Word List 06

Question 1

ramification

Answer 1

ramification

n. the possible results of an action:
- Have you considered all the ramifications of your suggestion?

n. branch
انشعاب، شاخه شاخگی

Question 2

immerse

Answer 2

immerse

v. to put someone or something deep into a liquid so that they are completely covered
immerse somebody/something in something
- Immerse your foot in ice-cold water to reduce the swelling.

immerse yourself in something: to become completely involved in an activity

فرو بردن، زیر اب کردن پوشاندن، غوطه دادن، غسل ارتماسی دادن (برای تعمید)

Question 3

demise

Answer 3

demise

n. the end of something that used to exist
demise of
- the imminent demise (=happening soon) of the local newspaper

n. death
- the mystery surrounding Elena’s untimely demise (=when death happens sooner than is normal or expected)

v. to rent or give property to someone for a particular number of years:
- If an apartment is rented under a written lease, it is referred to in the lease as the “demised premises”.

مردن، وفات یافتن، انتقال دادن

Question 4

compassionate

Answer 4

compassionate

adj. feeling or showing sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others, and wanting to help them:
- The public’s response to the crisis appeal was generous and compassionate.
- He was a wonderful listener and a deeply compassionate man.

ترحم کردن، دلسوز، غم خوار رحیم، شفیق، مهربان

Question 5

ignorant

Answer 5

ignorant

adj. not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something:
- Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics.
- We remained blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead.

adj. not polite or showing respect:
Ignorant lout!

نادان

Question 6

immortal

Answer 6

immortal

adj. living or lasting for ever: OPP mortal
- immortal God
- The priest said he was endangering his immortal soul.

adj. very special and famous and therefore likely to be remembered for a long time:
- In the immortal words of Samuel Goldwyn, “Include me out.”

ابدی، فنا ناپذیر، جاویدان، جاوید

Question 7

assuage

Answer 7

assuage

v. to make an unpleasant feeling less painful or severe SYN relieve
- Nothing could assuage his guilt.

آرام کردن، تخفیف دادن

Question 8

expiation

Answer 8

expiation

n. the act of showing that you are sorry for bad behaviour by doing something or accepting punishment:
- the expiation of a sin
- He would never find expiation for his guilt.

expiate (v): to show you are sorry for something you have done wrong by accepting your punishment willingly, or trying to do something to improve what you did (کفاره دادن، پاک کردن، جبران کردن)
- She expiated her crime by becoming a nun.

Question 9

loquacious

Answer 9

loquacious

adj. a loquacious person likes to talk a lot SYN talkative

پرگو، وراج، پرحرف

Question 10

marginal

Answer 10

marginal

adj. a marginal change or difference is too small to be important OPP significant
- a marginal increase in the unemployment figures
- a marginal improvement in profits

adj. marginal people or groups are not considered powerful or important OPP mainstream
- The album contains too many songs by marginal bands.

وابسته به حاشیه، کم حاشیه ای، مرزی

Question 11

adjuration

Answer 11

adjuration

n. Use the noun adjuration to describe the serious, whole-hearted way you begged your parents to let you have a puppy when you were little.

During your adjuration to get that puppy, did you say, “I swear I’ll feed it and walk it every day! I swear to clean up after it!”? If so, you were really in tune with the origin of adjuration, the Latin ad- or “to” and jurare, “swear” — in the sense of taking an oath of honesty. Adjuration involves both begging and promising.

تحلیف، سوگند، قسم، لابه التماس

Question 12

dreary

Answer 12

dreary

adj. dull and making you feel sad or bored
- the same dreary routine
- a dreary winter’s day

دلتنگ کننده، مایه افسردگی

Question 13

callous

Answer 13

callous

adj. not caring that other people are suffering
- We were shocked at the callous disregard for human life.
- a callous attitude
- the callous slaughter of seals

adj. unkind, cruel, and without sympathy or feeling for other people:
- It might sound callous, but I don’t care if he’s homeless. He’s not living with me!

سفت، پینه خورده، بی حس، بی عاطفه، سنگ دل، بی حس کردن، پینه زدن، پنبه ای

Question 14

discount

Answer 14

discount

n. a reduction in the usual price of something
- Members get a 15% discount.

v. to regard something as unlikely to be true or important
- Experts discounted the accuracy of the polls.
- General Hausken had not discounted the possibility of an aerial attack.

v. to reduce the price of something
- Games were discounted to as little as $5.

