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GRE 2500 > Word List 04 > Flashcards

Word List 04 Flashcards

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1
Q

tantamount

  • Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt.
  • To leave a dog home alone is tantamount to cruelty.
A

tantamount

adj. tantamount to sth
being almost the same or having the same effect as something, usually something bad SYN equal

be tantamount to something
if an action, suggestion, plan etc is tantamount to something bad, it has the same effect or is almost as bad

برابر، معادل، هم کف همپایه، بمثابه

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2
Q

unflinching

  • It is a brave and unflinching account of prison life.
  • unflinching courage
A

unflinching

adj. not changing or becoming weaker, even in a very difficult or dangerous situation
ثابت قدم، پایدار، مصمم

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3
Q

prototype

  • a prototypical jazz singer
  • a working prototype of the new car
A

prototype

n. the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed

prototypical (adj)

نخستین بشر، اصل ماده، نخستین آفریده، نمونه اصلی، شکل اولیه، مدل پیش الگو، پیش گونه، نمونه اولیه

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4
Q

equanimity

  • He received the news of his mother’s death with remarkable equanimity.
  • Three years after the tragedy she has only just begun to regain her equanimity.
A

equanimity

n. a calm mental state, especially after a shock or disappointment or in a difficult situation
متانت، خودداری، ملایمت، آرامی، قرار، قضاوت منصفانه، تعادل فکری، انصاف، عدالت

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5
Q

espouse

  • Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse.
  • He espoused conservative political views.
A

espouse

v. to become involved with or support an activity or opinion

v. to support an idea, belief etc, especially a political one
espouse a cause/policy etc

عقدکردن، عروسی کردن، نامزدکردن، شوهردادن، حمایت کردن از، عقیده داشتن به

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6
Q

inattention

  • Her disappointing exam results are entirely due to her inattention in class.
  • a moment of inattention
A

inattention

n. failure to give attention SYN carelessness

عدم توجه، محل نگذاشتن، بی اعتنا بودن، بی توجهی، بی اعتنایی

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7
Q

fractious

  • a fractious child
  • Children become fractious when they are tired.
A

fractious

adj. easily upset or annoyed, and often complaining SYN irritable
adj. tending to argue, fight, or complain, and hard to control

بدخو، کج خلق، ننر، متمرد زود رنج

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8
Q

disorganized

  • The conference was completely disorganized.
  • He’s an extremely disorganized person.
A

disorganized

adj. not arranged or planned in a clear order, or lacking any kind of plan or system OPP well-organized
adj. someone who is disorganized is very bad at arranging or planning things OPP organized

در هم ریخته

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9
Q

figurative

  • He’s my son, in the figurative sense of the word.
  • They have a taste – figuratively speaking – for excitement.
A

figurative

When speech or writing is not literal, it is figurative, like when you say you have a ton of homework. You don’t really have 2000 pounds of homework, do you? Also, when art depicts a figure from life it is figurative, like a figurative drawing of a dancer.

adj. a figurative word or phrase is used in a different way from its usual meaning, to give you a particular idea or picture in your mind → literal
adj. figurative art shows objects, people, or the countryside as they really look → abstract

مجازی، تمثیلی، رمزی کنایه ای، تصویری، تلویحی

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10
Q

entail

  • A new computer system entails a lot of re-training.
  • Some foreign travel is entailed in the job.
  • Due to a restrictive clause in an ancestor’s will, the property was entailed to male-line descendants.
A

entail

v. to involve something as a necessary part or result
v. if you entail property, you arrange for it to be given to a specific person, usually your oldest son, when you die

مستلزم بودن، شامل بودن، فراهم کردن، متضمن بودن، در بر داشتن، حمل کردن بر، حبس یا وقف کردن، موجب شدن

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11
Q

impeccable

  • She has taught her children impeccable manners.
  • a bar with impeccable service
A

impeccable

adj. without any faults and impossible to criticize SYN perfect

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12
Q

stifle

  • rules and regulations that stifle innovation
  • How can this party stifle debate on such a crucial issue?
  • He stifled an urge to hit her.
  • He was almost stifled by the fumes.
  • I felt like I was stifling in the humid air.
A

stifle

v. to stop something from happening or developing OPP encourage

v. to stop a feeling from being expressed
stifle a yawn/smile/grin etc

v. if you are stifled by something, it stops you breathing comfortably → suffocate

