Word List 02 Flashcards
fervent
- a fervent appeal for peace
- a fervent supporter of human rights
- a fervent supporter of the communist party
- It is his fervent hope that a peaceful solution will soon be found.
fervent
adj. believing or feeling something very strongly and sincerely SYN strong
با حرارت، با حمیت، پر شور و شعف، ملتهب
fervent admirer/believer etc
alleviate
- The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.
- a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu
- measures to alleviate poverty
alleviate
v. to make something less painful or difficult to deal with
alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etc
سبک کردن، آرام کردن، کم کردن
contagious
- The infection is highly contagious, so don’t let anyone else use your towel.
- Keep him out of school until he’s not contagious anymore.
- Fear is contagious.
contagious
adj. A contagious disease can be caught by touching someone who has the disease or a piece of infected clothing
adj. A contagious person has a contagious disease
adj. A contagious feeling spreads quickly among people
pedantic
- They were being unnecessarily pedantic by insisting that Berry himself, and not his wife, should have made the announcement.
- Some people can be very pedantic about punctuation.
pedantic
adj. paying too much attention to rules or to small unimportant details
pedantic about
موشکاف
unwieldy
- A piano is a very unwieldy item to get down a flight of stairs.
- unwieldy bureaucracy
unwieldy
adj. an unwieldy object is big, heavy, and difficult to carry or use
adj. an unwieldy system, argument, or organization is difficult to control or manage because it is too complicated
SYN cumbersome
سنگین، گنده، بدهیکل، دیرجنب، صعب
vociferous
- a vociferous opponent of the plan
- The minority population became more vociferous in its demands.
- A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views.
vociferous
adj. expressing your opinions loudly and strongly
vociferous in
پر سر و صدا
profess
- She professes not to be interested in money.
- I don’t profess to know all the details about the case.
- She professes ignorance of the whole affair, though I’m not sure I believe her.
profess
v. to state something, sometimes in a way that is not sincere
v. to claim something, sometimes falsely
profess to do/be something
ادعا کردن، اظهار کردن تدریس کردن، ابراز ایمان کردن
obeisance
- One by one the noblemen made their obeisances (= bent at the waist) to the queen.
- They made obeisance to the sultan.
obeisance
n. respect and obedience to someone or something, often shown by bending your head or the upper part of your body
make/pay obeisance (to somebody/something)
کرنش، احترام، تواضع، تعظیم
diffuse
- The pollutants diffuse into the soil.
- Television is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge.
- Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream.
- The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water.
diffuse
adj. spread out over a large space SYN disperse, spread
adj. using a lot of words and not explaining things clearly and directly
v. to spread out: to move freely throughout a large area
diffuse through/into/across
منتشر شده، پراکنده، پخش شده، افشانده، افشاندن، پخش کردن، منتشر کردن
fulminate
- I had to listen to Michael fulminating against the government.
- Mick was fulminating against the unfairness of it all.
- It would be foolish to fulminate too strongly against the chain stores.
fulminate
v. to criticize strongly
v. to criticize someone or something angrily
fulminate at/against/about
با تهدید سخن گفتن داد و بیداد راه انداختن، اعتراض کردن
voluble
- Clarissa was extremely voluble on the subject of good manners.
- She was a voluble, smart, funny interviewee.
voluble
adj. speaking a lot, with confidence and enthusiasm
پر حرف، روان، سلیس، چرب و نرم، خوش زبان
sterling
- You’ve done a sterling job.
- Everyone has made a sterling effort.
sterling
adj. conforming to the highest standard
دارای عهیار قانونی، تمام عیار، ظاهر و باطن یکی واقعی،
surmount
- He has had to surmount immense physical disabilities.
- a tower surmounted by a dome
- They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their plans.
surmount
v. to succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty SYN overcome
v. to be above or on top of something
غالب آمدن بر، برطرف کردن، بالا قرار گرفتن
pry
- As a reporter, I was paid to pry into other people’s lives.