تخفیف، نزول، کاستن، تخفیف دادن، برات را نزول کردن

Question 15

ostentatious

Answer 15

ostentatious

adj. something that is ostentatious looks very expensive and is designed to make people think that its owner must be very rich
- She carried her car keys on an ostentatious gold key ring.
- an ostentatious display of wealth

adj. someone who is ostentatious likes to show everyone how rich they are
- He was vain and ostentatious.

متظاهر، خودنما، خودفروش

Question 16

thwart

Answer 16

thwart

v. to prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do
- Fierce opposition thwarted the government’s plans.
- thwarted ambition
- Our holiday plans were thwarted by the airline pilots’ strike.
- The city council thwarted his reform efforts.

بی نتیجه گذاردن، خنثی کردن حائل کردن، عقیم گذاردن مخالفت کردن با، انسداداریب کج، در سرتاسر (چیزی) ادامه دادن یا کشیدن

Question 17

distress

Answer 17

distress

n. a feeling of extreme unhappiness
- Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great distress.

v. to make someone feel very upset
- The dream had distressed her greatly.

پریشانی، اندوه، محنت، تنگدستی، درد، مضطرب کردن، محنت زده کردن

Question 18

raillery

Answer 18

raillery

n. friendly joking about someone
- affectionate raillery

شوخی، استهزا، سرزنش، انتقاد، توبیخ

Question 19

exasperate

Answer 19

exasperate

v. to make someone very annoyed by continuing to do something that upsets them
- It exasperates me to hear comments like that.

خشمگین کردن، ازجادربردن اوقات تلخی کردن کردن برانگیختن، بدتر کردن تشدیدکردن، خشمگین

Question 20

feckless

Answer 20

feckless

adj. lacking determination, and not achieving anything in your life
- Alice’s feckless younger brother
- He was portrayed as a feckless drunk.

بی اثر، سست

Question 21

stigma

Answer 21

stigma

n. a strong feeling in society that being in a particular situation or having a particular illness is something to be ashamed of
the stigma of alcoholism/mental illness etc
- The stigma of alcoholism makes it difficult to treat.
- There is a social stigma attached to single parenthood.
- In the US, smoking carries a stigma.

کلاله، داغ، داغ ننگ، لکه ننگ، برآمدگی، خال

Question 22

attenuate

Answer 22

attenuate

v. to make something less or weaker:
- Radiation from the sun is attenuated by the earth’s atmosphere.
- They propose more peacekeeping troops to attenuate the violence.

v. to make something longer and thinner:
- The artist has attenuated the limbs.

رقیق کردن، نازک کردن، لاغرکردن، سبک کردن، تقلیل دادن دقیق شدن، ضعیف شدن نازک، رقیق

Question 23

enigmatic

Answer 23

enigmatic

adj. mysterious and difficult to understand
enigmatic smile/expression etc
- The Mona Lisa has a famously enigmatic smile.
- He left an enigmatic message on my answering machine.

معمایی، مبهم

Question 24

condemn

Answer 24

condemn

v. to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons:
- The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.
- The film was condemned for its sexism.

v. to severely punish someone who has committed a crime, or to force someone to suffer:
- Those who remember the past are not condemned to repeat it.
- Illness condemned her to spend her remaining days in a home.

محکوم کردن، محکوم شدن

condemnation (n) محکومیت

Question 25

impugn

Answer 25

impugn

v. to express doubts about someone’s honesty, courage, ability etc
- I did not mean to impugn her professional abilities.

v. to cause people to doubt someone’s character, qualities, or reputation by criticizing them:
- Are you impugning my competence as a professional designer?

رد کردن، اعتراض کردن (به)، تکذیب کردن، عیب جویی کردن، مورد اعتراض قرار دادن

Question 26

elaborate

Answer 26

elaborate

adj. having a lot of small parts or details put together in a complicated way SYN intricate
- pure silks embroidered with elaborate patterns

adj. carefully planned and organized in great detail SYN complex
- a very elaborate telecommunications network

v. to give more details or new information about something SYN enlarge
- He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further.
elaborate on
- McDonald refused to elaborate on his reasons for resigning.

