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Nursing Fundamentals > Promoting Health and Wellness > Flashcards

Promoting Health and Wellness Flashcards

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1
Q

continuum

A

scale, with exceptional wellness at the top and severe illness at the bottom

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2
Q

Dunn’s Theory of High-Level Wellness

A

1959, Dunn developed theory about achieving high-level wellness
- not only a continuum of health and wellness, heath axis, but also a vertical axis to represent person’s enviro

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3
Q

protected poor health

A

environment is favorable, health is not

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4
Q

poor health

A

both health and enviro not favorable

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5
Q

emergent high-level wellness

A

enviro not favorable, health is favorable

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6
Q

high- level wellness

A

both enviro and health are favorable

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7
Q

Fitzpatrick’s Rhythm Model

A
  • wellness-illness
  • nursing is rooted through promotion of wellness practices
  • attentive treatment of those who are acutely/chronically il/dying
    -restorative care of people during covalescensce and rehabilitation
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8
Q

Healthy People 2030

A

continues to work toward improving the prevention of disease and promoting health in the US.

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9
Q

The overarching goals of Healthy People 2023

A
  • attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
  • eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being of all
  • create social, physical and economic enviro that promote health
  • promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages
  • engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action
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10
Q

10 leading health indicators of Health People 2030

A
  • children, adolescents, and adults who use the oral health-care system (2+ years)
  • consumption of calories from added suagrs by person aged 2 years and over
  • drug overdose deaths
  • exposure to unhealthy air
  • homicides
  • household food insecurity and hunger
  • persons who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza
  • person who know their HIV status (13+ years)
  • persons with medical insurance (<65 years)
  • suicides
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11
Q

social determinants of health can affect a person’s health and quality of life

A

being aware of these social determinants of health and recognizing the need for change in social, physical, and economic environment will help promote wellness in communities you serve

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12
Q

location and social situations can affect health

A
  • safe housing and neighborhoods available
  • racism and discrimination present
  • ongoing violence is an issue
  • opportunities for people to get an education are available to obtain skilled jobs that pay living wage
  • food is available at grocery stores near the neighborhood or whether only unhealthy snacks and fast food are accessible
  • air and water are clean and safe
  • opportunities to improve language is different than that of neighborhood or surrounding areas
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13
Q

What is health literacy?

A

ability of individuals to understand basic health info. and to use that information to make good decisions about their health
- assessing health literacy referred to as “newest vital sign”
- ask six questions about label and scores the answers according to score sheet
- only 12% of population has proficient health literacy

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14
Q

acute illness

A
  • strikes suddenly and lasts for limited time
    ex: appendicitis, food poisoning
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15
Q

chronic illness

A
  • lasts for 3/6 months or longer and is characterized by intensifying or improving symptoms
  • require treatment and medications or limitations of person’s activites
    ex: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis
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16
Q

remissions

A

minimal symptoms or a complete absence of symptoms
ex: rheumatoid arthritis with periods of remissions when joint pain lessens and mobility improves

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17
Q

exacerbations

A

periods of worsening symptoms
ex: rheumatoid arthritis: periods of exacerbation when opposite occurs from remissions

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18
Q

Prodromal phase

A
  • before symptoms of specific illness develop
  • “not feel good” with generalized body aches and fatigue
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19
Q

Symptomatic phase

A
  • observable symptoms develop
    ex: sore throat and congestion
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20
Q

seeking help phase

A

when people seek help from medical practitioner

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21
Q

dependency phase

A

a person relies on others for help in diagnosis and treatment

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22
Q

recovery phase

A

when a person regains independence and has regained health

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23
Q

risk factors

A
  • physiological, psychological, genetic elements or environmental factors that contribute to the development of illness or disease
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24
Q

some risk factors are nonmodifible

A

heredity, age, and sex assigned at birth

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25
Q

How are people who have risk factors for illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer able to decrease it?

A

modifying their diet and exercise routine and managing their blood pressure and blood sugar

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26
Q

stress

A

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it

27
Q

adaptation

A

ability to positively adjust to changes that occur in an individual’s world

28
Q

stressor

A

any stress inducing event; can include a physical, emotional, pleasant, or unpleasant occurence

29
Q

risk factor: obesity

A

diabetes, heart disease, breast cancer, colon cancer

30
Q

risk factor: diet high in trans-fatty acids, cholesterol, & triglycerides

A

diabetes, stroke, heart disease

31
Q

risk factor: hypertension

A

stroke, heart disease, kidney disease

32
Q

risk factor: smoking

A

heart disease, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, lung cancer, and other types of cancer

33
Q

fight-or-flight response

A

engages in sympathetic nervous system, stimulates endocrine glands to pump cortisol, adrenaline, and other hormones in bloodstream, allowing to run faster
- hormones cause bronchial airways to dilate and respiratory rate to rise, increasing oxygen intake
-glycogen converted to glucose for energy
- heart rase increase, blood vessels in skin constrict, and central blood vessels dilate
-salivary glands decrease secretions & peristalsis slows in digestive tract

34
Q

Han Selye’s Theory of Stress and Illness

A

demonstrated in situation of ongoing, unrelieved stress and then develop an illness

35
Q

Alarm phase

A
  • when our body responds with the fight-or-flight response
36
Q

If the stressor continues in our life and we do not find a positive way to relieve it what happens?

