘(noun) irritation; annoyance (verb form’]

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54
Q

vestigial[1]: [‘not developed’]

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55
Q

verisimilitude[1]: [‘the appearance of truth; ?????????????’]

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56
Q

verbosity[1]: [‘using too many words’]

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57
Q

verbiage[1]: [‘excessive or meaningless wordiness’]

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58
Q

venturing[1]: [‘proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers; risking’]

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59
Q

venom[1]: [‘toxin secreted by animals’]

A
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60
Q

veneration[1]: [‘worship; respect [venerable (a)

A

venerate (v)]’]

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61
Q

venality[1]: [‘the condition of being susceptible to bribes or corruption; ???????????’]

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62
Q

venal[1]: [‘corrupt; can be bribed’]

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63
Q

vehemently[1]: [‘in fierce manner’]

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64
Q

vehemence[1]: [‘violence; fervor; forcefulness’]

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65
Q

vaunted[1]: [‘much boasted about in a vain or swaggering way; ?????????’]

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66
Q

variance[1]: [‘difference

A

disagreement’]

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67
Q

vanquish[1]: [‘come out better in a competition

A

race

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68
Q

vanguard[1]: [‘leading units at the front of an army; leaders in a trend or movement

A

people on the “cutting edge”; the forefront of a trend or movement’]

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69
Q

valor[1]: [‘courage when facing danger’]

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70
Q

vain[1]: [‘full of self-admiration; conceited; without result; unsuccessful; (vanity)’]

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71
Q

vagrant[1]: [‘person wandering without a home’]

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72
Q

vagary[1]: [‘something unaccountable; freak’]

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73
Q

utopian[1]: [‘a believer in an ideal world’]

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74
Q

utopia[1]: [‘ideally perfect state’]

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75
Q

utilitarian[1]: [‘useful’]

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76
Q

upshot[1]: [‘outcome’]

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77
Q

uproarious[1]: [‘hilarious; hysterical; very funny’]

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78
Q

unwitting[1]: [‘not deliberate; unconscious’]

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79
Q

unwieldy[1]: [‘difficult to use or handle because of size or weight’]

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80
Q

unviable[1]: [‘not able to work

A

survive

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81
Q

untrammeled[1]: [‘not confined or limited’]

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82
Q

untempered[1]: [‘not toned down; not moderated

A

controlled

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83
Q

unstinting[1]: [‘very generous’]

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84
Q

unsparing[1]: [‘generous

A

lavish (as in not sparing any help or gifts to others); unmerciful

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85
Q

unscrupulous[1]: [‘without scruples or principles’]

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86
Q

unscathed[1]: [‘unharmed; intact; without a scratch’]

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87
Q

unsavory[1]: [‘morally offensive’]

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88
Q

unruly[1]: [‘noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline; unwilling to submit to authority’]

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89
Q

unpropitious[1]: [‘unlikely to be successful’]

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90
Q

unnerve[1]: [‘to make nervous or upset’]

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91
Q

unmitigated[1]: [‘not diminished or moderated in intensity or severity’]

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92
Q

unkempt[1]: [‘not properly maintained or cared for’]

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93
Q

universal[1]: [‘applicable to or common to all members of a group or set’]

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94
Q

unimpeachable[1]: [‘beyond doubt or reproach; ??????????’]

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95
Q

unfrock[1]: [‘to remove a priest from his position’]

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96
Q

unforthcoming[1]: [‘uncooperative

A

not willing to give up information’]

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97
Q

unflappable[1]: [‘always knows what to do in any situation; cannot be made nervous or anxious’]

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98
Q

unfettered[1]: [‘set free; not bound by shackles and chains’]

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99
Q

unfeigned[1]: [‘(adj.) genuine; not false or hypocritical’]

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100
Q

unearth[1]: [‘(v) dig up

A

uncover

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101
Q

undermined[1]: [‘damaged; attacked’]

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102
Q

undergird[1]: [‘support; strengthen’]

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103
Q

undercutting[1]: [‘offering a lower price; undermining’]

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104
Q

uncompromising[1]: [‘not making concessions’]

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105
Q

uncanny[1]: [‘strange

A

mysterious

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106
Q

unassailable[1]: [‘undeniable; ??????????????’]