استادانه درست شده، به زحمت درست شده، به زحمت ساختن، دارای جزئیات، با دقت شرح دادن

Question 27

pejorative

Answer 27

pejorative

adj. a word or expression that is pejorative is used to show disapproval or to insult someone
- For hard-line Republicans, the word ‘liberal’ had become a pejorative term.
- Make sure students realize that “fat” is a pejorative word.
- It comes as quite a shock to still hear a judge describing a child as “illegitimate”, with all the pejorative overtones of that word.

تنزل دهنده، تحقیر آمیز، واژه تحقیری

Question 28

blithe

Answer 28

blithe

adj. seeming not to care or worry about the effects of what you do
- a blithe disregard for the facts

adj. literary happy and having no worries
- She shows a blithe disregard for danger.

مهربان، خوش قلب، خوش، آدم شوخ و مهربان، مهربانی، دوستانه، نرم و ملایم، شوخ، شاد دل

Question 29

refute

Answer 29

refute

v. to prove that a statement or idea is not correct SYN rebut
refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea etc
- an attempt to refute Darwin’s theories

v. to say that a statement is wrong or unfair SYN deny
refute an allegation/a suggestion etc
- She refuted any allegations of malpractice.

رد کردن، تکذیب کردن، اشتباه کسی را اثبات کردن

Question 30

vacuous

Answer 30

vacuous

adj. showing no intelligence or having no useful purpose
- a vacuous expression
- a vacuous romantic novel
- a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile

تهی، خالی، بی مفهوم، پوچ کم عقل، بیمعنی

Question 31

enervate

Answer 31

enervate

v. to make you feel tired and weak
- The hot sun enervated her to the point of collapse.

سست کردن، بی رگ کردن، بی حال کردن، جسما ضعیف کردن، ناتوان کردن بی اثر کردن

Question 32

honorific

Answer 32

honorific

adj. showing or giving honour or respect:
an honorific title

تجلیلی، افتخار آمیز، عنوان تجلیلی

Question 33

disprove

Answer 33

disprove

v. to show that something is wrong or not true OPP prove
- These figures disproved Smith’s argument.
- The allegations have been disproved.

رد کردن، اثبات کذب چیزی را کردن

Question 34

extinguish

Answer 34

extinguish

v. to make a fire or light stop burning or shining SYN put out
- Please extinguish all cigarettes.
- Firemen were called to extinguish the blaze.
- It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.
- to extinguish a cigarette

v. to make an idea or feeling stop
- All hope was almost extinguished.

خاموش کردن، خفه کردن فرونشاندن، کشتن، منقرض کردن

Question 35

excoriate

Answer 35

excoriate

v. to express a very bad opinion of a book, play etc
- an excoriating review in ‘The Times’

v. to write or say that a play, book, political action, etc. is very bad:
- His latest novel received excoriating reviews.
- The president excoriated the Western press for their biased views.

به شدت انتقاد کردن

Question 36

immutable

Answer 36

immutable

adj. never changing or impossible to change
- This decision should not be seen as immutable.
- an immutable law
- Some people regard grammar as an immutable set of rules.

تغییر ناپذیر، پا بر جا

Question 37

hypercritical

Answer 37

hypercritical

adj. too eager to criticize other people and things, especially about small details
adj. extremely critical (= too eager to find mistakes in everything)

مفرط در انتقاد

Question 38

momentous

Answer 38

momentous

adj. very important because of effects on future events:
- the momentous news of the president’s death
- Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family.
OPP trivial
مهم، خطیر، واجب، با اهمیت

Question 39

esteem

Answer 39

esteem

n. a feeling of respect for someone, or a good opinion of someone
hold somebody in high/great esteem
- The critics held him in high esteem as an actor.
token/mark of somebody’s esteem (=a sign of their respect)
- Please accept the small gift we enclose as a mark of our esteem.
esteem for
- my father’s complete lack of esteem for actors

v. to respect and admire someone or something
- Peden was greatly esteemed by the people of Ayrshire.
- He was esteemed as a literary wit.

قدر، اعتبار، اقدام، رعایت ارزش، نظر، شهرت، ارجمند شمردن، لایق دانستن، محترم شمردم

Question 40

traumatic

Answer 40

traumatic

adj. a traumatic experience is so shocking and upsetting that it affects you for a long time
- His son’s death was the most traumatic event in Stan’s life.

adj. causing severe and lasting emotional shock and pain:
Some of the most disturbed children had witnessed really traumatic things, such as rape and murder.