- I hope you don’t think I’m prying, but has your boyfriend ever lived with anyone before?
- She wanted a private holiday away from prying eyes (= where no one would be trying to see her).
pry
v. to try to find out private facts about a person
adj. prying
با دقت نگاه کردن، کاوش کردن، فضولانه نگاه کردن، با دیلم یا اهرم بلند کردن اهرم، دیلم، کنجکاوی، فضولی، فضول
inhibit
- Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers.
- This drug inhibits the growth of tumours.
inhibit
v. to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed
v. to slow down a process or the growth of something
inhibit somebody from doing something
باز داشتن و نهی کردن، منع کردن، مانع شدن، از بروز احساسات جلوگیری کردن
censure
- a vote of censure
- He was officially censured for his handling of the situation.
- Ministers were censured for their lack of decisiveness during the crisis.
- The likelihood is that he will be severely censured and possibly also fined.
censure
n. the act of expressing strong disapproval and criticism
v. to officially criticize someone for something they have done wrong
انتقاد، سرزنش، سرزنش کردن
peripatetic
- a peripatetic music teacher
- a peripatetic lifestyle
peripatetic
adj. travelling from place to place, especially in order to do your job SYN itinerant
adj. travelling around to different places, usually because you work in more than one place
گردش کننده، دوره گرد
stringent
- The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.
- We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.
- Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.
stringent
adj. very strict or severe
adj. stringent economic conditions exist when there is a severe lack of money and strict controls on the supply of money
سخت، دقیق، غیر قابل کشش کاسد، تند وتیز، سختگیر خسیس، محکم بسته شده
dwindle
- The elephant population is dwindling.
- His money had dwindled away.
- The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years.
- Her hopes of success in the race dwindled last night as the weather became worse.
dwindle
v. to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller
رفته رفته کوچک شدن، تدریجا کاهش یافتن، کم شدن، تحلیل رفتن
underrate
- Never underrate your opponent in a political contest.
- The company has consistently underrated the importance of a well-trained workforce.
underrate
v. to fail to recognize the importance, value, skill, power, etc., of someone or something
v. to rate or value (someone or something) too low
چیزی را کمتر از قیمت واقعی نرخ گذاشتن، ناچیز شمردن، دست کم گرفتن
incursion
- incursions into enemy territory
- the Japanese incursion into the U.S. domestic electronics market
incursion
n. a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border
n. an occasion when people suddenly involve themselves in another person’s private situation
تاخت و تاز، تهاجم، تاراج وحمله، تعدی
pastiche
- The movie is a skilful, witty pastiche of “Jaws”.
pastiche
n. a work that imitates the style of previous works
تقلید ادبی یا صنعتی از اثاراستادان فن
dishearten
- If young children don’t see quick results they grow disheartened.
- We must not be disheartened by this setback.
dishearten
v. to make a person lose confidence, hope, and energy
دلسرد کردن، نومید کردن
emulate
- They hope to emulate the success of other software companies.
- Fitzgerald is eager to emulate Martin’s record of three successive world titles.
- He hoped to emulate the success of Wilder.
emulate
v. to do something or behave in the same way as someone else, especially because you admire them SYN imitate
هم چشمی کردن با، رقابت کردن با، برابری جستن با پهلو زدن، تقلید کردن
adduce
- None of the evidence adduced in court was conclusive.
adduce
v. to give reasons why you think something is true
استناد کنند
emblematic
- A sword is emblematic of power gained by violence.
- The Vespa scooter became emblematic of sophisticated urban culture across Europe.
emblematic
adj. seeming to represent or be a sign of something SYN representative
نشانه، حاکی کنایه دار، رمزی ، نمادین
emblematic of
indict
- Five people were indicted on charges of robbery.
- He was indicted on drug charges at Snaresbrook Crown Court.
- Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit currency.
indict
v. to officially charge someone with a criminal offence
اعلام جرم کردن، متهم کردن، تعقیب قانونی کردن
indict somebody for something
n. indictment
اعلام جرم، تنظیم ادعانامه، اتهام
discontinue
- Bus route 51 is being discontinued.
- a discontinued china pattern
- The bank is discontinuing this service.
discontinue
v. to stop doing, producing, or providing something
ادامه ندادن، بس کردن موقوف کردن، قطع کردن
wary
- I’m a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don’t know them very well.
- I’m a bit wary of driving in this fog.
wary
adj. someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful
بسیار محتاط، با ملاحظه هشیار
be wary of (doing) something
opprobrium
- International opprobrium has been heaped on the country following its attack on its neighbours.
- Any country trading in these weapons would face international opprobrium.
opprobrium
n. strong criticism or disapproval, especially expressed publicly
رسوایی، ننگ، خفت، زشتی ناسزایی
aesthetic
- The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal.
- furniture that is both aesthetic and functional
aesthetic
adj. connected with beauty and the study of beauty
وابسته به زیبایی، مربوط به علم (محسنات)، ظریف طبع
expedite
- strategies to expedite the decision-making process
- Something needs to be done to expedite the process.
expedite
v. to make a process or action happen more quickly SYN speed up
تسریع کردن در، پیش بردن شتابان
captivate
- He was captivated by her beauty.
- With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.
captivate
v. to attract someone very much, and hold their attention
شیفتن، فریفتن، اسیر کردن
be captivated by somebody/something
irreversible
- Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs.
- Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment
irreversible
adj irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before OPP reversible
بازگشت ناپذیر
emotive
- Animal experimentation is a highly emotive issue.
- Child abuse is an emotive subject.
emotive
adj. making people have strong feelings SYN emotional
وابسته به احساسات
emotive issue/subject/word etc
refine
- Engineers spent many months refining the software.
- Crude oil is industrially refined to purify it and separate out the different elements, such as benzene.
- Car makers are constantly refining their designs.
refine
v. to make something pure or improve something, especially by removing unwanted material
پالاییدن، پالودن، تصفیه کردن، خالص کردن، تهذیب کردن، پاک شدن، تصحیح کردن
v. to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes
exhilarate
- Many emigrants recall their passages as particularly exhilarating experiences, regardless of physical discomforts.
exhilarate
v. to make someone feel very excited and happy
نشاط دادن، شادمان کردن روح بخشیدن
solitary
- In the distance was a solitary building.
- He was a solitary child
- Pandas are solitary creatures.
solitary
adj. used to emphasize that there is only one of something SYN single
adj. doing something without anyone else with you
adj. spending a lot of time alone, usually because you like being alone OPP sociable
تنها، مجرد، گوشه نشین منزوی، پرت
jar
- There was a modern lamp that jarred with the rest of the room.
- His enthusiasm jarred.
- His words jarred Harriet.
jar
n. a glass container with a wide top and a lid, used for storing food such as jam or honey, or the amount it contains
شیشه دهن گشاد
v. to make someone feel annoyed or shocked
v. to be different in style or appearance from something else and therefore look strange SYN clash
jar with
ناجور بودن، مغایر بودن، نزاع کردن، تکان دادن، لرزاندن
unfettered
- Poets are unfettered by the normal rules of sentence structure.
- unfettered economic activity
- Yet it could not be achieved with unfettered freedom.
unfettered
adj. not restricted by laws or rules
غیرمحدودوغیرمحصور
flummery
- These letters are full of the most ornate diplomatic flummery.
flummery
n. praise or other polite speech or behaviour that is not sincere and does not really mean anything
n. meaningless or deceptive language
سخن پوچ
implacable
- The government faces implacable opposition on the issue of nuclear waste.