A

our body gets stuck in that fight-or-flight response, producing high levels of cortisol and other stress hormones

37
Q

resistance phase

A

body works hard to resist the threats of stress and keep working efficiently to prevent illness
- can continue for weeks, months or years

38
Q

exhaustion phase

A

-our bodies cannot keep up the pace of dealing with stressors and fighting off illness
- body’s resources are depleted and we are most vulnerable to physical and psychological disease

39
Q

general adaption syndrome

A

body’s attempts to adapt to the stressors we encounter

40
Q

What is the outcome of stress?

A

either you adapt to it or you develop a disease or illness

41
Q

What are psychological response to stressors?

A

feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

42
Q

defense mechanisms

A
  • manage our fears and anxieties through unconscious reactions to decrease the stress
43
Q

defense mechanism: avoidance

A

unconsciously staying away from events or situations that might open feelings of aggression or anxiety
- may become socially isolated

44
Q

defense mechanism: compensation

A

making up for something we perceive as an adequacy by developing some other desirable trait
- use of drugs or alcohol to feel confident in social situations

45
Q

defense mechanism: conversion reaction

A

anxiety is channeled into physical symptoms
- anxiety not dealt with can lead to actual physical disorders such as gastric ulcers, and possibly some cancers

46
Q

defense mechanism: denial

A

unconscious refusal to see reality
- usually the first defense learned and used
-repression, dissociative disorders

47
Q

defense mechanism: displacement (transference)

A

transferring anger and hostility to another person or object that is perceived to be less powerful: the “kick-the-dog syndrome”
- loss of friends and relationships
-confusion in communication

48
Q

defense mechanism: dissociation

A

painful events or situations are separated or dissociated from conscious mind
- one of the dissociative disorders, such as multiple personality disorder

49
Q

defense mechanism: identification

A

a person takes on the ideas or personaility trait of someone that he or she fears or respects
- assumes mannerisms, wears clothing, and arranges hair and appearance to match other person

50
Q

defense mechanism: intellectualization

A

an individual separates self from uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic
- allow facts and logic to take place of feeling emotions over time

51
Q

defense mechanism: isolation

A

emotion that is separated from the original feeling
- avoids dealing with true feeling
- can increase stress

52
Q

defense mechanism: minimization

A

not acknowledging or accepting the significance of one’s own behavior, making it seem less important
- no motivation to change behavior so it can become more unhealthy and antisocial with no consequences

53
Q

defense mechanism: projection (scapegoating)

A

blaming others
a mental/verbal “finger-pointing” at another for the problem
- finds faults in everything and everyone
- fails to learn to take personal responsibility & may develop into delusional tendencies

54
Q

rationalization

A

use of a logical-sounding excuse to cover up true thoughts and feelings
- self-deception

55
Q

reaction formation (overcompensation

A

similar to compensation, except the person usually develops exact OPPOSITE trait
- failure to resolve internal conflicts
ex: boy wants to become basketball center instead becomes honor roll student

56
Q

regression

A

emotionally returning to an earlier time in life when there was far less stress
commonly seen in patients when hospitalized
- may interfere with perception of reality & progression & development of personality

57
Q

repression (stuffing)

A

an unconscious “burying” or “forgetting” mechanism
excludes or withholds from our consciousness events or situations that are unbearable: a step deeper than “denial”
- flashbacks, post traumatic stress disorder, amnesia

58
Q

restitution (undoing)

A

making amends for a behavior one thinks is unacceptable
making an attempt at reducing guilt
- may send double messages
- relieves the “doer” of the responsibility of being honest in the situation

59
Q

sublimation

A

unacceptable traits or characteristics are diverted into acceptable traits or characteristics
- the “socially accepted” behavior might actually reinforce the negative tendencies, and person may still show signs of undesirable behavior/trait

60
Q

effects of stress on illness

A
  • constricted blood vessels and increased heart rate = hypertension and heart disease
  • vasodilation in brain may contribute to migraine headaches
61
Q

symptoms of stress

A
  • frequent feelings of anger, helplessness, or hopelessness
  • headaches, back pain
  • hiding real feelings from family and friends
    -hurting loved ones with words & physical harm
  • isolation
  • constant worry & panic attacks
  • inability to make decisions and overuse of alcohol
62
Q

coping stratigies

A

actions people use to combat stress

63
Q

postitive coping strategies

A
  • eating regular meals with lower levels of fat & sugar
  • exercising regularly
  • sleeping an adequate numbers of hours every night
    -using deep-breathing exercises to relax
  • listening to your body and giving it what it needs

Nursing Fundamentals (13 decks)

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