وابسته به روان زخم، زخمی جراحتی، ضربه ای

Question 41

secretive

Answer 41

secretive

adj. People who are secretive hide their feelings, thoughts, intentions, and actions from other people:
- He’s being very secretive about his new girlfriend.

adj. a secretive person or organization likes to keep their thoughts, intentions, or actions hidden from others OPP open
- The government has been accused of being secretive and undemocratic.
secretive about
- Carla was always very secretive about her work.

سری، پنهان کار، مرموز

Question 42

delegate

Answer 42

delegate

n. someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group → representative
- Around 350 delegates attended the conference.

v. to give part of your power or work to someone in a lower position than you
- A good manager knows when to delegate.
- It takes experience to judge correctly how much power should be delegated.
delegate something to somebody
- Minor tasks should be delegated to your assistant.

نمایندگی دادن، وکالت دادن، محول کردن به، نماینده

Question 43

abeyance

Answer 43

abeyance

n. a state of not happening or being used at present:
- Hostilities between the two groups have been in abeyance since last June.
- The project is being held in abeyance until agreement is reached on funding it.

بی تکلیفی، وقفه، تعلیق

Question 44

blatant

Answer 44

blatant

adj. very obvious and intentional, when this is a bad thing:
- a blatant lie
- The whole episode was a blatant attempt to gain publicity.

adj. (of an action) obvious or intentional, and done without worry about what others think:
- His behavior showed a blatant lack of respect.

پرسروصدا، شلوغ کننده خودنما، خشن، رسوا

Question 45

flamboyant

Answer 45

flamboyant

adj. behaving in a confident or exciting way that makes people notice you
flamboyant style/character/personality
- his flamboyant style of play
- He lifted his arms in a flamboyant gesture.

adj. brightly coloured and easily noticed
- flamboyant clothes
- She has red hair and a rather flamboyant appearance.

شعله دار، زرق و برق دار، وابسته به مکتب، معماری گوتیگ، شعله مانند

Question 46

lucid

Answer 46

lucid

adj. expressed in a way that is clear and easy to understand
- You must write in a clear and lucid style.

adj. able to understand and think clearly, used especially about someone who is not always able to do this
- In her more lucid moments the old lady would talk about her past.

شفاف، روشن، واضح، درخشان، زلال، براق، سالم

Question 47

opaque

Answer 47

opaque

adj. opaque glass or liquid is difficult to see through and often thick OPP transparent
- a shower with an opaque glass door

adj. difficult to understand SYN obscure
- an opaque style of writing

مات، غیر شفاف، مبهم، کدر شیشه یا رنگ مات

Question 48

alarmism

Answer 48

alarmism

n. the often unwarranted exciting of fears or warning of danger
n. needless warnings

هراس افرینی، آشوب طلبی

Question 49

divisive

Answer 49

divisive

adj. causing a lot of disagreement between people
- The strike was a divisive issue in the community.
socially/economically/politically etc divisive
- socially divisive policies
- The Vietnam war was an extremely divisive issue in the US

تفرقه انداز، تقسیم کننده

Question 50

torpor

Answer 50

torpor

n. a state of being not active because you are lazy or sleepy
- She tried to rouse him from the torpor into which he had sunk.

n. the state of not being active and having no energy or enthusiasm
n. the state of reduced activity that some animals experience during the winter

بی حال، خدر

Question 51

indolent

Answer 51

indolent

adj. lazy

adj. showing no real interest or effort:
- an indolent wave of the hand
- an indolent reply

سست، تنبل

Question 52

compulsory

Answer 52

compulsory

adj. If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law:
- Swimming was compulsory at my school.
- The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory.

compulsory schooling/education

• 11 years of compulsory education
• Car insurance is compulsory.

اجباری، قهری

Question 53

revelation

Answer 53

revelation

n. a surprising fact about someone or something that was previously secret and is now made known
revelation about/concerning
- He resigned after revelations about his affair.
- startling revelations about his background
revelation that
- revelations that two senior officers had lied in court

• a moment of revelation
• His wife divorced him after the revelation that he was having an affair.
• Shocking revelations about their private life appeared in the papers.

n. the act of suddenly making known a surprising fact that had previously been secret
revelation of
- the revelation of previously unknown facts

فاش سازی، آشکار سازی افشاء، وحی، الهام

Question 54

contingency

Answer 54

contingency

n. something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems or making further arrangements necessary:
- You must be able to deal with all possible contingencies.
- Have you made any contingency plans?
- a contingency plan
- Add up your outgoings, putting on a bit more for contingencies.