خفه کردن، خاموش کردن فرونشاندن

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13
Q

pragmatic

  • In business, the pragmatic approach to problems is often more successful than an idealistic one.
  • He made a pragmatic decision to settle the lawsuit because in the end it would cost more to try it in court.
A

pragmatic

adj. solving problems in a sensible way that suits the conditions that really exist now, rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas, or rules
adj. based on practical judgments rather than principles

عملی، فعال واقع بین، فلسفه واقع بینی واقعیت گرایی، کاربسته عمل گرا

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14
Q

didactic

  • His novel has a didactic tone.
  • a didactic approach to teaching
A

didactic

adj. speech or writing that is didactic is intended to teach people a moral lesson
adj. someone who is didactic is too eager to teach people things or give instructions

آموزشی، تعلیمی، یاد دهنده ادبی

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15
Q

dazzle

  • a deer dazzled by the headlights
  • As children, we were dazzled by my uncle’s good looks and charm.
A

dazzle

v. if a very bright light dazzles you, it stops you from seeing properly for a short time
v. to make someone feel strong admiration

خیره کردن، تابش یا روشنی خیره کننده

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16
Q

stalwart

  • She has been a stalwart supporter of the party for many years.
  • Let me introduce Bob, one of the club’s stalwarts.
A

stalwart

adj. loyal, especially for a long time; able to be trusted
n. a person who has been loyal for a long time

ستبر، تنومند، قوی، بی باک، مصمم، شدید

stalwart supporter/ally etc
a very loyal and strong supporter etc

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17
Q

archaic

  • archaic words
  • Many smaller radio stations broadcast on archaic equipment.
  • archaic civilizations
A

archaic

adj. old and no longer used SYN outdated OPP modern
adj. old-fashioned and needing to be replaced
adj. from or relating to ancient times SYN ancient

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18
Q

palliate

  • They tried to palliate the hardship of their lives.
  • The drugs palliate pain but have no effect on inflammation (آماس، التهاب، شعله ور سازی، احتراق ).
A

palliate

v. to reduce the bad effects of something
v. to reduce pain without curing its cause

تسکین دادن، موقتا آرام کردن

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19
Q

accede to something

  • He graciously acceded to our request.
  • It is doubtful whether the government will ever accede to the nationalists’ demands for independence.
  • The diaries were written in 1837, when Queen Victoria acceded to the throne.
A

accede to something

v. to agree to a demand, proposal etc, especially after first disagreeing with it / to agree to do what people have asked you to do

accede to the throne/accede to power: to become king or queen, or to take a position of power

دست یافتن، رسیدن، راه یافتن، نائل شدن، نزدیک شدن، موافقت کردن، رضایت دادن، تن در دادن

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20
Q

consort

  • They claimed he had been consorting with drug dealers.
  • a man who regularly consorted with prostitutes (فاحشه، فاحشه شدن، برای پول خود را پست کردن )
A

consort

v. to spend a lot of time in the company of a particular group of people, especially people whose character is not approved of
n. a wife or husband, especially of a ruler

همسر، شریک، مصاحب، هم نشین شدن، جور کردن

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21
Q

hostile

  • Southampton fans gave their former coach a hostile reception.
  • The boy feels hostile towards his father.
  • Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.
  • Sales increased last year despite the hostile economic environment.
A

hostile

adj. angry and deliberately unfriendly towards someone, and ready to argue with them
hostile to/towards

adj. opposing a plan or idea very strongly
hostile to/towards

adj. belonging to an enemy

adj. used to describe conditions that are difficult to live in, or that make it difficult to achieve something
hostile environment/climate/terrain etc

دشمن، خصومت آمیز، متخاصم، ضد

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22
Q

ubiquitous

  • Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days.
  • a French film, starring the ubiquitous Gérard Depardieu
A

ubiquitous

adj. seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously

حاضر، همه جا حاضر، موجود درهمه جا

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23
Q

authenticate

  • They used carbon dating tests to authenticate the claim that the skeleton was two million years old.
  • The painting has been authenticated by experts.
  • passwords which can authenticate electronic documents
A

authenticate

v. to prove that something is true or real

اعتبار دادن، سندیت یا رسمیت دادن، تصدیق کردن

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24
Q

condescend

  • I wonder if Michael will condescend to visit us?
  • Take care not to condescend to your readers.
  • He treats his players fairly and never condescends to them.
A

condescend

v. behave in a patronizing and condescending manner

v. to behave as if you think you are better, more intelligent, or more important than other people – used to show disapproval
condescend to

v. to do something in a way that shows you think it is below your social or professional position – used to show disapproval
condescend to do something

condescend to do sth
If you condescend to do something, you agree to do something that you do not consider to be good enough for your social position

