Promoting Health and Wellness Flashcards
1
Q
continuum
A
scale, with exceptional wellness at the top and severe illness at the bottom
2
Q
Dunn’s Theory of High-Level Wellness
A
1959, Dunn developed theory about achieving high-level wellness
- not only a continuum of health and wellness, heath axis, but also a vertical axis to represent person’s enviro
3
Q
protected poor health
A
environment is favorable, health is not
4
Q
poor health
A
both health and enviro not favorable
5
Q
emergent high-level wellness
A
enviro not favorable, health is favorable
6
Q
high- level wellness
A
both enviro and health are favorable
7
Q
Fitzpatrick’s Rhythm Model
A
- wellness-illness
- nursing is rooted through promotion of wellness practices
- attentive treatment of those who are acutely/chronically il/dying
-restorative care of people during covalescensce and rehabilitation
8
Q
Healthy People 2030
A
continues to work toward improving the prevention of disease and promoting health in the US.
9
Q
The overarching goals of Healthy People 2023
A
- attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
- eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being of all
- create social, physical and economic enviro that promote health
- promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages
- engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action
10
Q
10 leading health indicators of Health People 2030
A
- children, adolescents, and adults who use the oral health-care system (2+ years)
- consumption of calories from added suagrs by person aged 2 years and over
- drug overdose deaths
- exposure to unhealthy air
- homicides
- household food insecurity and hunger
- persons who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza
- person who know their HIV status (13+ years)
- persons with medical insurance (<65 years)
- suicides
11
Q
social determinants of health can affect a person’s health and quality of life
A
being aware of these social determinants of health and recognizing the need for change in social, physical, and economic environment will help promote wellness in communities you serve
12
Q
location and social situations can affect health
A
- safe housing and neighborhoods available
- racism and discrimination present
- ongoing violence is an issue
- opportunities for people to get an education are available to obtain skilled jobs that pay living wage
- food is available at grocery stores near the neighborhood or whether only unhealthy snacks and fast food are accessible
- air and water are clean and safe
- opportunities to improve language is different than that of neighborhood or surrounding areas
13
Q
What is health literacy?
A
ability of individuals to understand basic health info. and to use that information to make good decisions about their health
- assessing health literacy referred to as “newest vital sign”
- ask six questions about label and scores the answers according to score sheet
- only 12% of population has proficient health literacy
14
Q
acute illness
A
- strikes suddenly and lasts for limited time
ex: appendicitis, food poisoning
15
Q
chronic illness
A
- lasts for 3/6 months or longer and is characterized by intensifying or improving symptoms
- require treatment and medications or limitations of person’s activites
ex: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis
16
Q
remissions
A
minimal symptoms or a complete absence of symptoms
ex: rheumatoid arthritis with periods of remissions when joint pain lessens and mobility improves
17
Q
exacerbations
A
periods of worsening symptoms
ex: rheumatoid arthritis: periods of exacerbation when opposite occurs from remissions
18
Q
Prodromal phase
A
- before symptoms of specific illness develop
- “not feel good” with generalized body aches and fatigue
19
Q
Symptomatic phase
A
- observable symptoms develop
ex: sore throat and congestion
20
Q
seeking help phase
A
when people seek help from medical practitioner
21
Q
dependency phase
A
a person relies on others for help in diagnosis and treatment
22
Q
recovery phase
A
when a person regains independence and has regained health
23
Q
risk factors
A
- physiological, psychological, genetic elements or environmental factors that contribute to the development of illness or disease
24
Q
some risk factors are nonmodifible
A
heredity, age, and sex assigned at birth
25
How are people who have risk factors for illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer able to decrease it?
modifying their diet and exercise routine and managing their blood pressure and blood sugar
26
stress
nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it
27
adaptation
ability to positively adjust to changes that occur in an individual's world
28
stressor
any stress inducing event; can include a physical, emotional, pleasant, or unpleasant occurence
29
risk factor: obesity
diabetes, heart disease, breast cancer, colon cancer
30
risk factor: diet high in trans-fatty acids, cholesterol, & triglycerides
diabetes, stroke, heart disease
31
risk factor: hypertension
stroke, heart disease, kidney disease
32
risk factor: smoking
heart disease, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, lung cancer, and other types of cancer
33
fight-or-flight response
engages in sympathetic nervous system, stimulates endocrine glands to pump cortisol, adrenaline, and other hormones in bloodstream, allowing to run faster
- hormones cause bronchial airways to dilate and respiratory rate to rise, increasing oxygen intake
-glycogen converted to glucose for energy
- heart rase increase, blood vessels in skin constrict, and central blood vessels dilate
-salivary glands decrease secretions & peristalsis slows in digestive tract
34
Han Selye's Theory of Stress and Illness
demonstrated in situation of ongoing, unrelieved stress and then develop an illness
35
Alarm phase
- when our body responds with the fight-or-flight response
36
If the stressor continues in our life and we do not find a positive way to relieve it what happens?