احتمال، احتمال وقوع، چیزی که در آینده ممکن است رخ دهد، تصافی، محتمل الوقوع

Question 55

prolific

Answer 55

prolific

adj. producing a great number or amount of something:
- He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation.
- Rabbits and other rodents are prolific (= have a lot of babies).

adj. a prolific artist, writer etc produces many works of art, books etc
- Handel’s prolific output of opera

adj. a prolific sports player produces a lot of runs, goals etc
- the most prolific goalscorer this decade

پرزا، حاصلخیز، بارور نیرومند، پرکار، فراوان

Question 56

alacrity

Answer 56

alacrity

n. quickness and eagerness
with alacrity
- She accepted with alacrity.
- She accepted the money with alacrity.

چابکی، نشاط

Question 57

transcend

Answer 57

transcend

v. to go beyond the usual limits of something
- The desire for peace transcended political differences.

v. to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit:
- The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.
- The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else.

ورارفتن، برتری یافتن، سبقت جستن، بالاتر بودن

Question 58

resonate

Answer 58

resonate

v. if something such as an event or a message resonates, it seems important or good to people, or continues to do this
resonate with
- an idea that resonates with many voters

v. to make a deep loud clear sound that continues for a long time → resound
- The music resonated through the streets.

v. to make a sound that is produced as a reaction to another sound

تشدید کردن، پیچیدن، طنین انداختن

Question 59

uncharacteristic

Answer 59

uncharacteristic

adj. not typical of someone or something and therefore surprising
uncharacteristic of
- It’s uncharacteristic of her to be late.

غیرنوعی غیرمعمولی

Question 60

impetuous

Answer 60

impetuous

adj. tending to do things very quickly, without thinking carefully first, or showing this quality SYN impulsive
- He was high-spirited and impetuous.
- She might live to regret this impetuous decision.

بی پروا، تند و شدید

Question 61

disparate

Answer 61

disparate

adj. consisting of things or people that are very different and not related to each other
- a meeting covering many disparate subjects
- the difficulties of dealing with disparate groups of people
- The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other.

ناجور، مختلف، نا برابر نامساوی، غیرمتجانس

Question 62

respite

Answer 62

respite

n. a short time when something bad stops happening, so that the situation is temporarily better
respite from
- The trip was a welcome respite from the pressures of work.
- a brief respite from persecution
without respite
- The pain went on without respite.

n. a short period of time before you have to do something that you do not like
- We have a few days’ respite before we have to pay them.

مهلت، فرجه، امان، استراحت، تمدید مدت، رخصت، فرجه دادن

Question 63

rankle

Answer 63

rankle

v. to make someone annoyed or angry for a long time:
- The unkind way in which his girlfriend left him still rankled with him long after.
- [ + that ] It still rankles that she got promoted, and I didn’t.

چرک نشستن، چرک جمع کردن، جان گدازبودن جانسوزبودن، عذاب دادن

Question 64

acquiesce

Answer 64

acquiesce

v. to accept or agree to something, often unwillingly:
- Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans.

v. to do what someone else wants, or allow something to happen, even though you do not really agree with it
acquiesce in/to
- Oil companies have been accused of acquiescing in the pollution of the ocean.

تسلیم شدن، تن در دادن راضی شدن، رضایت دادن موافقت کردن، آرام کردن

Question 65

remedy

Answer 65

remedy

n. a way of dealing with a problem or making a bad situation better SYN solution
- The problems in our schools do not have a simple remedy.
remedy for
- The program is one remedy for discrimination.

n. a medicine to cure an illness or pain that is not very serious SYN cure
cold/cough remedy
-   a remedy for colds
herbal/natural remedy  
- a natural remedy that helps insomnia

v. to deal with a problem or improve a bad situation SYN put right
- To remedy the situation, the water must be chemically treated.

beyond/without remedy:
if a situation is beyond remedy, nothing can be done to make it better
- She felt as if her marital problems were beyond remedy.

