SP: Social Identity Flashcards
What is meant by self categorisation?
Self-categorization is the process of seeing oneself as a member of a social group
What is meant by social Identity?
Social identity refers to the way we feel about group memberships that we share with others.
How may people learn about their own group?
People learn about their own group in the same way they learn stereotypes of other groups.
In which ways do we feel like a group member?
Direct reminders, out group members, being a minority and rivalry or conflict
What effect can being in a group have on behaviour?
Seeing oneself as a group member means that the group’s typical characteristics become norms or standards for one’s own behaviour
What is meant by BIRG?
Bask in reflected glory (BIRG) is a way of boosting self-esteem by identifying oneself with the accomplishment or good qualities of fellow in-group members. (soccer fans)
Why do people experience emotion in response to events which affect their group?
People experience emotions in response to events that affect their group because identification with a group makes the group part of our self. We experience emotions as group members, which influences how we feel about and behave toward out-groups.
What is the effect of perceiving differences in other groups and seeing similarities in our own?
Perceiving differences with other groups makes us feel unique, while similarities with our own group make us feel connected.
What type of groups tend to find the best balance between this uniqueness and connectedness?
Relatively small groups
How do people perceive in-group members differently?
People mostly perceive similarities between themselves and in-group members, which results in seeing our own group as more similar to ourselves.
What can enhance this assumed similarity?
Anything that increases the group membership accessibility
What helps us find our own place in the group?
Learning about the personal qualities of others
How does being in a group affect our opinions of in-group members
People tend to like in-group members more than out-group members however In-group members are sometimes not liked as individuals, but as representatives of the in-group.
How can our behaviour differ towards in group members to out group members?
People treat in- group members with more fairness and show more altruism than they do towards out-group members
What is the effect of people sub ordinating their personal interests to the group?
The group prospers
Name and explain an effect relating to the categorisation into other groups
The out-group homogeneity effect refers to the tendency to see the out-group as relatively more homogeneous and less diverse than the in-group.
Name some reasons the out-group homogeneity effect may occur
Familiarity; we know more about the in- group and can thus better differentiate and the constrained nature of typical interactions with the out- group; because we tend to not have individual interaction with out-group members, thus making it difficult to differentiate between people in the out-group
Does this effect extend to physical characteristics?
Yeah dawg
Name and explain a bias related to the physical appearance when categorising out-groups
The cross-race identification bias refers to the improved ability to remember faces from one’s own race than from another race.
How may people overcome the cross-race identification bias
People must be aware of the bias and motivated to overcome it
what is meant by a minimal intergroup situation?
A research situation in which people are categorized, on an arbitrary or trivial basis, into groups that have no history, no conflicts of interests and no stereotypes.