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107
Q

unalloyed[1]: [‘undiluted; total’]

A
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108
Q

ultimate[1]: [‘furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme’]

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109
Q

tutelary[1]: [‘serving as a guardian [tutelage (n)]’]

A
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110
Q

turbulent[1]: [‘characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination’]

A
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111
Q

tumultuous[1]: [‘riotous

A

violently agitated

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112
Q

truncated[1]: [‘cut short in duration’]

A
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113
Q

truculence[1]: [‘aggressiveness

A

ferocity’]

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114
Q

truant[1]: [‘absent without permission’]

A
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115
Q

trinket[1]: [‘something of little value; knick-knack’]

A
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116
Q

trilogy[1]: [‘set of three (literary works etc.); tetralogy = set of four’]

A
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117
Q

trifling[1]: [‘(adj) trivial

A

not very important; so small as to be unimportant; frivolous

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118
Q

tribulation[1]: [‘something

A

especially an event

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119
Q

trepidation[1]: [‘fear’]

A
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120
Q

trend[1]: [‘a general tendency to change

A

as of opinion’]

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121
Q

tremulous[1]: [‘quivering as from weakness or fear’]

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122
Q

traverse[1]: [‘to move across’]

A
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123
Q

travail[1]: [‘use of physical or mental energy; hard work; agony or anguish’]

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124
Q

transmute[1]: [‘to transform; ?????????????’]

A
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125
Q

transgression[1]: [‘violation of a law

A

moral rule

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126
Q

transgress[1]: [‘go astray; disobey; commit a sin’]

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127
Q

transcribe[1]: [‘copy’]

A
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128
Q

transcendental[1]: [‘supernatural; going beyond normal experience [transcendent (a)]’]

A
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129
Q

trait[1]: [‘specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another’]

A
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130
Q

tradition[1]: [‘a specific practice of long standing’]

A
131
Q

toy[1]: [‘to play with’]

A
132
Q

touting[1]: [‘advertising; supporting [tout (v)]’]

A
133
Q

totter[1]: [‘walk unsteadily’]

A
134
Q

torque[1]: [‘(noun) a force that causes rotation’]

A
135
Q

tolerate[1]: [‘put up with something or somebody unpleasant’]

A
136
Q

token[1]: [‘sign

A

symbol

137
Q

to corrupt

A

to debase

138
Q

titter[1]: [‘giggle quietly’]

A
139
Q

tinge[1]: [‘color lightly’]

A
140
Q

timely[1]: [‘(adj) well-timed

A

happening at a suitable time’]

141
Q

throwback[1]: [‘exhibiting primitive

A

or ancestral

142
Q

throng[1]: [‘a large gathering of people’]

A
143
Q

thrifty[1]: [‘careful about money; economical’]

A
144
Q

thoroughgoing[1]: [‘very thorough; complete.’]

A
145
Q

therapy[1]: [‘the act of caring for someone’]

A
146
Q

therapeutic[1]: [‘medicinal; curative’]

A
147
Q

the setting right of what is wrong[1]: []

A
148
Q

testiness[1]: [‘irritability; irascibility [testy (a)]’]

A
149
Q

terminus[1]: [‘a place where something ends or is complete’]

A
150
Q

terminate[1]: [‘bring to an end or halt’]

A
151
Q

tentative[1]: [‘not certain’]

A
152
Q

tenacity[1]: [‘(noun) the quality of adherence or persistence to something valued; persistent determination (adj. form’]

A
153
Q

tenable[1]: [‘based on sound reasoning or evidence’]

A
154
Q

tempestuous[1]: [‘turbulent

A

stormy’]

155
Q

tempers[1]: [‘moderates’]

A
156
Q

tempered[1]: [‘moderated in effect’]

A
157
Q

temperate[1]: [‘moderate’]

A
158
Q

temper[1]: [‘to moderate; soften’]

A
159
Q

telltale[1]: [‘revealing’]

A
160
Q

telling[1]: [‘significant and revealing of another factor’]

A
161
Q

teetotalism[1]: [‘total abstinence from alcoho’]

A
162
Q

tedium[1]: [‘boredom’]

A
163
Q

technology[1]: [‘the practical application of science to commerce or industry’]

A
164
Q

taxing[1]: [‘use to the limit; exhaust’]

A
165
Q

taut[1]: [‘pulled or drawn tight’]

A
166
Q

taunt[1]: [‘mock; tease’]