گزیر، علاج، دارو، درمان میزان، چاره، اصلاح کردن جبران کردن، درمان کردن

Question 66

congruous

Answer 66

congruous

adj. the same as, or in agreement with, other facts or principles:
- His conclusion is congruous with one previously drawn by Mayer.

موافق، سازگار، درخور درست تلافی کننده یاجفت شونده

Question 67

gadfly

Answer 67

gadfly

n. someone who is always annoying or criticizing other people:
- They have been accused of being a party of cranks and political gadflies.

n. a fly that bites cattle and horses

خر مگس، آدم مردم ازار مزاحم

Question 68

shrink

Answer 68

shrink

v. to become smaller, or to make something smaller, through the effects of heat or water
- I’m worried about washing that shirt in case it shrinks.

v. to become or to make something smaller in amount, size, or value OPP grow
- The city continued to shrink.
shrink to
- The firm’s staff had shrunk to only four people.
- Treatment can shrink a tumour.
- We want to expand the business, not shrink it.

v. to move back and away from something, especially because you are frightened
- She listened, shrinking under the blankets, to their shouts.

چروک شدن، جمع شدن، کوچک شدن، عقب کشیدن، اب رفتن (پارچه)، شانه خالی کردن از

Question 69

overwrought

Answer 69

overwrought

adj. very upset, nervous, and worried
- Clara was tired and overwrought after all the problems of the last few days.
- She was so tired and overwrought that she burst into tears.
- He was in an overwrought state/condition for weeks after the accident.

پر کار، کار برده، تهیه شده ازروی مهارت، عصبی

Question 70

purposeful

Answer 70

purposeful

adj. having a clear aim or purpose SYN determined OPP purposeless
- a purposeful and consistent foreign policy
- a purposeful movement

بامقصود

Question 71

prognosis

Answer 71

prognosis

n. a doctor’s opinion of how an illness or disease will develop → diagnosis
good/poor prognosis
- Doctors said Blake’s long-term prognosis is good.

n. a judgment about the future, based on information or experience
prognosis of
- a hopeful prognosis of the country’s future development

پیش بینی مرض، بهبودی ازمرض در اثر پیش بینی جریان مرض، پیش بینی مال اندیشی

Question 72

malleable

Answer 72

malleable

adj. something that is malleable is easy to press or pull into a new shape
- malleable steel

adj. someone who is malleable can be easily influenced or changed by other people
- a malleable child

چکش خور، نرم و قابل انعطاف

Question 73

forgo

Answer 73

forgo

v. to not do or have something pleasant or enjoyable SYN go without
- I had to forgo lunch.
- I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week.

چشم پوشیدن از، صرفنظرکردن از، رها کردن

Question 74

encumber

Answer 74

encumber

v. to make it difficult for you to do something or for something to happen SYN burden
- He died in 1874, heavily encumbered by debt.
be encumbered with something
- The whole process was encumbered with bureaucracy.

سنگین کردن، اسباب زحمت شدن، دست و پای (کسی را) گرفتن، باز داشتن

Question 75

barbarity

Answer 75

barbarity

n. a very cruel act
- the medieval barbarity of putting people in prison for debt
- This barbarity must cease!
- The dictatorship has been responsible for countless barbarities.

وحشیگری، بی رحمی، قساوت قلب

Question 76

sanctimonious

Answer 76

sanctimonious

adj. behaving as if you are morally better than other people, in a way that is annoying – used to show disapproval SYN self-righteous
- sanctimonious politicians preaching about family values

adj. acting as if morally better than others:
- sanctimonious religious leaders preaching about morality

مقدس نما، مقدس

Question 77

repugnant

Answer 77

repugnant

adj. very unpleasant and offensive SYN repellent
deeply/utterly/wholly etc repugnant
- I find his political ideas totally repugnant.
repugnant to
- Animal experiments are morally repugnant to many people.
- a repugnant smell
- I find your attitude towards these women quite repugnant.
- The idea of cheating in an exam is morally repugnant to me.

متناقض، مخالف، تنفرانگیز زننده

Question 78

pseudonym

Answer 78

pseudonym

n. an invented name that a writer, artist etc uses instead of their real name SYN nom de plume
under a pseudonym
- He wrote under the pseudonym ‘Silchester’.

n. a name someone uses instead of their real name, especially on a written work:
- She writes under a pseudonym.
- George Orwell was a pseudonym - his real name was Eric Blair.