ارباب مابانه رفتار کردن

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25
Q

predilection

  • Ever since she was a child, she has had a predilection for spicy food.
  • Mrs Lane’s predilection for gossip
A

predilection

n. if you have a predilection for something, especially something unusual, you like it very much SYN liking
predilection for

تمایل قبلی، رجحان برگزیدگی، جانبداری

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26
Q

fruitless

  • a fruitless attempt to settle the dispute
  • So far, their search has been fruitless.
  • All diplomatic attempts at a peaceful solution to the crisis have been fruitless.
A

fruitless

adj. failing to achieve what was wanted, especially after a lot of effort OPP fruitful
fruitless attempt/exercise

بی میوه، بی ثمر

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27
Q

diminutive

  • He’s a diminutive figure, less than five feet tall.
  • a shy diminutive man
A

diminutive

adj. very small SYN minuscule

مصغر، خرد، کوچک، حقیر

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28
Q

illustrious

  • She has had an illustrious career.
  • Wagner was just one of many illustrious visitors to the town.
  • She comes from an illustrious political family that includes two former Cabinet ministers.
A

illustrious

adj. famous and admired because of what you have achieved

برجسته، نامی، درخشان، ممتاز، مجلل

Coming from the Latin illustris, meaning “bright, distinguished, famous,” illustrious is a powerful adjective. It’s similar to luster, which is a brilliant shine — so imagine that something illustrious is as wonderful as a sparkling diamond. Use this word to describe the career or reputation of someone really successful, like a bestselling author or business mogul.

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29
Q

unconscionable

  • To make people feel shame or guilt for being ill is unconscionable.
  • This unconscionable policy will cause great suffering.
  • After waiting for an unconscionable amount of time, we were told to come back later.
A

unconscionable

adj. morally unacceptable
adj. unacceptably great in amount

غیر معقول، گزاف، خلاف وجدان، بی وجدان

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30
Q

trivial

  • I don’t know why he gets so upset about something so trivial.
  • Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a trivial matter.
  • Getting computers to understand human language is not a trivial problem.
A

trivial

adj. not serious, important, or valuable
trivial problem/matter/complaint etc

OPP momentous (مهم، خطیر، واجب، با اهمیت )

جزیی، ناقابل، کم مایه، بدیهی، ناچیز، مبتذل

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31
Q

callow

  • a callow youth
  • Mark was just a callow youth of 16 when he arrived in Paris.
A

callow

adj. young and without experience – used to show disapproval SYN immature

جوجه ای که هنوز پردرنیاورده، شخص بی تجربه وناشی

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32
Q

sketchy

  • So far we only have sketchy information about what caused the explosion.
  • a sketchy guy
  • They lived in a sketchy neighborhood.
  • Officials provided only sketchy details of the trip.
A

sketchy

adj. not thorough or complete, and not having enough details to be useful SYN vague
adj. containing few details
adj. not completely safe or not completely honest

سردستی، از روی عجله ناقص، سطحی، عاری ازجزئیات

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33
Q

bemuse

  • Her answer bemused us all.
  • a bemused expression
  • He looked slightly bemused by all the questions.
A

bemuse

adj. looking as if you are confused SYN bewildered

adj. to slightly confuse someone
گیج کردن، غرق افکار شاعرانه کردن، بفکر انداختن

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34
Q

exotic

  • exotic flowers/food/designs
  • exotic pets like snakes and tropical birds
A

exotic

adj. unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country
بیگانه، عجیب و غریب، مرموز خوش رنگ

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35
Q

intuition

  • Often there’s no clear evidence one way or the other and you just have to base your judgment on intuition.
  • I can’t explain how I knew - I just had an intuition that you’d been involved in an accident.
  • Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
A

intuition

n. the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts SYN instinct

v. an idea about what is true in a particular situation based on a feeling rather than facts
intuition (that)

درک مستقیم، انتقال، کشف، دریافت ناگهانی، فراست، بصیرت، بینش، شهود، اشراق

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36
Q

episodic

  • The war between these two countries has been long-drawn-out and episodic.
  • an episodic drama series
A

episodic

adj. happening only sometimes and not regularly
adj. Episodic stories are divided into several parts, especially when they are broadcast on the television or radio

اتفاقی، ضمنی، عارضی

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37
Q

dovish

  • He is a dovish politican who was one of the signers of a model peace treaty.
A

dovish

adj. preferring peace and discussion to war OPP hawkish (خشونت طلب )
adj. supporting discussion or other peaceful solutions in political relationships rather than the use of force

