Word List 07

Question 1

half-formulated

Answer 1

half-formulated

adj. coming into view, existence, or notice

Question 2

dubious

Answer 2

dubious

adj. probably not honest, true, right etc
- The firm was accused of dubious accounting practices.
- Many critics regard this argument as dubious or, at best, misleading.
- The assumption that growth in one country benefits the whole world is highly dubious.

adj. not sure whether something is good or true SYN doubtful
- I can see you are dubious; take some time to think about it.

dubious about

• Some universities are dubious about accepting students over the age of 30.
• ‘Are you sure you know what you are doing?’ Andy said, looking dubious.

the dubious honour/distinction/pleasure (of doing something): a dubious honour etc is the opposite of an honour – used about something unpleasant that happens
- The Stephensons had the dubious honor of being the 100th family to lose their home in the fire.

مورد شک مشکوک

Question 3

churlish

Answer 3

churlish

adj. not polite or friendly
- It seemed churlish to refuse his invitation.
- They invited me to dinner and I thought it would be churlish to refuse.

Question 4

outlandish

Answer 4

outlandish

adj. strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like:
- outlandish clothes
- Her story seemed so outlandish.
- an outlandish hairstyle/outfit

بیگانه وار، عجیب و غریب

Question 5

serendipitous

Answer 5

serendipitous

adj. happening or found by chance:
- Reading should be an adventure, a personal experience full of serendipitous surprises.
- A team of researchers has made a serendipitous discovery that could help in the struggle to cure obesity.

دارای نعمت غیر مترقبه

Question 6

mercurial

Answer 6

mercurial

adj. having feelings that change suddenly and without warning
- an actor noted for his mercurial temperament

adj. quick and clever
- her mercurial wit

adj. containing mercury

سیمابی، جیوه دار، چالاک، تند، متغیر، متلون

Question 7

deceive

Answer 7

deceive

v. to make someone believe something that is not true → deception
- He had been deceived by a young man claiming to be the son of a millionaire.

deceive somebody into doing something
- He tried to deceive the public into thinking the war could still be won.

deceive somebody about something
- I wouldn’t deceive you about anything as important as this.

v. to give someone a wrong belief or opinion about something
- Don’t be deceived by the new cover – this is a rehash of old hits.

فریفتن، فریب دادن، گول زدن اغفال کردن، مغبون کردن

Question 8

fortuitous

Answer 8

fortuitous

adj. happening by chance, especially in a way that has a good result
- The meeting with Jack was fortuitous.

اتفاقی، شانسی

Question 9

fathom

Answer 9

fathom

v. to understand what something means after thinking about it carefully SYN work out
- I still can’t fathom out what she meant.

fathom how/why/where etc
- Mark couldn’t fathom why she resented him so much.

n. a unit for measuring the depth of water, equal to six feet or about 1.8 metres

قولاج (واحد عمق پیمایی دریایی) اندازه گرفتن، عمق پیمایی کردن، درک کردن

Question 10

remuneration

Answer 10

remuneration

n. the pay you give someone for something they have done for you
- high rates of remuneration

اجر، پاداش

Question 11

sparkling

Answer 11

sparkling

adj. shining brightly with points of flashing light
- a sparkling blue lake

adj. very clean, and seeming to shine brightly
- a sparkling white beach
- a sparkling clean kitchen

adj. a sparkling drink has bubbles of gas in it SYN fizzy
- a glass of sparkling wine

adj. full of life and intelligence
- Claire’s sparkling personality

Question 12

luxuriant

Answer 12

luxuriant

adj. growing strongly and thickly
- luxuriant black hair
- luxuriant vegetation

adj. beautiful and pleasant to watch or listen to
- the film’s luxuriant visuals

وافر، مجلل، انبوه، پربرکت

Question 13

credential

Answer 13

credential

n. something that gives a title to credit or confidence

استوار نامه، گواهی نامه اعتبار نامه، اختیار

Question 14

recoil

Answer 14

recoil

v. to move back suddenly and quickly from something you do not like or are afraid of
recoil from/at
- She recoiled from his touch as if she had been slapped.