- an implacable enemy
- implacable hostility
یک دشمن سرسخت
خصومت بی رحمانه
implacable
adj. used to describe (someone who has) strong opinions or feelings that are impossible to change
سنگ دل، کینه توز
adj. very determined to continue opposing someone or something
arduous
- an arduous climb/task/journey
- the arduous task of loading all the boxes into the van
- an arduous journey through the mountains
arduous
adj. involving a lot of strength and effort
دشوار، پر زحمت، پرالتهاب، صعب الصعود
arduous task/work
arduous journey/voyage
conciliatory
- a conciliatory gesture/remark
- The UK government was not in a conciliatory mood.
- Perhaps you should adopt a more conciliatory approach.
conciliatory
adj. showing willingness to end a disagreement, or trying to make someone less angry
مصالحه
conciliatory approach/tone/gesture etc
optimism
- There was a note of optimism in his voice as he spoke about the company’s future.
- Recent results must give some cause for optimism.
- There are grounds for cautious optimism.
optimism
n. a tendency to believe that good things will always happen OPP pessimism
فلسفه خوش بینی، نیک بینی
grounds/cause/reason for optimism
vindicate
- The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper.
- They said they welcomed the trial as a chance to vindicate themselves.
- They are hoping for vindication in court.
vindicate
v. to prove that someone who was blamed for something is in fact not guilty
حمایت کردن از، پشتیبانی کردن از، دفاع کردن از محقق کردن، اثبات بیگناهی کردن، توجیه کردن
v. to prove that someone or something is right or true SYN justify
malady
- All the rose bushes seem to be suffering from the same mysterious malady.
- She’s suffering from a variety of maladies, including dizziness, weakness, and headaches.
malady
n. a serious problem in society
ناخوشی، فاسد شدگی بیماری، مرض
n. an illness
warrant
- The magistrate issued a warrant for his arrest.
قاضی حکم بازداشت او را صادر کرد. - The company issued warrants for 300,000 shares.
این شرکت برای 300000 سهم ضمانت نامه صادر کرد.
warrant
v. to give assurance
سند عندالمطالبه، گواهی کردن، تضمین کردن، گواهی حکم
n. a reason for doing something
n. an official document, signed by a judge or other person in authority, that gives the police permission to search someone’s home, arrest a person, or take some other action
death warrant, search warrant
puncture
- My bike has had two punctures in the last three weeks.
- The knife went through his ribs and punctured his lung.
- My positive mood was rather punctured by the news.
puncture
n. a small hole made by a sharp object, especially in a tyre
سوراخ، پنچر، سوراخ کردن پنچر شدن
v. to make a small hole in something, or to get a small hole in something
v. to suddenly make someone less confident or positive
ascribe something to somebody/something
- To what do you ascribe the enormous success of your latest book?
- People like to ascribe human feelings to animals (= believe animals have human feelings).
- The report ascribes the rise in childhood asthma to the increase in pollution.
ascribe something to somebody/something
v. to consider something to be caused, created, or owned by someone or something
نسبت دادن، اسناد دادن دانست
clandestine
- The group held weekly clandestine meetings in a church.
- He has been having a clandestine affair with his secretary for three years.
- She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA.
clandestine
adj. planned or done in secret, especially describing something that is not officially allowed
مخفی، غیرمشروع،
equivocal
- His words to the press were deliberately equivocal - he didn’t deny the reports but neither did he confirm them.
- His answer was equivocal.
- She was rather equivocal about her work.
equivocal
adj. not clear and seeming to have two opposing meanings, or confusing and able to be understood in two different ways SYN ambiguous
دارای دو معنی، دارای ابهام، دو پهلو، نامعلوم
elucidate
- The full picture has not yet been elucidated.
- I don’t understand. You’ll have to elucidate.
- The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists.
elucidate
v. to explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more information SYN clarify
روشن کردن، توضیح دادن شفاف، روشن
propaganda
- At school we were fed communist/right-wing propaganda.
