Pharmacology Flashcards
1) THC metabolism
2) drugs that increase THC effect
1) CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2C9
2) fluoxetine, ketoconazole
BZD mechanism of action
facilitates inhibition at GABA-A receptors
CYP2D6 plays a role in what opiate/opioid metabolism?
1) codeine –> morphine
2) hydrocodone –> hydromorphone
3) oxycodone –>oxymorphone
4) noroxycodone –> noroxymorphone
Ketamine mechanisms of action
mainly non-competitive antagonist at NMDA glutamate receptor
also
- antagonist at muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- block sodium and potassium channels
- activate high-affinity D2 dopamine receptors and L-type voltage gated calcium channels
- facilitate GABA inhibition
ultimately INCREASE DOPAMINE, NE, and SEROTONIN in brain
buspirone MOA
partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1a
disulfiram
1) blocks dopamine beta hydroxylase in brain
2) irreversibly binds/blocks alcetaldehyde dehydrogenase
pregabalin
calcium channel antagonist
1) baclofen
2) carisoprodol
1) GABA-B agonist
2) GABA-A activity (like BZD)
acamprosate
antagonist of glutaminergic activity at NMDA receptros
naltrexone
mu opioid receptor antagonist
MAOI inhibitor
selegine
bupropion
block uptake of NE and dopamine, some action on nicotinic and serotonergic receptors
SSRI
block serotonin reuptake (5-HT)
mirtazapine
antagonism at H1 and alpha -1 receptors
phencyclidine
1A) noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist;
1B) (ant at NMDA glutamate receptor)
2) also inhibits reuptake of dopamine, NE, and 5-HT
Dissociatives MOA:
PCP, ketamine, detromethorphan (DXM)
noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist
(dissociatives, subclass of hallucinogens)
Cocaine (A) and Amphetamine (B) MOA
1A) Cocaine: DOPAMINE transporter reuptake inhibitor
1B) amphetamine: DOPAMINE stimulation
2) increase circulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and nuropeptide Y (NPY) throughout brain regions affecting entire addiction pathway
barbituates (ex phenobarbital)
1) enhance inhibitory control of GABA-A (like bzd, except bzds increase freq of calcium channel opening, and barbs increase duration of ca channel opening)
2) decrease glutamate excitation by decreasing ampa and kainate activity
MDMA
onset
peak
1/2 life
time to 95% clearance
MDMA onset 20m - 1h, peak 2h, 1/2 life 8 hours, 40h and 5 1/2 lives to 95% clearance
haloperidol
dopamine D2 antagonist antipsychotic
helpful in etoh psychosis
EtOH MOA
1) GABAa receptor up
2) inhibit NMDA glutamate receptor function
nicotine MOA
agonist at nicotine acetylcholine receptors
cannabinoids MOA
agonist at CB1 (brain) and CB2 (immune) cannabinoid receptors
opioid MOA
agonism at mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors
A) hallucinogens MOA: LSD, MDMA, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT
B) hallucinogen outlier salvia MOA
A) partial agonist at 5-HT3, 5-HT2 serotonin receptors