A
167
Q

tarnished[1]: [‘made dull; spoil (reputation)’]

A
168
Q

tarnish[1]: [‘make dirty or spotty

A

as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically’]

169
Q

tare[1]: [‘1. weed; 2. allowance made for container when weighing’]

A
170
Q

tardy[1]: [‘slow

A

retard

171
Q

tantalizing[1]: [‘arousing desire or expectation for something unattainable’]

A
172
Q

tangent[1]: [‘going off the main subject

A

touching’]

173
Q

tamp[1]: [‘to plug; press loose matter down tightly (e.g. pack explosives into a hole)’]

A
174
Q

talisman[1]: [‘lucky charm’]

A
175
Q

taint[1]: [‘place under suspicion or cast doubt upon’]

A
176
Q

tactile[1]: [‘concerned with the sense of touch’]

A
177
Q

tact[1]: [‘consideration in dealing with others and avoiding giving offense’]

A
178
Q

taboo[1]: [‘a ban resulting from social custom or emotional aversion’]

A
179
Q

synthesis[1]: [‘(noun) the combination of parts to make a whole (verb form’]

A
180
Q

syntax[1]: [‘the rules governing grammar and how words join to make sentences (or how words and symbols join in writing computer code)

A

the study of these rules

181
Q

synoptic[1]: [‘relating to a synopsis or summary; giving a general view’]

A
182
Q

synchronous[1]: [‘(adj) happening at the same time; occurring at the same rate and thus happening together repeatedly’]

A
183
Q

synapse[1]: [‘junction between two nerve cells’]

A
184
Q

symptomatic[1]: [‘relating to sensations experienced by a patient’]

A
185
Q

symphony[1]: [‘type of musical composition’]

A
186
Q

syllogism[1]: [‘type of logical reasoning; deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two premises’]

A
187
Q

suspect[1]: [‘doubtful’]

A
188
Q

surrogate[1]: [‘substitute

A

person who acts for another (noun); acting as a replacement (adj)’]

189
Q

surreptitiously[1]: [‘secretly; furtively; stealthily’]

A
190
Q

surge[1]: [‘rise and move

A

as in waves or billows’]

191
Q

supposition[1]: [‘assumption

A

hypothesis

192
Q

supplication[1]: [‘the action of asking or begging for something earnestly or humbly’]

A
193
Q

supplicate[1]: [‘(v) pray humbly; ask

A

beg

194
Q

supplicant[1]: [‘person who requests or begs for something [supplicate (v)]’]

A
195
Q

supersede[1]: [‘(v) replace

A

take the position of

196
Q

superlative[1]: [‘extremely good; the best’]

A
197
Q

sumptuous[1]: [‘rich and superior in quality’]

A
198
Q

summit[1]: [‘the top point of a mountain or hill’]

A
199
Q

sultry[1]: [‘sexually exciting or gratifying’]

A
200
Q

sullied[1]: [‘made dirty or impure [opposite unsullied; sully (v)]’]

A
201
Q

suffragist[1]: [‘someone who campaigns for voting rights’]

A
202
Q

succumb[1]: [‘consent reluctantly’]

A
203
Q

succulent[1]: [‘full of juice’]

A
204
Q

succeeding[1]: [‘(adj) coming after or following’]

A
205
Q

subterranean[1]: [‘being or operating under the surface of the earth’]

A
206
Q

subsume[1]: [‘to include

A

incorporate’]

207
Q

subside[1]: [‘(v) sink

A

settle down

208
Q

subservient[1]: [‘compliant and obedient to authority’]

A
209
Q

suborn[1]: [‘bribe’]

A
210
Q

subliminal[1]: [‘below the threshold of consciousness’]

A
211
Q

subjugate[1]: [‘make subservient; force to submit or subdue’]

A
212
Q

subjective[1]: [“(adj) existing in the mind or relating to one’s own thoughts

A

opinions

213
Q

stymie or stymy[1]: [‘(v

A

n) block

214
Q

stupor[1]: [‘marginal consciousness’]

A
215
Q

stupefying[1]: [‘astonishing; shocking; stunning into silence’]

A
216
Q

stupefy[1]: [‘(verb) to stun

A

baffle

217
Q

stunt[1]: [‘check the growth or development of’]

A
218
Q

stultify[1]: [‘to make ineffective or useless

A

cripple; to have a dulling effect on; ??????? ?? ???’]