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38
Q

realm

  • the spiritual realm
  • the economic/political realm
  • the realm of art/literature/music
  • I suppose it’s not beyond the realms of possibility.
A

realm

n. a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought
n. a country ruled by a king or queen

within the realms of possibility (also not beyond the realm(s) of possibility): used, often humorously, to say that something is possible even though you think it is not very likely

قلمرو سلطان، متصرفات مملکت، ناحیه

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39
Q

presage

  • The large number of moderate earthquakes that have occurred recently could presage a larger quake soon.
  • But still the economy is not showing signs of any of the excesses that normally presage a recession.
A

presage

v. to be a sign that something is going to happen, especially something bad
SYN portend

نشانه، نشان، علامت، فال نما شگون، گواهی دادن بر خبر دادن از، پیشگویی کردن

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40
Q

distinctive

  • a distinctive smell/taste
  • She’s got a very distinctive voice.
  • a rock band with a distinctive sound
A

distinctive

adj. having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize

مشخص، ممتاز، منش نما

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41
Q

concomitant

  • war with all its concomitant sufferings
  • Deafness is a frequent concomitant of old age.
  • Loss of memory is a natural concomitant of old age.
  • Any increase in students means a concomitant increase in money for the university.
A

concomitant

adj. existing or happening together, especially as a result of something SYN attendant

n. something that often or naturally happens with something else
concomitant of

همراه، ملازم، پیوسته

42
Q

abstemious

A

abstemious

Reserve abstemious for someone who exercises restraint, especially with regard to alcohol. A rock musician may sing about enjoying wine and women, but in his private life he may be abstemious.

adj. careful not to have too much food, drink etc
adj. not doing things that give you pleasure, especially not eating good food or drinking alcohol

مرتاض، ممسک در خورد ونوش و لذات، مخالف استعمال مشروبات الکلی، پرهیزکار، پارسامنش

SYN austere

43
Q

versatile

  • He’s a very versatile young actor who’s as happy in highbrow dramas as he is in TV comedies.
  • A leather jacket is a timeless and versatile garment that can be worn in all seasons.
  • He was a versatile guitarist, and recorded with many leading rock bands.
  • It is an especially versatile insecticide known to control a range of insects.
A

versatile

adj. able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes
adj. (of people) able to do many different things or to adjust to new conditions, or (of things) able to be used for many different purposes

دارای استعداد و ذوق، روان سلیس، گردان، متحرک متنوع و مختلط، چندسو گرد تطبیق پذیر، همه کاره

44
Q

vacillate

  • Her mood vacillated between hope and despair.
  • The president continues to vacillate over foreign policy.
  • Her parents vacillated between different approaches to discipline.
  • After weeks of vacillating around $75 per barrel, the price of crude closed at $85 barrel.
A

vacillate

v. to continue to change your opinions, decisions, ideas etc SYN waver
vacillate between

v. to be uncertain what to do, or to change often between two opinions
v. to be unable to decide something and esp. to continue to change opinions
v. if prices, rates, etc. vacillate, they keep rising and falling by small amounts

دودل بودن، دل دل کردن تردید داشتن، مردد بودن نوسان کردن، جنبیدن، تلوتلوخوردن

45
Q

devious

  • a devious politician
  • You have to be devious if you’re going to succeed in business.
  • a devious scheme
  • He took a rather devious route which avoids the city centre.
A

devious

adj. using dishonest tricks and deceiving people in order to get what you want → deceitful
adj. not going in the most direct way to get to a place SYN circuitous

بی راهه، کج، غیر مستقیم منحرف، گمراه

46
Q

suffice

  • I’m taking $400 - I think that should suffice.
  • The problems were of global importance, and only an international effort would suffice to deal with them.
A

suffice

v. to be enough

بس بودن، کفایت کردن، کافی بودن، بسنده بودن

47
Q

astute

  • an astute investor/businesswoman
  • his astute handling of the situation
  • an astute observer of human behaviour
  • He was politically astute, and was soon appointed to a number of powerful committees in Congress.
A

astute

adj. able to understand situations or behaviour very well and very quickly, especially so that you can get an advantage for yourself SYN clever
adj. able to understand a situation quickly and see how to take advantage of it

SYN shrewd

زیرک، ناقلا، دانا، هوشیار محیل، دقیق، موشکاف

48
Q

outrage

  • These murders have provoked outrage across the country.
  • Many politicians and members of the public expressed outrage at the verdict.
  • Local people were outraged at the bombing.
  • A proposed five percent cut in pay has outraged staff at the warehouse.
A

outrage

n. a feeling of great anger and shock
n. an event that produces great anger and shock, especially because it is cruel or violent
v. to make someone feel very angry and shocked