- One official dismissed the ceasefire as a mere propaganda exercise.
- the spreading of political propaganda
propaganda
n. information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them
Nazi/Communist etc propaganda
propaganda exercise/campaign
putative
- The putative leader of the terrorist cell was arrested yesterday.
رهبر احتمالی گروهک تروریستی دیروز دستگیر شد. - the putative father of her child
putative
adj. generally thought to be or to exist, even if this may not really be true
قلمداد شده، مفروض مورد قبول عامه
conjecture
- There’s been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage.
- It seems reasonable to conjecture that these conditions breed violence.
- What she said was pure conjecture.
conjecture
n. an idea or opinion formed by guessing SYN guess, hypothesis
حدس، ظن، گمان، تخمین، حدس زدن، گمان بردن
v. to form an idea or opinion without having much information to base it on SYN guess
conjecture that
coalesce
- The theory is that galaxies coalesced from smaller groupings of stars.
- Gradually the different groups of people coalesced into one dominant racial group.
coalesce
v. if objects or ideas coalesce, they combine to form one single group SYN fuse
به هم آمیختن، یکی شدن، منعقد شدن، ائتلاف کردن
coalesce into/with
tractable
- The problem turned out to be less tractable than I had expected.
- The issues have proved to be less tractable than expected.
tractable
adj. easy to control or deal with OPP intractable
رام شو، رام کردنی، سر به راه نرم، سست مهار
warble
- This morning it seemed as if every bird began to warble at once.
- Was that you I heard warbling in the bathroom this morning?
warble
v. to sing with a high continuous but quickly changing sound, the way a bird does
سراییدن، چهچهه زدن، سرود چهچه
v. to sing, especially not very well – used humorously
knotty
- It was a very knotty problem.
knotty
adj. (of a problem or difficulty) complicated and difficult to solve
گره دار، غامض
dichotomy
- There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.
- a dichotomy between his public and private lives
dichotomy
n. the difference between two things or ideas that are completely opposite
دوگانگی
dichotomy between
restive
- The audience was becoming restive as they waited for the performance to begin.
- Communist leaders struggled to rule over increasingly restive populations.
restive
adj. unwilling to be controlled or be patient
کله شق، رام نشو، بی قرار، سرکش، چموش
courteous
- Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous.
- The staff are always courteous and helpful.
- a courteous reply
courteous
adj. polite and showing respect for other people OPP discourteous
با ادب، مودب، فروتن مودبانه
invigorate
- We were invigorated by our walk.
- At my age, the walk into town is enough to invigorate me.
invigorate
v. to make someone feel fresher, healthier, and more energetic
نیرو دادن، قوت دادن، روح بخشیدن، پر زور کردن تقویت شدن، خوش بنیه شدن
invigorating: adj.
The fresh air was invigorating.
truculent
- a truculent teenager
- He was truculent and difficult to deal with.
truculent
وحشی، خشن، بی رحم، قصی القلب، سبع
adj. bad-tempered and always willing to argue with people SYN awkward
congenial
- congenial company/surroundings
- The department provides a congenial atmosphere for research.
- Frank was a very congenial colleague.
congenial
adj. pleasant in a way that makes you feel comfortable and relaxed
congenial atmosphere/surroundings/environment
همخو، هم مشرب، دارای تجانس روحی، هم سلیقه
adj. suitable for something
insouciance
- I admired his youthful insouciance.
- an air of insouciance
insouciance
بی پروایی، بی قیدی، سهل انگاری، بی اعتنایی، لاابالی گری
n. a cheerful feeling of not caring or worrying about anything SYN nonchalance
devastate
- Waves of corporate downsizing have devastated employee morale.
- I was so devastated I was crying constantly.
- The town was devastated by a hurricane in 1928.
devastate
ویران کردن، خراب کردن تاراج کردن
v. to make someone feel extremely shocked and sad
v. to damage something very badly or completely
keen
- He told me that he was keen to help.
