Women who shaped nursing and theorists

Question 1

Dorothy Johnson

Answer 1

Behavioral system model
- Incorporates 5 principles of systems thinking to establish a balance or equilibrium (adaptation) in the person
- The patient is a behavioral system consisting of subsystems

Question 2

Clara Barton

Answer 2

• “Angel of the Battlefield” during U.S. Civil War
• first president of the American Red Cross

Question 3

Dorothea Dix

Answer 3

• activist for better mental health care and the est. of psychiatric hospitals

Question 4

Florence Nightingale

Answer 4

• est. modern nursing
• famous for her work giving nursing during the Crimean War
• influenced war strategy
• instrumental in the establishment of the Nightingale School in London, which became a model for nursing schools
• Environmental theory: person, health, nursing, and environment

Question 5

Mary Mahoney

Answer 5

• first african american nurse in the US
• est. National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses and served as first president

Question 6

Linda Richards

Answer 6

• first trained nurse in the US
• est. first nursing school in Japan

Question 7

Isabel Hampton Robb

Answer 7

• helped usher in 12-hr shifts with meal breaks for nurses
• instrumental in est. 3-year training program for nurses and worked for LINCENSURE EXAMINATIONS & NURSING REGISTRATION

Question 8

Mary Adelaide Nutting, Lillian Wald, Annie Goodrich “the great trio”

Answer 8

• made great strides in nursing education and community health nursing

Question 9

Peplau, Hildegard E.

Answer 9

Interpersonal relationships model: interpersonal communication can improve mental health

Question 10

Henderson, Virginia

Answer 10

• Nursing need theory
  14 basic needs addressed by nursing care; definition of nursing; do for patients what they cannot do for themselves

Question 11

Abdellah, Faye G.

Answer 11

21 nursing problems; deliver care to the whole person
Patient centered approach

Question 12

Orlando, Ida Jean

Answer 12

Interpersonal process; nursing process theory - relationship between patient and nurse

Question 13

Wiedenbach, Ernestine

Answer 13

Purpose of nursing is to support and meet patients’ need for help; nursing is a helping art
- self-awareness and self-acceptance are crucial to personal integrity and self worth

Question 14

Levine, Myra

Answer 14

Conservation model, published in 1973; designed to promote adaptation of the person while maintaining wholeness or health

Question 15

Rogers, Martha

Answer 15

-science of unitary human beings
The science of unitary human beings focuses on the betterment of humankind through new and innovative modalities; maintaining an environment free of negative energy is important

Question 16

Orem, Dorothea

Answer 16

The self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. Goal is to help client attain total self-care.

Question 17

King Imogene

Answer 17

• theory of goal attainment
  First of two theories was the interacting systems framework, designed to explain the organized wholes within which nurses are expected to function: society, groups, and individuals; the first theory led to the theory of goal attainment, which focuses on mutual goal setting between a nurse and patient and the process for meeting the goals

Question 18

Neuman, Betty

Answer 18

Neuman systems model is based on general systems theory (a nonnursing theory) and reflects the nature of living organisms as open systems

Question 19

Roy, Sr. Callista

Answer 19

Adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children; the model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness

Question 20

Newman, Margaret

Answer 20

Theory of health as expanding consciousness describes nursing intervention as nonintervention, where the nurse’s presence helps patients recognize their own pattern of interacting with the environment.

Question 21

Watson, Jean

Answer 21

Caring theory. Nursing is an interpersonal process.

Question 22

Parse, Rosemarie Rizzo

Answer 22

Theory of human becoming focuses on the human-universe-health process and knowledge related to human becoming (or reaching one’s potential)

Question 23

Benner, Patricia and Wrubel, Judith

Answer 23

Primacy of caring model; caring is central to the model and helps the client cope with stressors of illness