تخطی، غضب، هتک حرمت، ازجا در رفتن، سخت عصبانی شدن، بی حرمت ساختن، بی عدالتی کردن

49
Q

consensus

  • The general consensus in the office is that he can’t do his job.
  • Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let’s take a vote.
A

consensus

n. an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts SYN agreement
consensus on/about

توافق عام، رضایت وموافقت عمومی، وفاق، اجماع

50
Q

metaphor

  • “A heart of stone” is a metaphor.
  • “The mind is an ocean” and “the city is a jungle” are both metaphors.
  • Metaphor and simile are the most commonly used figures of speech in everyday language.
A

metaphor

n. an expression that describes a person or object by referring to something that is considered to possess similar characteristics

استعاره، صنعت استعاره کنایه، تشبیه

51
Q

outstrip

  • The demand for food in the war zone now far outstrips supply.
    (تقاضا برای غذا در منطقه جنگی اکنون بسیار بیشتر از عرضه است. )
  • Car dealers worry that demand will outstrip their supply.
  • We outstripped all our competitors in sales last year.
A

outstrip

v. to be or become greater in amount, degree, or success than something or someone

پیش افتادن از، عقب گذاشتن، پیشی جستن از

52
Q

querulous

  • He became increasingly dissatisfied and querulous in his old age.
  • ‘But why can’t I go?’ he said in a querulous voice.
A

querulous

adj. someone who is querulous complains about things in an annoying way

کج خلق، زود رنج، گله مند، ستیز جو، شکوه گر

53
Q

salient

  • She began to summarize the salient features/points of the proposal.
  • The article presented the salient facts of the dispute clearly and concisely.
A

salient

adj. the salient points or features of something are the most important or most noticeable parts of it

برجسته، نمایان

54
Q

culmination

  • Winning first prize was the culmination of years of practice and hard work.
  • The book was a fitting culmination to his career.
A

culmination

n. the end or final result of something
اوج، قله، حد اعلی

n. the point at which an event or series of events ends, having developed until it reaches this point

the culmination of something:
something, especially something important, that happens at the end of a long period of effort or development

The culmination is the end point or final stage of something you’ve been working toward or something that’s been building up. The culmination of your high school career, for example, should be graduation day — and probably not prom night.

55
Q

camaraderie

  • When you’ve been climbing alone for hours, there’s a tremendous sense of camaraderie when you meet another climber.
  • the camaraderie of the women’s basketball team
A

camaraderie

n. a feeling of friendship that a group of people have, especially when they work together
SYN solidarity
همراهی، همدمی، وفاداری، رفاقت

56
Q

cordial

  • a cordial smile/greeting/welcome/reception
  • Relations between the two leaders are said to be cordial.
  • The two statesmen are known to have a cordial dislike for each other.
A

cordial

adj. friendly, but formal and polite
adj. (of a feeling, especially dislike) strong

قلبی، صمیمی، مقوی

SYN easygoing, affable, conviviality

57
Q

tribute

  • The players wore black armbands as a tribute to their late teammate.
  • It was a tribute to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.
  • Tributes have been pouring in from all over the world for the famous actor who died yesterday.
  • floral tributes (= flowers sent to someone’s funeral)
  • The minister paid tribute to the men who had fought the blaze.
A

tribute

n. something that you say, do, or give in order to express your respect or admiration for someone

be a tribute to somebody/something:
to be a clear sign of the good qualities that someone or something has

n. a payment of goods or money by one ruler or country to another more powerful one, especially in order to be protected

باج، خراج، احترام، ستایش تکریم

58
Q

observant

  • “That’s a new dress, isn’t it?” “Yes, you are observant!”
  • As an observant Muslim, she wore a headscarf.
A

observant

adj. good or quick at noticing things
adj. obeying laws, religious rules etc

مراعات کننده، مراقب، هوشیار

59
Q

collegiality

  • Reporters in war zones share a sense of cooperation and collegiality.
  • He described his leadership style as one of inclusiveness, collegiality and teamwork.
A

collegiality

n. a friendly relationship between people who work together or do the same job

60
Q

pensive

  • She became withdrawn and pensive, hardly speaking to anyone.
  • James was more pensive than usual.
A

pensive

adj. thinking a lot about something, especially because you are worried or sad → thoughtful