v. to feel such a strong dislike of a particular situation that you want to avoid it
recoil from/at
- He recoils from everything in life that demands hard work.
- We recoil in horror from the thought of subjecting someone to extreme pain.

v. if a gun recoils, it moves backwards very quickly after it has been fired

بحال خود برگشتن، بحال نخستین برگشتن، پس زدن عود کردن، پس نشستن، فنری بودن، (با on و upon) واکنش داشتن بر

Question 15

scandalous

Answer 15

scandalous

adj. completely unfair and wrong SYN shocking
- a scandalous waste of public money
- scandalous behaviour

adj. involving stories about dishonest or immoral things that someone has done
- scandalous stories about the prime minister

افتضاح آمیز، رسوایی آور

Question 16

erode

Answer 16

erode

v. if the weather erodes rock or soil, or if rock or soil erodes, its surface is gradually destroyed
- The cliffs are being constantly eroded by heavy seas.
- The rocks have gradually eroded away.

v. to gradually reduce something such as someone’s power or confidence
- Our personal freedom is being gradually eroded away.
- Repeated exam failure had eroded her confidence.

فرساییدن، خوردن، ساییدن فاسد کردن، ساییده شدن

Question 17

tenuous

Answer 17

tenuous

adj. a situation or relationship that is tenuous is uncertain, weak, or likely to change
- For now, the band’s travel plans are tenuous.
tenuous link/connection etc
- The United Peace Alliance had only a tenuous connection with the organized Labour movement.
- The link between her family and the King’s is rather tenuous.

رفیق، نازک، باریک، لطیف دقیق، بدون نقطه اتکاء

Question 18

fluctuate

Answer 18

fluctuate

v. if a price or amount fluctuates, it keeps changing and becoming higher and lower SYN vary
fluctuate between
- Prices were volatile, fluctuating between $20 and $40.
fluctuate around
- The number of children in the school fluctuates around 100.
- Insect populations fluctuate wildly from year to year.

نوسان داشتن، نوسان کردن بالا و پایین رفتن، ثابت نبودن موج زدن، بی ثبات بودن

Question 19

contentious

Answer 19

contentious

adj. causing a lot of argument and disagreement between people SYN controversial
contentious issue/area/subject etc
- Animal welfare did not become a contentious issue until the late 1970s.

v. someone who is contentious often argues with people SYN argumentative

ستیزه جو، دعوایی، متنازع فیه، ستیزگر

Question 20

patchwork

Answer 20

patchwork

n. a type of sewing in which many coloured squares of cloth are stitched together to make one large piece
- a patchwork quilt

n. something that is made up of a lot of different things
patchwork of
- a patchwork of woods and fields, typical of the English countryside
- The area was a patchwork of local industries.

SYN hodgepodge, welter

وصله دوزی، مرصع، چهل تکه، قلاب دوزی، کار سر هم بندی، جسته گریخته، آش شله قلمکار

Question 21

flabbergast

Answer 21

flabbergast

v. to shock someone, usually by telling that person something they were not expecting:
- He was flabbergasted when we told him how cheap it was.

مبهوت کردن، گیج کردن

Question 22

temperate

Answer 22

temperate

temperate climate/zone/region etc: a type of weather or a part of the world that is never very hot or very cold

adj. behaviour that is temperate is calm and sensible OPP intemperate

معتدل، ملایم، میانه رو

Question 23

benighted

Answer 23

benighted

adj. having no knowledge or understanding

گرفتارتاریکی جهل، شب زده تاریک

Question 24

undiscriminating

Answer 24

undiscriminating

adj. not having the ability to see a difference between two people or things, and therefore unable to make judgments about them

Question 25

palpable

Answer 25

palpable

adj. a feeling that is palpable is so strong that other people notice it and can feel it around them OPP impalpable
- There was a palpable sense of relief among the crowd.

adj. complete
- What he said is palpable nonsense.

پرماس پذیر، پرماسیدنی، حس کردنی، قابل لمس، آشکار، واضح