- a keen photographer
- Dogs have a very keen sense of smell.
keen
adj. very excited about and interested in something
adj. pungent; acrid
تیز کردن، شدید بودن، شدید کردن، نوحه سرایی کردن، تیز، پر زور، تند، حاد، شدید، تیز، زیرک، باهوش، مشتاق
adj. having or marked by intellectual quickness and acuity
ethos
- national ethos
- working-class ethos
- The ethos of the traditional family firm is being threatened.
- Violence is part of their ethos.
ethos
n. the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about the social behaviour and relationships of a person or group
Violence is part of their ethos.
flagrant
- flagrant violations of human rights
- a flagrant misuse of funds/privilege
- a flagrant breach of trust
- a flagrant disregard for the law
flagrant
adj. shocking because of being so bad and so obvious
آشکار، برملا، انگشت نما رسوا، وقیح، زشت
adj. a flagrant action is shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect for laws, truth etc
flagrant abuse/violation/breach etc
solitude
- Carl spent the morning in solitude.
- the solitude of her house on the lake
- a life of solitude
- After months of solitude at sea it felt strange to be in company.
- It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude.
solitude
n. the situation of being alone, often by choice
تنهایی، انفراد، خلوت، جای خلوت
anachronism
- The monarchy is something of an anachronism these days.
- The film is full of anachronisms.
anachronism
n. someone or something that seems to belong to the past, not the present
بیموردی، (در تاریخ نویسی) اشتباه در ترتیب حقیقی وقایع و ظهور اشخاص، نابهنگامی
n. something in a play, film etc that seems wrong because it did not exist in the period of history in which the play etc is set
anachronistic: adj.
turbid
- Several different species of fish inhabit these turbid shallow waters.
turbid
گل آلود، تیره، کدر، در هم و بر هم، مه آلود
adj. (of a liquid) not transparent because a lot of small pieces of matter are held in it
adj. turbid water or liquid is dirty and muddy
adj. in a state of turmoil
confine
- Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
- Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.
confine
v. to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way
حد، محدوده، محدود کردن، منحصر کردن، محبوس کردن
v. to keep someone closed in a place, often by force SYN restrict
venerate
- Robert Burns is Scotland’s most venerated poet.
- These children are venerated as holy beings.
venerate
v. to honour or very much respect a person or thing
ستایش و احترام کردن، تکریم کردن
venerate somebody as something
premeditate
- I rarely premeditate, which is a mistake.
- premeditated murder
- a premeditated attack
- The assault was premeditated and particularly brutal.
premeditate
v. consider, ponder, or plan (an action) beforehand
قبلا فکر چیزی را کردن مطالعه قبلی کردن
v. think or reflect beforehand or in advance
premeditated: adj. a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done deliberately
insular
- an insular community
- the insular world of the law
insular
adj. separated from other people or cultures
adj. not knowing or interested in new or different ideas
consolidate
- The company has consolidated its position as the country’s leading gas supplier.
- The team consolidated their lead with a third goal.
- The success of their major product consolidated the firm’s position in the market.
consolidate
v. to make (something, such as a position of power or control) stronger or more secure
محکم کردن، یکی کردن، یک رقم کردن
v. to combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to deal with
upheaval
- I’m not sure it’s worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.
- political upheaval
- Moving house is a major upheaval.
upheaval
n. a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble
تغییر فاحش، تحول، انقلاب، برخاست، بالا آمدن
unyielding
- Korea is unyielding in its demands for a new treaty.
- an unyielding resistance to change
unyielding
adj. completely unwilling to change a decision, opinion, demand, etc.
mendacious
- Some of these statements are misleading and some are downright (صرفا، محض) mendacious.