219
Q

strife[1]: [‘bitter conflict; heated often violent dissension’]

A
220
Q

stratum[1]: [‘one of many layers (such as in a rock formation or in the classes of a society)’]

A
221
Q

stomach[1]: [‘to tolerate’]

A
222
Q

stoke[1]: [‘add fuel to; strengthen’]

A
223
Q

stoic or stoical[1]: [‘(adj

A

n) indifferent to pleasure or pain

224
Q

stipple[1]: [‘cover with dots of paint etc.’]

A
225
Q

stinting[1]: [‘holding back; limiting the supply (of supplies/money etc.) [stint (v)]’]

A
226
Q

stint[1]: [‘period of time spent doing something

A

or a specific

227
Q

stingy[1]: [‘(adj) not generous with money

A

reluctant to spend or give’]

228
Q

stifle[1]: [‘suppress’]

A
229
Q

stickler[1]: [‘one who is strict about rules or details’]

A
230
Q

stevedore[1]: [‘dockworker’]

A
231
Q

stem[1]: [‘to hold back or limit the flow or growth of something’]

A
232
Q

steeped[1]: [‘immersed (in)

A

saturated (with)’]

233
Q

steadfast[1]: [‘marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable’]

A
234
Q

statute[1]: [‘law [statutory (a)]’]

A
235
Q

status quo[1]: [‘(n) existing state or condition’]

A
236
Q

start[1]: [‘to suddenly move in a particular direction’]

A
237
Q

stark[1]: [‘(adj) complete

A

total

238
Q

stanza[1]: [‘section of a poem’]

A
239
Q

standing[1]: [‘(n

A

adj) status

240
Q

stand[1]: [‘(noun) a group of trees’]

A
241
Q

stanch[1]: [‘stop the flow of a liquid’]

A
242
Q

stalwart[1]: [‘strong and sturdy’]

A
243
Q

squeamish[1]: [‘excessively fastidious and easily disgusted’]

A
244
Q

spurn[1]: [‘reject with contempt’]

A
245
Q

spontaneous[1]: [‘said or done without having being planned in advance’]

A
246
Q

splenetic[1]: [‘irritable; easily angered;’]

A
247
Q

speculate[1]: [‘(v) contemplate; make a guess or educated guess about; engage in a risky business transaction

A

gamble’]

248
Q

spectrum[1]: [‘(n) a broad range of nevertheless related qualities or ideas

A

esp. those that overlap to create a continuous series (as in a color spectrum

249
Q

speckled[1]: [‘spotted; freckled; dotted’]

A
250
Q

spearhead[1]: [‘(v) be the leader of’]

A
251
Q

spear[1]: [‘a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon’]

A
252
Q

sound[1]: [‘(v) measure the depth of (usually water) as with a sounding line; penetrate and discover the meaning of

A

understand (usually as sound the depths)’]

253
Q

sophomoric[1]: [‘juvenile; immature’]

A
254
Q

sophistry[1]: [‘a deliberately invalid argument in the hope of deceiving’]

A
255
Q

soothsayer[1]: [‘fortuneteller’]

A
256
Q

somnambulist[1]: [‘sleepwalker’]

A
257
Q

somber[1]: [‘grave or even gloomy in character’]

A
258
Q

solvent[1]: [‘(adj.) able to meet financial obligations; able to dissolve another substance’]

A
259
Q

soliloquy[1]: [‘solo speech’]

A
260
Q

solidarity[1]: [‘fellowship in interests

A

feelings

261
Q

solicitude[1]: [‘a feeling of excessive concern; ????????????’]

A
262
Q

sojourn[1]: [‘a temporary stay’]

A
263
Q

soak[1]: [‘absorbabate’]

A
264
Q

snub[1]: [‘refuse to acknowledge; reject outright and bluntly’]

A
265
Q

snide[1]: [‘expressive of contempt; derogatory or mocking in an indirect way’]

A
266
Q

smug[1]: [‘marked by excessive complacency or self-satisfaction’]

A
267
Q

smorgasbord[1]: [‘a swedish buffet of cold dishes’]

A
268
Q

smelt[1]: [‘refine an ore’]

A
269
Q

smattering[1]: [‘a slight or superficial understanding of a subject; a small amount of something’]

A
270
Q

sluggard[1]: [‘slow-moving; lethargic person’]

