Word Associations Flashcards
dorsal striatum
binge / intoxication area of brain
habit
nucleus accumbens
binge / intoxication area of brain
REINFORCEMENT
ventral striatum
core of NA, pleasure
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
binge / intoxication area of brain
DOPAMINE
REWARD
substantia nigra
hippocampus
preoccupation / anticipation area of brain
with amygdala = LEARNING/MEMORY with emotional context (ex. cravings occur based on specific memory and conditioned withdrawal)
anterior cingulate cortex
preoccupation / anticipation area of brain
prefrontal cortex
preoccupation / anticipation area of brain: ACC & hippocampus
last part of brain to develop in youth
amygdala
withdrawal area of brain
with hippocampus = LEARNING/MEMORY with emotional context (ex. cravings occur based on specific memory and conditioned withdrawal)
basal/bed nucleus of stria terminalis
withdrawal area of brain
what specific type of endocarditis is highly associated with IVDU
tricuspid valve endocarditis (right sided heart endocarditis)
flumazenil
TREATMENT for BZD OD, reverses BZD sedation
contraindicated if other substances because likely to INDUCE SEIZURE
INHIBITS GABA-A ligand gated chloride ion channel
phenelzine
MAOI - when in combo with any serotonin med - serotonin syndrome
funky chicken / tweaking
chronic methamphetamine use leads to choreiform / parkinsonian movements
z drugs
BZD-like effects, not detectable in UDS
zolpidem, zopiclone, zolepon
schedule V
confabulation
seen in KORSAKOFF syndrome
confabulations can be spontaneous or provoked
anabolic steroids –> cancer
benign hepatic neoplasm formation –> hepatocellular cancer
can provide B1/B6/B12/linoleic acid/nicotinamide to help prevent
cocaine in pregnancy
baby: placental abruption, neonatal intracranial bleeds, low birthweight, prematurity, low head circumference
mother: HTN emergency, seizure, migraine
nystagmus
PCP - NMDA receptor antagonist
rotary nystagmus is pathognomonic to PCP
conjunctival injection
THC
tx for AUD in decompensated cirrhosis
acamprosate
increase in delta FosB
EtOH withdrawal
hyperthermia causing death
in amphetamine (ex. phentermine) overdose
naloxone challenge
0.1mg (30min) 0.2mg (30min) 0.4mg
if no AEs, ok to administer naltrexone
labs that indicate anabolic steroid use
ELEVATION: Hgb/Hct, LDL
LOW: sperm count, HDL, LH, sex hormone
MPTP
substance made accidentally when trying to produce merperidine
leads to EXTREME RIGID MVMT/parkinsonian to paralysis “can’t move” toxicity seen in ER setting, may mention chemistry graduate student that does recreational drugs
hypersexual
cathinone intoxication
bruxism, jaw clenching, restless legs
ectasy (MDMA)
hep C renal disease
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis w/ or w/o mixed cryoglobulinemia (normal C3, elevated C4)
dx include hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria
mitragynine
kratom, partial mu agonist, antagonist at delta and kappa opioid receptor
repetitive movements
seen in amphetamine intoxication (tx with bzd)
suddenly awakens to baseline even if intubated
GHB toxicity
specific type of kidney injury in inhalant toxicity
renal tubular acidosis, hypokalemia
exogenous pigments, hands and face
inhalation of volatile hydrocarbons
insula
part of brain that helps identify hunger/thirst/hot/cold stimuli and have emotional response
OFC
REWARD processing area of brain that brings meaning to specific action (ex. video game accomplishment = accomplishment on anything/test)
false positive THC screen by…
pantoprazole (PPI)
hematuria
ketamine cystitis
DSM Criteria for UD
C cut down, unsuccessful
H hazardous use
E excessive use
W withdrawal
T time increased using/recovering, finding
H health effects
A activities changed
T tolerance
C cravings
O obligations lost to drug
P personal problems/family
2-3 mild, 4-5 mod, >6 severe
specific marker for recent ETOH use
CDT - carbohydrate deficient tranferrin
enteroceptive
mood states that precipitate substance use
with exteroceptive = cues and priming
exteroceptive
environment to senses (smelling/seeing substance)
with enteroceptive = cues and priming
