Pharmacology

Question 1

1) THC metabolism
2) drugs that increase THC effect

Answer 1

1) CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2C9
2) fluoxetine, ketoconazole

Question 2

BZD mechanism of action

Answer 2

facilitates inhibition at GABA-A receptors

Question 3

CYP2D6 plays a role in what opiate/opioid metabolism?

Answer 3

1) codeine –> morphine
2) hydrocodone –> hydromorphone
3) oxycodone –>oxymorphone
4) noroxycodone –> noroxymorphone

Question 4

Ketamine mechanisms of action

Answer 4

mainly non-competitive antagonist at NMDA glutamate receptor

also
- antagonist at muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- block sodium and potassium channels
- activate high-affinity D2 dopamine receptors and L-type voltage gated calcium channels
- facilitate GABA inhibition

ultimately INCREASE DOPAMINE, NE, and SEROTONIN in brain

Question 5

buspirone MOA

Answer 5

partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1a

Question 6

disulfiram

Answer 6

1) blocks dopamine beta hydroxylase in brain
2) irreversibly binds/blocks alcetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 7

pregabalin

Answer 7

calcium channel antagonist

Question 8

1) baclofen
2) carisoprodol

Answer 8

1) GABA-B agonist
2) GABA-A activity (like BZD)

Question 9

acamprosate

Answer 9

antagonist of glutaminergic activity at NMDA receptros

Question 10

naltrexone

Answer 10

mu opioid receptor antagonist

Question 11

MAOI inhibitor

Answer 11

selegine

Question 12

bupropion

Answer 12

block uptake of NE and dopamine, some action on nicotinic and serotonergic receptors

Question 13

SSRI

Answer 13

block serotonin reuptake (5-HT)

Question 14

mirtazapine

Answer 14

antagonism at H1 and alpha -1 receptors

Question 15

phencyclidine

Answer 15

1A) noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist;
1B) (ant at NMDA glutamate receptor)
2) also inhibits reuptake of dopamine, NE, and 5-HT

Question 16

Dissociatives MOA:
PCP, ketamine, detromethorphan (DXM)

Answer 16

noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist
(dissociatives, subclass of hallucinogens)

Question 17

Cocaine (A) and Amphetamine (B) MOA

Answer 17

1A) Cocaine: DOPAMINE transporter reuptake inhibitor
1B) amphetamine: DOPAMINE stimulation
2) increase circulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and nuropeptide Y (NPY) throughout brain regions affecting entire addiction pathway

Question 18

barbituates (ex phenobarbital)

Answer 18

1) enhance inhibitory control of GABA-A (like bzd, except bzds increase freq of calcium channel opening, and barbs increase duration of ca channel opening)
2) decrease glutamate excitation by decreasing ampa and kainate activity

Question 19

MDMA
onset
peak
1/2 life
time to 95% clearance

Answer 19

MDMA onset 20m - 1h, peak 2h, 1/2 life 8 hours, 40h and 5 1/2 lives to 95% clearance

Question 20

haloperidol

Answer 20

dopamine D2 antagonist antipsychotic
helpful in etoh psychosis

Question 21

EtOH MOA

Answer 21

1) GABAa receptor up
2) inhibit NMDA glutamate receptor function

Question 22

nicotine MOA

Answer 22

agonist at nicotine acetylcholine receptors

Question 23

cannabinoids MOA

Answer 23

agonist at CB1 (brain) and CB2 (immune) cannabinoid receptors

Question 24

opioid MOA

Answer 24

agonism at mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors

Question 25

A) hallucinogens MOA: LSD, MDMA, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT
B) hallucinogen outlier salvia MOA

Answer 25

A) partial agonist at 5-HT3, 5-HT2 serotonin receptors