اندیشناک، متفکر، افسرده، پکر گرفتار غم، محزون

61
Q

penance

  • As a penance, she said she would buy them all a box of chocolates.
  • They are doing penance for their sins.
A

penance

n. an act that shows that you feel sorry about something that you have done, sometimes for religious reasons

توبه وطلب بخشایش پشیمانی، ریاضت، وادار به توبه کردن

62
Q

rile

  • He was the calmest guy I ever knew – nothing ever riled him.
  • That class gets me so riled up.
  • Many farmers have been riled by Department of Agriculture fines.
  • [ M ] Your loud parties rile up the neighbors.
A

rile

v. to make someone extremely angry
آزردن، متغییر کردن، مغشوش کردن، هم زدن

63
Q

lambaste

  • His first novel was well and truly lambasted by the critics.
  • Democrats lambasted the president’s budget plan for being ‘inadequate’.
A

lambaste

v. to criticize someone or something very strongly, usually in public SYN slate

64
Q

undercut

  • Online bookstores can undercut retailers by up to 30%.
  • Is a lack of self-confidence undercutting your performance at work?
  • Big supermarkets can undercut all rivals, especially small family-owned shops.
  • They claim to undercut their competitors by at least five percent.
A

undercut

v. to sell goods or a service at a lower price than another company SYN undersell
v. to make something weaker or less effective SYN undermine

ببهای کمتری (از دیگران) فروختن، ببرش زیرین، اززیر بریدن

65
Q

harrow

  • roughly ploughed and harrowed land
  • The ploughman harrows and sows, and then waits for the harvest.
A

harrow

n. a large piece of equipment that is pulled behind a tractor (= a farm vehicle) to break the earth into small pieces ready for planting

66
Q

paradigm

  • Some of these educators are hoping to produce a change in the current cultural paradigm.
  • His ruthless accumulation of wealth stands as a paradigm of greed in the business world.
A

paradigm

n. a model or example that shows how something works or is produced
paradigm of

n. a very clear or typical example of something

آیه کتاب مقدس که مثالی را متضمن است، نمونه

67
Q

dissent

  • the ruthless suppression of political dissent
  • These voices of dissent grew louder.
  • When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent.
  • Rooney was booked for dissent after the referee failed to award United a penalty.
A

dissent

n. refusal to agree with an official decision or accepted opinion SYN opposition

v.to say that you disagree with an official decision or accepted opinion
dissent from

اختلاف عقیده داشتن، جدا شدن نفاق داشتن

68
Q

initiate

  • They have decided to initiate legal proceedings against the newspaper.
  • Intellectuals have initiated a debate on terrorism.
  • Those kids were initiated into heroin use at a young age.
  • At the age of thirteen, the boys in the tribe are initiated into manhood.
  • At the age of eleven, Harry was initiated into the art of golf by his father.
  • Each culture had a special ritual to initiate boys into manhood.
A

initiate

v. to arrange for something important to start, such as an official process or a new plan

v. to tell someone about something or show them how to do something
initiate somebody into something

v. to introduce someone into an organization, club, group etc, usually with a special ceremony
initiate somebody into something

ابتکار کردن، وارد کردن، تازه وارد کردن، آغاز کردن، بنیاد نهادن، نخستین قدم را برداشتن

69
Q

mutual

  • Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.
  • Both countries are acting to their mutual advantage.
  • The agreement was terminated by mutual consent.
A

mutual

adj. mutual feelings such as respect, trust, or hatred are feelings that two or more people have for each other → reciprocal
mutual respect/trust/understanding etc

adj. mutual support, help etc is support that two or more people give each other

دوسره، از دو سره، بین الاثنین، دو طرفه، متقابل، دو جانبه

70
Q

robust

  • These results demonstrate the robustness of our business model.
  • The house blend of coffee is particularly robust.
  • He looks robust and healthy enough.
A

robust

adj. (of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail
SYN sturdy

robustness (n)

قوی هیکل، تنومند، ستبر، هیکل دار

71
Q

betoken

  • All this betokens a lack of sense of urgency in dealing with these problems.
A

betoken

v. to be a sign of something
v. to mean something or be a sign of something

حاکی بودن از، دلالت کردن بر دال بر امری

72
Q

conceal

  • Do not conceal health problems from a prospective insurer.
  • He made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction.
  • The listening device was concealed in a pen.
A

conceal

v. to not tell somebody about something that they have the right to know about

پنهان کردن، نهان کردن، نهفتن

73
Q

outnumber

  • In our office the women outnumber the men three to one.
  • Girls outnumbered boys by a margin of 2 to 1.
A

outnumber

v. to be greater in number than someone or something

outnumber somebody/something by something

vastly/greatly/heavily outnumber

از حیث شماره بیشتر بودن، افزون بودن بر، با تعداد زیادتر تفوق یافتن بر

74
Q

itinerant

  • an itinerant journalist/labourer/preacher
  • He lived as an itinerant, earning or begging his bread as he went.
A

itinerant

adj. travelling from place to place, especially to work
SYN peripatetic

سیار، دوره گرد

75
Q

demonize

The Nazis used racist propaganda in an attempt to demonize the Jews.