A
271
Q

slovenly[1]: [‘negligent of neatness especially in dress and person’]

A
272
Q

slapdash[1]: [‘carelessly and hastily put together’]

A
273
Q

slack[1]: [“(adj

A

v

274
Q

skittish[1]: [‘shy

A

fickle

275
Q

skirt[1]: [‘(v) border

A

lie along the edge of

276
Q

skiff[1]: [‘small boat’]

A
277
Q

skeptical[1]: [‘doubting; not gullible’]

A
278
Q

skeptic[1]: [‘(adj) person inclined to doubting or questioning generally accepted beliefs’]

A
279
Q

site[1]: [‘the piece of land on which something is located’]

A
280
Q

sinistral[1]: [‘left-handed (or counterclockwise) [dextral - right handed]’]

A
281
Q

sinister[1]: [‘stemming from evil characteristics or forces’]

A
282
Q

sinewy[1]: [‘brawny’]

A
283
Q

simultaneous[1]: [‘(adj) at the same time’]

A
284
Q

simulacrum[1]: [‘a representation of a person (especially in the form of sculpture)’]

A
285
Q

sidereal[1]: [‘relating to the stars’]

A
286
Q

sibyl[1]: [‘prophetess; fortuneteller’]

A
287
Q

shirk[1]: [‘avoid (esp. work)’]

A
288
Q

shibboleth[1]: [‘a favorite saying of a sect or political group’]

A
289
Q

shallow[1]: [‘not deep’]

A
290
Q

serration[1]: [‘jagged edge’]

A
291
Q

serrated[1]: [‘jagged; saw-like’]

A
292
Q

serenity[1]: [‘the absence of mental stress or anxiety’]

A
293
Q

sere[1]: [‘withered; old’]

A
294
Q

sequester[1]: [‘isolate; retire from public life; segregate; seclude’]

A
295
Q

sentinel[1]: [‘guard; sentry’]

A
296
Q

sentimental[1]: [‘showing or causing a lot of emotion’]

A
297
Q

sensuous[1]: [‘appealing to the senses’]

A
298
Q

senile[1]: [‘mentally or physically infirm with age’]

A
299
Q

seminary[1]: [‘an institution in which priests are trained’]

A
300
Q

seminal[1]: [‘containing seeds of later development; formative’]

A
301
Q

semblance[1]: [‘a likeness; an outward appearance; an apparition’]

A
302
Q

semantic[1]: [‘relating to the different meanings of words or other symbols’]

A
303
Q

self-effacing[1]: [‘not drawing attention to oneself; modest; ??????????????’]

A
304
Q

seine[1]: [‘type of fishing net’]

A
305
Q

seemly[1]: [‘appropriate (of behavior); decorous’]

A
306
Q

sedulity[1]: [‘thoroughness; perseverance [sedulous (a)]’]

A
307
Q

sedentary[1]: [‘requiring sitting or little activity’]

A
308
Q

sedate[1]: [‘characterized by dignity and propriety’]

A
309
Q

secure[1]: [‘1. to fix firmly; 2. to obtain’]

A
310
Q

secular[1]: [‘(adj) not religious or holy; pertaining to worldly things’]

A
311
Q

secrete[1]: [‘produce and release a substance from a cell or gland of the body for a functional purpose’]

A
312
Q

searchingly[1]: [‘in a searching or penetrating manner; while examining closely or probing for answers’]

A
313
Q

scuttle[1]: [‘sink’]

A
314
Q

scurry[1]: [‘to move about or proceed hurriedly’]

A
315
Q

scurrilous[1]: [‘expressing offensive approach’]

A
316
Q

screed[1]: [‘an abusive rant (often tedious)’]

A
317
Q

scotch (v)[1]: [‘to prevent; stop; disable’]

A
318
Q

score[1]: [‘written form of music (n)’]

A
319
Q

scoff[1]: [‘laugh at with contempt and derision’]

A
320
Q

scion[1]: [‘a descendent or heir’]

A
321
Q

scintillating[1]: [‘sparkling

A

twinkling

322
Q

schism[1]: [‘division of a group into opposing factions’]

A
323
Q

schadenfreude[1]: [‘joy from watching the suffering of others’]

A
324
Q

scathing[1]: [‘(adj) severe

A

injurious; bitterly harsh or critical (as a remark)’]