اسم مستعار، تخلص

Question 79

explicit

Answer 79

explicit

adj. expressed in a way that is very clear and direct → implicit
- The contrast could not have been made more explicit.
- explicit knowledge of grammar
explicit about
- He made the rules without being explicit about them.

adj. language or pictures that are explicit describe or show sex or violence very clearly
- The film contains some very explicit love scenes.
- sexually explicit language

صریح، روشن، واضح، آشکار، صاف، ساده

Question 80

inexorable

Answer 80

inexorable

adj. an inexorable process cannot be stopped SYN unstoppable
- the inexorable decline of Britain’s manufacturing industry
- the seemingly inexorable rise in crime
- the inexorable progress of science

نرم نشدنی، سخت، سنگدل، بی شفقت، تسلیم نشدنی

Question 81

dissemble

Answer 81

dissemble

v. to hide your true feelings, thoughts etc

v. to hide your real intentions and feelings or the facts:
- He accused the government of dissembling.

تلبیس کردن، تدلیس کردن پنهان کردن، وانمود کردن بهانه کردن، نادیده گرفتن

Question 82

scintillating

Answer 82

scintillating

adj. interesting, clever, and amusing
- scintillating conversation
- a scintillating performance
- scintillating wit/repartee/conversation
- a scintillating personality/speech

(=scintillant ,sparkling) جرقه زننده، بارقه دار

Question 83

luminary

Answer 83

luminary

n. someone who is very famous or highly respected for their skill at doing something or their knowledge of a particular subject
- luminaries of Parisian society

n. a person who is famous and important in a particular area of activity:
Luminaries of stage and screen (= famous actors) assembled for last night’s awards ceremony.

جسم روشن، جرم آسمانی جرم نورافکن آسمانی، آدم نورانی، پر فروغ شخصیت تابناک

Question 84

empower

Answer 84

empower

v. to give someone more control over their own life or situation
- The Voting Rights Act was needed to empower minority groups.

v. to give a person or organization the legal right to do something
be empowered to do something
- The president is empowered to appoint judges to the Supreme Court.

صاحب اختیار و قدرت کردن قدرت دادن، اختیار دادن وکالت دادن

empowerment (n):
- Company programs encourage worker empowerment.

Question 85

deference

Answer 85

deference

n. polite behaviour that shows that you respect someone and are therefore willing to accept their opinions or judgment
deference to
- Lewis was annoyed that Adam did not show enough respect and deference to him.

out of/in deference to something (=because you respect someone’s beliefs, opinions etc)
- They were married in church out of deference to their parents’ wishes.

n. respect and politeness:
- He treats her with such deference.
- She covered her head out of/in deference to (= because of a polite respect for) Muslim custom.

تن دردهی، تسلیم، تمکین، احترام (گذاری)

Question 86

lugubrious

Answer 86

lugubrious

adj. very sad and serious – sometimes used humorously SYN melancholy, morose
- his lugubrious tear-stained face

adj. sad and serious:
a lugubrious face

محزون (به طور اغراق آمیز یا مضحک)، اندوهگین، غم انگیز، حزن انگیز، تعزیت آمیز

Question 87

denounce

Answer 87

denounce

v. to express strong disapproval of someone or something, especially in public → denunciation
- Amnesty International denounced the failure by the authorities to take action.
denounce somebody/something as something
- He denounced the election as a farce.

v. to give information to the police or another authority about someone’s illegal political activities
denounce somebody to somebody
- She denounced him to the police.

v. to criticize something or someone strongly and publicly:
- The government’s economic policy has been denounced on all sides.
- We must denounce injustice and oppression.