  • The mayor demonizes anyone who disagrees with him.
A

demonize

v. to try to make someone or a group of people seem completely evil

دیو (اسا) کردن، دیو سان کردن، دیوانه کردن

76
Q

sober

  • He’s a nice guy when he’s sober.
  • a sober hard-working young man
  • a sober reminder of the difficulties we face
  • I’d had no wine all evening so I was stone cold (= completely) sober.
  • Anthony was in a very sober mood - I scarcely heard him laugh all night.
A

sober

adj. not drunk
adj. serious, and thinking or making you think carefully about things
adj. plain and not at all brightly coloured

هوشیار، بهوش، عاقل، میانه رو، معتدل، متین، سنگین موقر، آدم هشیار(دربرابرمست) هوشیار بودن، بهوش آوردن، از مستی درآوردن

77
Q

incendiary

  • The explosion seems to have been caused by an incendiary device.
  • a hip-hop album with incendiary lyrics
  • Thai food often is incendiary (= spicy hot).

He gave an incendiary speech at last night’s rally.

A

incendiary

adj. designed to cause a fire
incendiary bomb/device

adj. an incendiary speech, piece of writing etc is intended to make people angry

(=agitator) آتش زا، آتش افروز

n. a bomb designed to cause a fire

78
Q

salutary

  • Losing money in this way taught young Jones a salutary lesson.
  • a salutary reminder of the dangers of mountain climbing
A

salutary

adj. a salutary experience is unpleasant but teaches you something
salutary experience/lesson/reminder etc

سالم ومغذی، سلامت بخش سودمند، درودی

79
Q

replete

  • Literature is replete with tales of power.
  • After two helpings of dessert, Sergio was at last replete.
  • This car has an engine replete with the latest technology.
A

replete

adj. full of something
replete with

adj. very full of food or drink

کاملا پر، لبریز، چاق، تکمیل انباشته

80
Q

snobbish

  • Her family seems snobbish.
  • My brother is very snobbish about cars.
A

snobbish

adj. behaving in a way that shows you think you are better than other people because you are from a higher social class or know more than they do

پر افاده، مغرور

81
Q

seditious

  • She was arrested after making a speech that the government considered to be seditious.
A

seditious

adj. intending to persuade other people to oppose their government - فتنه جویانه، فتنه گر

sedition (n): speech, writing, or actions intended to encourage people to disobey a government
آشوب، فتنه، فاسد، شورش، اغتشاش، فتنه جویی

82
Q

expatriate

  • British expatriates living in Spain
  • A large community of expatriates has settled there.
  • We lived in a residential compound designed for expatriated Dutch workers and their families.
A

expatriate

n. someone who lives in a foreign country

از کشور خود راندن، تبعیدکردن، ترک کردن میهن تبعیدی ، مهاجر

83
Q

synopsis

  • a synopsis of the play
A

synopsis

n. a short description of the main events or ideas in a book, film etc SYN summary

خلاصه، مجمل، اجمال مختصر

84
Q

affirmative

  • an affirmative nod
A

affirmative

adj. an affirmative answer or action means ‘yes’ or shows agreement OPP negative

answer/reply in the affirmative: to say ‘yes’

answer/reply in the affirmativeformal to say ‘yes’

85
Q

emendation

  • Corrections and emendations might make a work better and more useful.
  • The articles posted on the website are open to emendation by registered users.
A

emendation

n. the act of correcting or improving a text, or a change made to correct or improve a text
اصلاح

emend (v): to remove the mistakes from something that has been written

86
Q

collective

  • a collective decision/effort
  • collective responsibility/leadership
  • a collective decision made by all board members
  • our collective responsibility for the environment
  • The industry is willing to work collectively to find a solution.
A

collective

adj. shared or made by every member of a group or society

به هم پیوسته، انبوه، اشتراکی، اجتماعی، جمعی

87
Q

synonymous

  • The words “annoyed” and “irritated” are more or less synonymous.
  • Nixon’s name has become synonymous with political scandal.
A

