WOMEN- society and culture in change Flashcards
positive impact of ww1 on women
-given jobs in munitions factories
-beginning of a view change that they could do this type of work
-nurses at front line and at home
-few women were given government jobs such as secretaries
-womens land army- agricultural work
negative impact of ww1 on women
-still paid less than men for doing the same jobs and were fired quickly when men returned
impact of the ‘roaring 20’s’ on women economically
(economic boom)
despite expectation of return to domestication of women…
-changing industries created more office jobs
-womens work from 1910-1940 increased from 7.5 million to 13 million
-women bureau of labour 1920- improved womens working conditions
social impacts or roaring 20’s on women
-Flappers: worked, cut hair short, smoked and drank in public and had more sexual freedom, behaved like young men (shifted public perception of women)
impacts of Great Depression on women
-womens bureau ignored, hindered push for legislation
-however generally effected people across class not gender
-deserted, divorced and widowed women forced to work
Impacts of new deals upon women
-men came first in policies on unemployment and working and working conditions,
-for example civilian conservation corps, (work for 17-23 year olds employing 2.5 million) were set up for men
-eleanor Roosevelt wanted the same for women
-as a result camp TERA was set up in 1933, was federally funded a year later
-by 1936 there were 36 camps employing 5000 women a year HOWEVER only trained on a budget management for 2/3 months
-black women benefitted less than white women (earned less and got worse jobs)
-1 dollar white man, 63 cents white women, 23 cents black women
features of camp TERA
-result of new deal
-set up 1933, and federally funded a year later
-36 camps by 1936 employing 5000 women a year
-however only trained in budget management (for 2/3 months)
impacts of ww2 on women
-women showed they could do mens work
-economic state of women improved as rescued depression
-16 percent of married women worked in 1940
-reformation of woman’s land army
-oppertunities for black women in work rose
post ww2 changes on women
-many not reemployed
-50 percent of married women left workforce (expectation of redomestication)
-before women were barred from certain jobs
-black women who trained as nurses could carry on
-changed married womens attitudes to work
impact of suburban living on women
-in commuting distance of cities so women could work more easily
-some black suburbs close to white suburbs giving domestic employment opportunities to black women however caused social issues
-demand to return to standards of ‘nuclear family’ returned as communities of domestic mothers created, isolating women who did work
why and how did womens liberation movement (1961-80) start
-commision of enquiry on the status of women 1961-influenced by Eleanor Roosevelt
-equal pay act still needed enforcing despite women making up 1/3 of workforce still discriminated against
-minimum wage didn’t apply to women who did low pay domestic work
-not enough daycare to help married women work
-women not encouraged to want a career from birth
impact of Betty Frieden through feminine mystique
-started feminine mystique in 1963 (which showed the constraints of suburban life on women and issues surrounding married women)
-provoked controversy and had women thinking that maybe they were missing something too and had a lack of rights and oppertunities
-1 million copies sold
-traditionalist women felt judged by book, STOP ERA set up to maintain traditional family values saying women were designed to have babies, women would have lost tex benefits if ratified
consequences of the feminine mystique that were implicated by Betty Friedan
NOW
-founded national organisation for women in 1966
-aimed to work with political system to implicate change (caused slow change)
-wanted equal pay act enforced
-held meetings, demonstrated, collected petitions
REACTION OF YOUNG RADICALS
-thought now wasn’t radical enough
-worked with now eventually to commemorate 50th anniversary of 19th amendment
legislative impact of 1970s on women impact of women
-1972 Supreme Court allowed access to contraception to unmarried women
-1972 equal rights act got passed to constitution but never got ratified
-roe vs wade 1973 (abortion legalised)