our body gets stuck in that fight-or-flight response, producing high levels of cortisol and other stress hormones
37
resistance phase
body works hard to resist the threats of stress and keep working efficiently to prevent illness
- can continue for weeks, months or years
38
exhaustion phase
-our bodies cannot keep up the pace of dealing with stressors and fighting off illness
- body's resources are depleted and we are most vulnerable to physical and psychological disease
39
general adaption syndrome
body's attempts to adapt to the stressors we encounter
40
What is the outcome of stress?
either you adapt to it or you develop a disease or illness
41
What are psychological response to stressors?
feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
42
defense mechanisms
- manage our fears and anxieties through unconscious reactions to decrease the stress
43
defense mechanism: avoidance
unconsciously staying away from events or situations that might open feelings of aggression or anxiety
- may become socially isolated
44
defense mechanism: compensation
making up for something we perceive as an adequacy by developing some other desirable trait
- use of drugs or alcohol to feel confident in social situations
45
defense mechanism: conversion reaction
anxiety is channeled into physical symptoms
- anxiety not dealt with can lead to actual physical disorders such as gastric ulcers, and possibly some cancers
46
defense mechanism: denial
unconscious refusal to see reality
- usually the first defense learned and used
-repression, dissociative disorders
47
defense mechanism: displacement (transference)
transferring anger and hostility to another person or object that is perceived to be less powerful: the "kick-the-dog syndrome"
- loss of friends and relationships
-confusion in communication
48
defense mechanism: dissociation
painful events or situations are separated or dissociated from conscious mind
- one of the dissociative disorders, such as multiple personality disorder
49
defense mechanism: identification
a person takes on the ideas or personaility trait of someone that he or she fears or respects
- assumes mannerisms, wears clothing, and arranges hair and appearance to match other person
50
defense mechanism: intellectualization
an individual separates self from uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic
- allow facts and logic to take place of feeling emotions over time
51
defense mechanism: isolation
emotion that is separated from the original feeling
- avoids dealing with true feeling
- can increase stress
52
defense mechanism: minimization
not acknowledging or accepting the significance of one's own behavior, making it seem less important
- no motivation to change behavior so it can become more unhealthy and antisocial with no consequences
53
defense mechanism: projection (scapegoating)
blaming others
a mental/verbal "finger-pointing" at another for the problem
- finds faults in everything and everyone
- fails to learn to take personal responsibility & may develop into delusional tendencies
54
rationalization
use of a logical-sounding excuse to cover up true thoughts and feelings
- self-deception
55
reaction formation (overcompensation
similar to compensation, except the person usually develops exact OPPOSITE trait
- failure to resolve internal conflicts
ex: boy wants to become basketball center instead becomes honor roll student
56
regression
emotionally returning to an earlier time in life when there was far less stress
commonly seen in patients when hospitalized
- may interfere with perception of reality & progression & development of personality
57
repression (stuffing)
an unconscious "burying" or "forgetting" mechanism
excludes or withholds from our consciousness events or situations that are unbearable: a step deeper than "denial"
- flashbacks, post traumatic stress disorder, amnesia
58
restitution (undoing)
making amends for a behavior one thinks is unacceptable
making an attempt at reducing guilt
- may send double messages
- relieves the "doer" of the responsibility of being honest in the situation
59
sublimation
unacceptable traits or characteristics are diverted into acceptable traits or characteristics
- the "socially accepted" behavior might actually reinforce the negative tendencies, and person may still show signs of undesirable behavior/trait
60
effects of stress on illness
- constricted blood vessels and increased heart rate = hypertension and heart disease
- vasodilation in brain may contribute to migraine headaches
61
symptoms of stress
- frequent feelings of anger, helplessness, or hopelessness
- headaches, back pain
- hiding real feelings from family and friends
-hurting loved ones with words & physical harm
- isolation
- constant worry & panic attacks
- inability to make decisions and overuse of alcohol
62
coping stratigies
actions people use to combat stress
63
postitive coping strategies
- eating regular meals with lower levels of fat & sugar
- exercising regularly
- sleeping an adequate numbers of hours every night
-using deep-breathing exercises to relax
- listening to your body and giving it what it needs