- mendacious propaganda
mendacious
adj. not telling the truth
دروغگو، کاذب
sonorous
- a sonorous voice
sonorous
adj. having a pleasantly deep loud sound
صدا دار، طنین انداز، قلنبه بلند، پرصدا
fertile
- 800 acres of fertile cropland
- Most men remain fertile into old age.
fertile
adj. fertile land or soil is able to produce good crops
حاصلخیز، پرثمر، بارور برومند، پربرکت
adj. able to produce babies, young animals, or new plants OPP infertile
decadent
- a decadent society
- the decadent court surrounding the king
- Pop music was condemned as decadent and crude.
decadent
adj. A decadent person or group has low moral standards
روبه انحطاط، منحط، روبفسادرونده
adj. having low moral standards and being more concerned with pleasure than serious matters
indispensable
- This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.
- His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.
- Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet.
- Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives.
indispensable
adj. someone or something that is indispensable is so important or useful that it is impossible to manage without them SYN essential
indispensable for/in (doing) something
واجب، حتمی، چاره نا پذیر ضروری، ناگزیر، صرفنظرنکردنی، لازم الاجرا
covert
- covert actions
- covert operations
- The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.
covert
adj. secret or hidden OPP overt
نهان، راز، پناهگاه، پوشیده، پوشپر
n. a group of thick bushes where animals can hide
instinct
- Animals have a natural instinct for survival.
- All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.
instinct
n. a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned
غریزه، شعور حیوانی، هوش طبیعی جانوران
sexual/maternal/survival instinct
discern
- Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was.
- We could just discern a town in the distance.
discern
v. to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully
تشخیص دادن، تمیز دادن
discern what/where/why etc
v. to be able to see something by looking carefully SYN perceive
orientation
- The company needs to develop a stronger orientation towards marketing its products.
- How can we get students to adopt a serious orientation to learning?
orientation
n. a usually general or lasting direction of thought, inclination, or interest
آشنایی، راهنمایی، گرایش جهت، جهت یابی
n. the relative position or direction of something
riddle
- See if you can solve this riddle.
- The police have been unable to solve the riddle of her disappearance.
riddle
n. a question that is deliberately very confusing and has a humorous or clever answer
معما، چیستان، لغز، رمز، جدول معما، گیج و سر در گم کردن، تفسیر یا بیان کردن
n. something that you do not understand and cannot explain SYN puzzle, mystery
jejune
- jejune political opinions
- a jejune lecture by one of our professors
jejune
adj. very simple or childish
بیهوده، نارس، تهی، خشک، بی مزه، بی لطافت
adj. boring and not interesting
clownish
clownish
adj. silly or stupid
لوده وار، دلقک
indifferent
- Sarah was absolutely indifferent to him, and it hurt.
- an indifferent cook
- He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.
indifferent
adj. not at all interested in someone or something
indifferent to
خون سرد، لاقید، بی طرف، بی تعقیب، بی اهمیت، بی تفاوت، جزئی، بی اثر
adj. not particularly good SYN mediocre
lethargic
- The hot weather was making us all lethargic.
- I was feeling tired and lethargic.
lethargic
adj. feeling as if you have no energy and no interest in doing anything SYN lazy OPP energetic
بیحال، سست
clique
- a ruling clique of officials
- the cliques formed by high school students
- There’s a clique at work that never talks/who never talk to anyone else.
clique
n. a small group of people who think they are special and do not want other people to join them – used to show disapproval
clique of
دسته، گروه، محفل
fungible
- fungible goods/commodities
- fungible assets/bonds
fungible
adj. easy to exchange or trade for something else of the same type and value
عوض دار، مثلی، قابل تعویض، اموال مثلی
complimentary
- The reviews of his latest film have been highly complimentary.
- She wasn’t very complimentary about your performance, was she?
complimentary
adj. given free to people
adj. praising or expressing admiration for someone
تعریف آمیز، تعارفی، بلیط افتخاری
empirical
- This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence.
- Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.
empirical
adj. based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP theoretical, hypothetical
تجربی
