Epidemiology

Question 1

Drug use in last month

Answer 1

in 2018, 10.2% of Americans or 27 million people used illicit substances within the last month: THC, Pain pills, stimulants

Question 2

Opiate misuse progression to heroin use or OUD

Answer 2

21-29% of RX opiates are misused
and of those 4-6% of ind’ls progress to heroin use
and of those 8-12% of ind’s progress to OUD

Of these 32% test + HCV in 1y, and 53% test + HCV in 5y

Question 3

1999-2008

Answer 3

RX drugs prescribed 4x previous prescriptions

Question 4

Most OD Deaths

Answer 4

occur in males > females, with synthetic opioids now compared to RX or heroin

Question 5

adolescent effect on marijuana use disorder

Answer 5

9% of thc users progress to UD, but 17% of TEEN thc users progress to UD, and 25-50% of EVERYDAY thc users progress to UD

Question 6

Cocaine Epidemiology

Answer 6

decreasing prevalence, all age groups, but still highest in 18-25yo

Question 7

Stimulant Epidemiology

Answer 7

RX amphetamine or methylphenidate: no major recent changes in prevalence, highest in 18-25yo age group

Illicit methamphetamine increasing prevalence 18 and older

Question 8

THC in adolescent <25yo

Answer 8

• stunts brain development
• lower academic performance
• increased risk of psychosis or mania

Question 9

THC in MH disorders

Answer 9

• with schizophrenia, increased risk of mania
• with depression, increased risk for suicide
• with PTSD, more vicious cycling
• with anxiety, increased anxiety severity
• with bipolar, increased rate and intensity to cycles

temporary relief from above, leads to dependence not to rebound into worse effects without THC

Question 10

THC in pregnant female

Answer 10

• does cross placenta and is present in breastmilk
• lower birth weights
• increased postpartum depression, and decreased breastfeeding time intervals
• research links to USD and academic problems in children carried with THC in pregnancy

Question 11

Substances as Leading COD

Answer 11

Tobacco
1st preventable leading COD and disability

Alcohol
3rd leading COD in USA
2nd leading cause of disability and disease burden
associated with >40% MVAs
associated with 1/3 of suicides in 15-35yo

Question 12

Tobacco Prevalence

Answer 12

13.7% population
15.6% men, 12% women

Smoking ind’ls are 2x more likely to experience depression

In MH dx, 5x higher prevalence of smoking
<18% smoke without MH
>60% smoke with MH

demographics of prevalence: men, 25-64yo, lower education, below poverty, midwest and south, medicaid/uninsured, disabled, MH, AI/alaskan/multiracial, LGBTQ+

Question 13

BZD prevalence & demographics

Answer 13

demographics of prevalence: female, older, chronic health and emotional problems

1/3 MH patients use BZDs

interval of use: 12% use for <1 year, 1% use for > 1 year

Question 14

Standard Volume for
ONE DRINK

Answer 14

14g of alcohol which is…
- 12 oz beer
- 5 oz wine
- 1.5 oz liquor