WOP Individual Behaviour, Personality and Values summary Flashcards
Describe the MARS model
Motivation, Ability, Role perception ( how a person perceives their role within the company which includes responsibilities, priorities and preferred behaviour etc) , Situational context (outside of persons control,Work context can constrain or facilitate performance and the situation provides cues that guide and motivate people)
What may ability refer to?
The natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task. Aptitudes are natural talents. Competencies are characteristics of a person that result in superior performance
How may employees be matched with the correct job requirements
looking for employees that already have the required skills or by training employees. Redesigning the job is also possible.
Name and describe the five categories of individual behaviour
Task performance (individual, autonomous, goal driven behaviour which works towards the organisations aims) Organisational Citizenship (Prosocial actions pertaining to social and psychological context ie covering shifts. This can be productive or counterproductive to company goals) Counterproductive behaviour ( behaviour potentially directly or indirectly conflicting with company goals eg bullying) Joining and staying with the organisation- Companies have to keep higher skilled and productive employees at their company. Maintaining attendance
What are the implications of attendance?
Absence can cause the company to be short-staffed and knowledge will temporarily leave the company. Absence can have positive consequences because it can help people recover sooner. People that go to their work while absence should’ve occurred are less productive and may reduce the productivity of co-workers.
Name and describe the different forms of task performance
Proficient task performance pertains to the efficiency and accuracy of the task performance. Adaptive task performance is how adaptive the employees are. Pro active task performance regards how employees initiate and introduce new work patterns that will benefit the business.
When are adaptive and proactive task performance most important>
When the task is ambiguous.
When does personality tend to stabilise?
Around thirty however it can still change
What personality types are suited to each form of task performance?
Conscientiousness + extraversion= Proficient
Emotional stability + Extraversion + Openness to experience = Adaptative
Extraversion + Openness to experience = Proactive
Conscientiousness + Agreeableness = Org citizenship
- Conscientiousness - Agreeableness = CWB
What are the four clusters of values?
Openness to change- motivated to pursue innovative ways
Conservation- preserve status quo
Self enhancement- self interest
Self transcendence- welfare of others and nature
What is meant by the term values congruence?
how similar a person’s values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another entity, such as an organisation. Some degree of value congruency is useful in organizations.
What are the three ethical principles?
Utilitarianism; The only moral obligation is to seek the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Individual rights; Everyone has the same set of natural rights.
Distributive justice; Benefits and burdens of similar individuals should be the same (e.g: equal work requires equal pay).
What are the three factors that influence ethical conduct in the workplace?
Moral intensity- how much an issue demands the requirements of ethical principles
Moral sensitivity- This is a characteristic of a person to detect a moral dilemma and estimate its importance
Situational factors
What five values have cross cultural significance?
Individualism, collectivism, power-distance (How much they tolerate and wealth/power gap in society), uncertainty avoidance (how much people fear/ tolerate uncertainty or ambiguity) and achievement-nurturing orientation (competitive/ cooperative focus)
What three factors influence motivation?
Direction, intensity and persistence