علیه کسی اظهاری کردن کسی یا چیزی را ننگین کردن تقبیح کردن

Question 88

parochial

Answer 88

parochial

adj. only interested in things that affect your local area – used to show disapproval
- Local newspapers tend to be very parochial.

adj. relating to a particular church and the area around it
- the parochial church council

بلوکی، بخشی، ناحیه ای محدود، کوته نظر

Question 89

lament

Answer 89

lament

v. to express feelings of great sadness about something
- The nation lamented the death of its great war leader.

v. to express annoyance or disappointment about something you think is unsatisfactory or unfair
lament that
- He lamented that people had expected too much of him too soon.
- She lamented the fact that manufacturers did not produce small packs for single-person households.
lament the lack/absence/decline etc of something
- Steiner lamented the lack of public interest in the issue.

n. a song, piece of music, or something that you say, that expresses a feeling of sadness
- A lone piper played a lament.
lament for
- a lament for the dead

تاسف خوردن، زاریدن سوگواری کردن، سوگواری ضجه و زاری کردن

Question 90

primitive

Answer 90

primitive

adj. belonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines OPP advanced, modern
- a primitive society
- a primitive nomadic tribe

adj. something that is primitive is very simple and does not have the extra modern parts that would make it faster, better, more comfortable etc OPP advanced, modern
- The first station buildings were quite primitive.
- The local hospital care is primitive and unreliable.

adj. a primitive animal or plant has a simple structure or body
- primitive life-forms that live deep in the ocean
- a primitive single-celled creature

adj. primitive feelings are not based on reason, and seem to come from a part of people’s character that is ancient and animal-like
- the primitive instinct of survival

n. an artist who paints simple pictures like those of a child

پیشین، قدیم، بدوی، انسان اولیه، اولیه، اصلی

Question 91

hamper

Answer 91

hamper

v. to make it difficult for someone to do something
- She tried to run, but was hampered by her heavy suitcase.
- An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather.

n. a basket with a lid, which is used for carrying food or sending it to someone as a present
- a picnic hamper
- They sent us a lovely Christmas hamper.

n. a large basket that you put dirty clothes in until they can be washed SYN laundry basket

از کار بازداشتن، مانع شدن مختل کردن، قید

Question 92

distill

Answer 92

distill

v. to make a liquid such as water or alcohol more pure by heating it so that it becomes a gas and then letting it cool. Drinks such as whisky are made this way
- distilled water

v. to remove a chemical substance from a plant, for example by heating or pressing it

v, to get the main ideas or facts from a much larger amount of information
distill something into something
- The notes I had brought back were waiting to be distilled into a book.

تقطیرشدن، عرق گرفتن از، چکاندن

Question 93

imitate

Answer 93

imitate

v. to copy the way someone behaves, speaks, moves etc, especially in order to make people laugh
- She was a splendid mimic and loved to imitate Winston Churchill.

v. to copy something because you think it is good
- vegetarian products which imitate meat
- The Japanese have no wish to imitate Western social customs and attitudes.

نوای کسی را در آوردن، تقلیدکردن، پیروی کردن کپیه کردن

Question 94

encyclopedic

Answer 94

encyclopedic

adj. having a lot of knowledge or information about a particular subject
- an encyclopedic knowledge of medieval literature

جامع، دایره المعارفی

Question 95

euphemism

Answer 95

euphemism

n. a polite word or expression that you use instead of a more direct one to avoid shocking or upsetting someone
- ‘Pass away’ is a euphemism for ‘die’.
- “Senior citizen” is a euphemism for “old person”.
- The article made so much use of euphemism that often its meaning was unclear.

حسن تعبیر، استعمال کلمه ء نیکو و مطلوبی برای موضوع یا کلمه ء نامطلوبی

Question 96

nondescript

Answer 96

nondescript

adj. someone or something that is nondescript looks very ordinary and is not at all interesting or unusual
- a rather nondescript suburban house

غیرقابل طبقه بندی، وصف ناپذیر، نامعین

Question 97

adverse

Answer 97

adverse

adj. not good or favourable
- They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.
- Miller’s campaign has received a good deal of adverse publicity.

مخالف، مغایر، ناسازگار مضر، روبرو

Question 98

enduring

Answer 98

enduring

adj. continuing for a very long time
- the enduring appeal of Shakespeare’s plays
- enduring hatred

adj. existing for a long time:
- the enduring appeal of cartoons
- I shall be left with many enduring memories of the time I spent in India.

بادوام

Question 99

enliven

Answer 99

enliven

v. to make something more interesting SYN liven up
- Humour can help enliven a dull subject.

v. to make something more interesting:
- The game was much enlivened when both teams scored within five minutes of each other.

زندگی بخشیدن، حیات بخشیدن، جان دادن، نیرو دادن، روح بخشیدن، روح دادن