synonymous

adj. something that is synonymous with something else is considered to be very closely connected with it
synonymous with

adj. two words that are synonymous have the same meaning

هم معنی، مترادف، دارای ترادف، دارای تشابه

88
Q

modicum

  • There’s not even a modicum of truth in her statement.
  • Anyone with a modicum of common sense could have seen that the plan wouldn’t work.
A

modicum

n. a small amount of something good such as truth or honesty
مقدار کم، مقدار یا قسمت کوچک، اندک

a modicum of something: a small amount of something, especially a good quality

89
Q

retrenchment

  • In retrenchment, central government may seek to limit the total expenditure of all local governments for economic stabilization.
  • Experts see a major retrenchment coming from consumers.
A

retrenchment

n. the reduction of expenditures in order to become financially stable

retrench (v): if a government or organization retrenches, it spends less money SYN economize

قطع کردن، حذف کردن، کم کردن، دارای سنگر موقتی زیرزمینی کردن، از نو خندق ساختن، مستحکم کردن

90
Q

magnify

  • Although our skin looks smooth, when magnified it is full of bumps and holes.
  • The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community.
A

magnify

v. to make something look larger than it is, especially by looking at it through a lens
v. to make a problem bigger or more important:

91
Q

obligatory

  • It is obligatory for companies to provide details of their industrial processes.
  • She offered him the obligatory cup of tea.
  • The medical examination before you start work is obligatory.
  • The statute made it obligatory for all healthy males between 14 and 60 to work.
  • Several Secret Service agents surrounded the President, all wearing the obligatory raincoat and hat.
A

obligatory

adj. something that is obligatory must be done because of a law, rule etc SYN compulsory, mandatory
it is obligatory for somebody (to do something)

adj. used humorously to describe something that is always done or included in a particular situation / expected because it usually happens

الزامی، فرضی، واجب

92
Q

commensurate

  • a salary that is commensurate with skills and experience
A

commensurate

adj. matching something in size, quality, or length of time SYN proportionate
commensurate with
متناسب

93
Q

long-winded

  • His speeches tend to be rather long-winded.
  • The whole process is incredibly long-winded.
A

long-winded

adj. A long-winded speech, letter, article, etc. is too long, or uses too many words. SYN verbose, prolix
دراز نفس، پرچانه، پرگو

adj. if a way of doing something is long-winded, it is very complicated

94
Q

slippery

  • a slippery floor
  • The road was wet and slippery.
  • Martin is a slippery customer (=someone you should not trust) so be careful what you say to him.
  • the slippery notion of ‘standards’
A

slippery

adj. If something is slippery, it is wet or smooth so that it slides easily or causes something to slide
adj. Someone who is slippery cannot be trusted
adj. not having one clear meaning and able to be understood in different ways

لیز، لغزنده، بی ثبات، دشوار لغزان

95
Q

hefty

  • a hefty tome (=large thick book)
  • hefty camera equipment
  • a hefty fine
  • He aimed a hefty kick at the door.
A

hefty

adj. big and heavy
adj. a hefty amount of something, especially money, is very large
adj. a hefty blow, kick etc is done using a lot of force

قوی، سنگین

96
Q

forbidding

  • We sailed past the island’s rather dark and forbidding cliffs.
  • His face was forbidding, even hostile.
A

forbidding

adj. having a frightening or unfriendly appearance
forbidding place/land/landscape etc

زننده، نفرت انگیز، دافع ناخوانده، نامطبوع، ترسناک شوم، مهیب، عبوس، بدقیافه نهی کننده

97
Q

wide-ranging

  • a wide-ranging discussion
A

wide-ranging

adj. including a wide variety of subjects, things, or people
adj. wide-ranging proposals to improve the rail network

متنوع - گوناگون

98
Q

diligent

  • a diligent student
  • Leo is very diligent in/about his work.
  • Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.
A

diligent

adj. someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough

سخت کوش، کوشا، کوشنده، ساعی، پشت کار دار

99
Q

punctilious

  • Joe was always punctilious about repaying loans.
  • He was always punctilious in his manners.
A

punctilious

adj. very careful to behave correctly and follow rules
punctilious about

دقیق، نکته سنج، بسیار مبادی آداب

100
Q

engaging

  • an engaging smile
  • an engaging smile/manner/person
  • He has an engaging manner.
A

engaging

adj. pleasant and attracting your interest

سرگرم کننده، جالب توجه

GRE 2500 (7 decks)

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